Suchergebnisse

This report briefly discusses the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (T-TIP) between the U.S. and the European Union (EU). The report also briefly notes the use of agricultural biotechnology.

Towards a new Elysée Treaty; French-German bilateral relations 40 years after signing the 1963 treaty and in context of an enlarged European Union; 3 articles. Summary in English p. 195-6.

Abstract
It is well established in the literature that international courts make law and develop norms. Yet there is no systematic analysis of how adjudication refashions a given norm's trajectory. This article addresses this gap by combining legal analysis with social science methods. It takes a closer look at the European Court of Human Rights and provides a framework for understanding how court rulings develop norms – that is, how judicial decisions modify norms' content or scope. The framework is composed of a typology of court characters (arbitrator, entrepreneur and delineator) and the distinct modes of norm development that each character typically generates (incremental/inconspicuous, pronounced and peripheral development). The typology is informed by interviews carried out at the Court as well as the literature on judicial review and, in particular, the debate on judicial activism and restraint. Unlike the concepts of judicial activism and restraint, these characters are not antithetical, but complementary. I show how court characters complement one another by looking at the case of the norm against torture under Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights. I examine 157 judgments issued between 1967 and 2006. I find that the percentage of entrepreneur rulings considerably decreased in the post-1998 period, while arbitrator rulings increased by nearly the same amount. My analysis of nearly four decades of jurisprudence not only sheds light on how the Court operates but also furthers our understanding of how it refashions codified norms.

Disciplining Women -- Disciplining Women -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1: Stomp the Yard, School Daze, and the Cultural Politics of Black Greek-Letter Organizations -- 2: Alpha Kappa Alpha, Black Counterpublics, and the Ambiguity of Social Reform -- 3: Stepping into the African Diaspora Alpha Kappa Alpha and the Production of Sexuality and Femininity in Sorority Step Performance -- 4: Disciplining Women, Respectable Pledges, and the Meaning of a Soror Alpha Kappa Alpha and the Transformation of the Pledge Process -- 5: Voices of Collectivity/Agents of Change Alpha Kappa Alpha and the Future of Black Counterpublics -- Conclusion: Sorority Sisters -- Appendix: Alpha Kappa Alpha Fact Sheet -- Notes -- Glossary -- Bibliography -- Index.

With the financial support from the Prevention of and Fight against Crime Programme of the European Union | European Commission - Directorate-General Home Affairs. ; CooptoFight: Research Context and Objectives | Brief Glossary on THB | The Legal Key-stages of THB Fighting and Victims' Protection | Brief Conclusions | Links to access to the International and European Legal Framework and so-me important Institutional Recommendations on THB | References

A focus on 'mixed race' and mixedness in Britain has revived a debate around the central question of whether the decennial census and other official data collections should be capturing 'race' rather than ethnic group and producing 'racial' outputs. The British practice may seem out of step by some commentators, given that 'mixed race' is the term of choice amongst those it describes, and given scholarly interest in interracial unions. Moreover, the resurgence of interest in 'race' and racisms in the context of the 'Black Lives Matter' movement and concern over the down-playing in a UK Government-commissioned report of the role of structural racism has enlivened the debate. However, this paper argues against a shift to 'race' in official data collection and for continued use of the conceptually preferable 'ethnic group' in the census question title, the section label 'mixed/multiple ethnic groups', and the ongoing provision of data on unions at the pan-ethnic and granular levels. A measure of socially constructed 'race' is already available in all but name in the pan-ethnic section labels (White, Asian, Black, Mixed, and Other) and the tick boxes under the 'mixed/multiple' heading. Ethnic group has been the conceptual basis of the question since the field trials for the 1991 Census, and its position has been strengthened by the increasing granularity of the categorisation (19 categories in the 2021 England and Wales Census) and by substantial distributed free-text provision that underpins the question's context of self-identification. The wider understanding of 'race' identifications invokes ascription, imposition, and social categorisation rather than self-identification and subscription. There is also evidence of the unacceptability of 'race' in the context of the census amongst the wider society.

"In Assessing Multiculturalism in Global Comparative Perspective a group of leading scholars come together in a multidisciplinary collection to assess multiculturalism through an international comparative perspective. Multiculturalism today faces challenges like never before, through the concurrent rise of populism and white supremacist groups, and contemporary social movements mobilizing around alternative ideas of decolonization, anti-racism, and national self-determination Taking these challenges head on, and with the backdrop that the term multiculturalism originated in Canada before going global, this collection of chapters presents a global comparative view of multiculturalism, through both empirical and normative perspectives, with the overarching aim of comprehending multiculturalism's promise, limitations, contemporary challenges, trajectory and possible futures. Collectively, the chapters provide the basis for a critical assessment of multiculturalism's first fifty years, as well as vital insight into whether multiculturalism is best equipped to meet the distinct challenges characterizing this juncture of the 21st century. With coverage including the Americas, Europe, Oceania, Africa and Asia, and thematic coverage of citizenship, religion, security, gender, Black Lives Matter and the post-pandemic order, Assessing Multiculturalism in Global Comparative Perspective presents a comprehensively global collection that is indispensable reading for scholars and students of diversity in the twenty-first century"--

In this article we investigate how political actors involved in TV debates during the 2009 and 2014 presidential elections in Romania manage the relationship between handedness (left/right polarity in hand gestures) and political orientation (left/right polarity in politics),. For this purpose we developed a multimodal analysis for some relevant sequences during these debates. The practice of integrating the meanings of different semiotic resources allows a better understanding of the meaning of verbal discourse, actions and behavior of political actors involved in a particular communication situation. In addition, the Multimodal Professional Analysis Tool, ELAN, allows the annotation and dynamic analysis of the semiotic behavior of the political actors involved in the analyzed sequences.

This article extends existing political-economic models to deal more rigorously with politics in countries with trade-dependent economies, and in particular with the policy consequences of oil-exporting in industrial countries. Models drawn from economics and finance show how much of Britain's recent unemployment results from North Sea oil, at first through speculation in sterling in rapidly-growing international currency markets and more recently through the balance of payments. In Norway, by contrast, speculation was deterred by a variety of policies on fixing exchange rates, and the unemployment problem contained by better-planned and executed employment subsidy programmes. These policy variations are explained by differences in available ideas, institutions and, ultimately, structural characteristics.