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In this article the author investigates and analyzes the international legal experience in protecting of the rights, freedoms and the legitimate interests of participants in the criminal proceedings. The question of international legal protection of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of participants in criminal proceedings is one of the most acute in the problem under investigation. Since there are legislative gaps, insufficient guarantees of human rights and freedoms, a citizen who not only complicates the work of law enforcement agencies and courts, but also negatively influences over the image of the state in the international arena. Key words: international experience, international practice in protection of human rights, criminal proceedings, legitimate interests of participants, international standards, international legal act.Ребезюк В. М. Міжнародно-правовий досвід забезпечення прав, свобод і законних інтересів учасників кримінального провадження / Національна академія внутрішніх справ ,Україна, Київ В даній статті автор досліджує та аналізує міжнародно-правовий досвід щодо охорони прав і свобод та законних інтересів учасників кримінального провадження. Питання міжнародно-правового забезпечення захисту прав, свобод та законних інтересів учасників кримінального провадження є однією з найгостріших у досліджуваній проблематиці. Оскільки існують законодавчі прогалини, недостатнє забезпечення гарантій прав та свобод людини, громадянина яке не тільки ускладнює роботу правоохоронних органів та судів, але і негативно впливає на імідж держави на міжнародній арені. Ключові слова: міжнародний досвід, міжнародна практика з захисту прав людини, кримінальне провадження, законні інтереси учасників, міжнародні стандарти, міжнародно-правовий акт. Ребезюк В. М. Международно-правовой опыт обеспечения прав, свобод и законных интересов участников уголовного производства/ Национальная академия внутренних дел, Украина, Киев В данной статье автор исследует и анализирует международно-правовой опыт по охране прав и свобод и законных интересов участников уголовного производства. Вопрос международно-правового обеспечения защиты прав, свобод и законных интересов участников уголовного судопроизводства является одной из самых острых в исследуемой проблематике. Поскольку существуют законодательные пробелы, недостаточное обеспечение гарантий прав и свобод человека, гражданина которое не только усложняет работу правоохранительных органов и судов, но и негативно влияет на имидж государства на международной арене. Ключевые слова: международный опыт, международная практика по защите прав человека, уголовное производство, законные интересы участников, международные стандарты, международно-правовой акт.

The World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement covers international commerce in goods and services including measures that directly affect trade, such as import tariffs and quotas, and almost any type of internal measure with an impact on trade. Legal and Economic Principles of World Trade Law contributes to the analysis of the texts of World Trade Law in law and economics, reporting work done to identify improvements to the interpretation of the Agreement. It starts with background studies, the first summarizes The Genesis of the GATT, which highlights the negotiating history of the GATT 1947-8; the second introduces the economics of trade agreements. These are followed by two main studies. The first, authored by Bagwell, Staiger and Sykes, discusses legal and economic aspects of the GATT regulation of border policy instruments, such as import tariffs and import quotas. The second, written by Grossman, Horn and Mavroidis, focuses on the core provision for the regulation of domestic policy instruments - the National Treatment principles in Art. III GATT

Abstract: Over the past decade, Chinese law has undergone a considerable number of major reforms, ranging from the high-profile constitutional amendments to the implementation of multiple online platforms, which have significantly altered legal practice and the judicial process. While scholarly debate remains split over whether China is turning away from law or is becoming more legalistic, there is little empirical understanding of how Chinese law and the legal system are perceived by those most affected by it, namely the Chinese citizens. This article fills the critical gap by leveraging an original public opinion survey of more than 5,000 Chinese adults to examine their views on issues such as the importance of law and the status of legal development in relation to economic growth. The findings suggest that Chinese citizens with actual experience of the legal system—whether from study, practice or personal involvement in litigation—hold vastly different views on many of these issues from those without such experience. The findings also suggest that important policy initiatives introduced by the Chinese leadership and the judiciary, such as the emphasis on constructing a socialist rule of law and the potential introduction of some system of case law, may enjoy popular support.

Over the past decade, Chinese law has undergone a considerable number of major reforms, ranging from the high-profile constitutional amendments to the implementation of multiple online platforms, which have significantly altered legal practice and the judicial process. While scholarly debate remains split over whether China is turning away from law or is becoming more legalistic, there is little empirical understanding of how Chinese law and the legal system are perceived by those most affected by it, namely the Chinese citizens. This article fills the critical gap by leveraging an original public opinion survey of more than 5,000 Chinese adults to examine their views on issues such as the importance of law and the status of legal development in relation to economic growth. The findings suggest that Chinese citizens with actual experience of the legal system—whether from study, practice or personal involvement in litigation—hold vastly different views on many of these issues from those without such experience. The findings also suggest that important policy initiatives introduced by the Chinese leadership and the judiciary, such as the emphasis on constructing a socialist rule of law and the potential introduction of some system of case law, may enjoy popular support. (China/GIGA)

Argues that Israel's 1993 agreement to negotiate with the Palestinians in 1996 on the city's status incurred an obligation under international law to do nothing prior to that date that could negate resolution of the issue, and thus the new East Jerusalem housing it built for Jews in 1993-95 violated the agreement.

Previous research shows that people who have criminal legal (CL) contact are less likely to vote, but there is little information about whether or not CL contact influences protest participation. While people with CL contact may be more likely to engage in critiques of the state, they are also more vulnerable to the risks associated with protesting. Because the CL system is highly racialized in the United States, race is central to an analysis of CL contact. In this article, I analyze the relationship between protest participation, CL contact, and race in Illinois. With survey data from the 2014 Chicago Area Study, I show how race and CL contact interact to increase the likelihood of protesting for Black respondents with CL contact, suggesting that one's experience of a personal perceived injustice is a driving factor in deciding to protest. I also find that non-Black respondents with CL contact are equally as likely to participate in protests as their counterparts without CL contact. This article contributes to literature on political participation and criminology, showing how race and CL contact interact in a way that is associated with participation rates for protest.

The author considers improvement of the criminal-legal means directed to fighting the smuggling of goods not limited in public circulation and the analysis of existing efficiency indicators for this type of criminal activity. The purpose of this paper is examination and ways of improvement of application of the criminal law concerning the responsibility for smuggling and the need for additional clarification of matters of qualification from the side of the legislator.