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Presents the current scenario of higher education in relation to gender differences in Mexico. Provides some demographic and social data to serve as context. Gives comparison against the higher education of other Latin American countries and the rest of the world as well as showing the professional situation of female graduates. Highlights the disadvantages for women, even at higher education level in a social order of male predominance. Considers the prospects for change.

Racism, misogyny, and the propagation of politicomilitary violence are analyzed as an integral part of the construction of Western modernity. With a focus on German public culture, the author emphasizes the interplay of gender and race against the background of medical models, documenting how fears of natural disasters (women, Jews, refugees) and medical pathologies such as dirt and infection (bodily infestations) are continuously recycled to reinforce a racialist postmodern culture.

Clare Midgley, Women Against Slavery: The British Campaigns, 1780‐1870Moira Ferguson (ed.) The Hart Sisters: Early African Caribbean Writers, Evangelicals, and RadicalsMoira Ferguson, Colonialism and Gender from Mary Wollstonecraft to Jamaica Kincaid: East Caribbean ConnectionsDoris Y. Kadish and Françoise Massardier‐Kenney (eds) Translating Slavery: Gender and Race in French Women's Writing, 1783‐1823Michael Moon and Cathy N. Davidson (eds) Subjects and Citizens: Nation, Race, and Gender from Oroonoko to Anita Hill

To understand all the complexities and ramifications of the False Memory Syndrome Foundation's (FMSF) construct of False Memory Syndrome (FMS), we place FMS in the context of larger contemporary western cultural trends, including: anti-feminism; the deconstruction of mental illness; anti-psychiatry; and the postmodern deconstruction of truth and subjectivity. In these contexts, FMSF emerges as an accomplice of the mental health establishment and a leading force in the heteropatriarchal backlash against women.

In this essay I argue that war is not "above" gender analyses. I question in particular whether the concept of "postmodern war" is adequate to explain the intersections of gender with ethnicity and nationality, which underlie the sexual violence against women in wartime. The poststructuralist concept of the "fluidity" of the category of gender needs to be modified by an analysis of how "non-fluid" configurations of gender are entrenched in material conditions of existence.

Pornographic speech harms women by playing a key role in sustaining the social conditions through which women's liberty and equality are undercut. Though there is a principled moral and constitutional basis for pursuing a legal strategy in fighting pornography, we should not overestimate the effectiveness of the law or underestimate its potential dangers. The struggle against pornography must be waged through education, expressive exploration, and protest, not through the law.

Community News; Countering Hate Groups in Your Community; Kill, Spill, and Capitol Hill; ACT UP News, Campus Politics; Women; Men Form Coalition Against Rape; News from Voice for Choice; Jeanne Dunning Photography; Holly Near in Concert; Dear Ms. Hippie; Feminist Primer: Uterine Slavery and Violence; Uppers 'n' Downers; Lambda News; Book Review; Animal Rights; PSU Calendar of Events; PSN/ACT UP Plan Demonstration; Leger the Cat ; https://thekeep.eiu.edu/post_amerikan/1184/thumbnail.jpg

In most European countries, the horrific legacy of 1939–45 has made it quite difficult to remember the war with much glory. Despite the Anglo-American memory narrative of saving democracy from totalitarianism and the Soviet epic of the Great Patriotic War, the fundamental experience of war for so many Europeans was that of immense personal losses and often meaningless hardships. The anthology at hand focuses on these histories between the victors: on the cases of Hungary, Estonia, Poland, Austria, Finland, and Germany and on the respective, often gendered experiences of defeat. The book's chapters underline the asynchronous transition to peace in individual experiences, when compared to the smooth timelines of national and international historiographies. Furthermore, it is important to note that instead of a linear chronology, both personal and collective histories tend to return back to the moments of violence and loss, thus forming continuous cycles of remembrance and forgetting. Several of the authors also pay specific attention to the constructed and contested nature of national histories in these cycles. The role of these 'in-between' countries – and even more their peoples' multifaceted experiences – will add to the widening European history of the aftermath, thereby challenging the conventional dichotomies and periodisations. In the aftermath of the seventieth anniversary of 1945, it is still too early to regard the post-war period as mere history, the memory politics and rhetoric of the Second World War and its aftermath are again being used and abused to serve contemporary power politics in Europe

"In Emergent Masculinities, Ndubueze L. Mbah argues that the Bight of Biafra region's Atlanticization-or the interaction between regional processes and Atlantic forces such as the slave trade, colonialism, and Christianization-between 1750 and 1920 transformed gender into the primary mode of social differentiation in the region. He incorporates over 250 oral narratives of men and women across a range of social roles and professions with material culture practices, performance traditions, slave ship data, colonial records, and more to reveal how Africans channeled the socioeconomic forces of the Atlantic world through their local ideologies and practices. The gendered struggles over the means of social reproduction conditioned the Bight of Biafra region's participation in Atlantic systems of production and exchange, and defined the demography of the region's forced diaspora. By looking at male and female constructions of masculinity and sexuality as major indexes of social change, Emergent Masculinities transforms our understanding of the role of gender in precolonial Africa and fills a major gap in our knowledge of a broader set of theoretical and comparative issues linked to the slave trade and the African diaspora"--

Den fünf Beiträgen (des Thementeils) ist gemeinsam, dass sie der Grundsatzfrage nachgehen: Wie gestaltet sich Gender in Bildung und Erziehung, und welche Rolle spielen dabei Bildungseinrichtungen - ob privat oder öffentlich? Die Geschichte zeigt, dass die öffentlichen Institutionen je nach Epoche und Ort teils zur ausdrücklichen, teils zur unreflektierten Benachteiligung von Mädchen und Frauen wesentlich beitragen. Deutlich wird aber auch, dass gezielte Politikmaßnahmen der öffentlichen Behörden - dazu zählen seit wenigen Jahrzehnten auch die supranationalen Organisationen - sich positiv auswirken können. Die quantitativ wachsende weibliche Bildungsbeteiligung in den Ländern der OECD ist ein nicht zu leugnender und ein hochzuhaltender Indikator. Aber im gesellschaftlichen und im pädagogischen Alltag sind es dann doch die überlieferten, oft von regionalen und nationalen Kulturen geprägten Vorurteile und Alltagstheorien der einzelnen Menschen, die Gender - immer in Verbindung mit dem sozioökonomischen Status und der ethnischen Zugehörigkeit - zu einer einengenden oder zu einer befreienden Kategorie machen. Das konkrete Handeln der erziehenden und der lehrenden Frauen und Männer ist in dieser Hinsicht ebenso wenig erforscht wie offensichtlich folgenreich. (DIPF/Orig.)

The present paper aims to evaluate persons' with disabilities, nongovernmental organisations' (NGO) and Office's of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson role and activities' impact in solving specific cases of discrimination. In this paper the impact of person and organisation is analysed in the context of Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson received complains of possible discrimination because of disability during January 2016 – April 2017 and data of interviews with NGO and Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson representatives. The activity of people who faced discrimination because of their disability is seen as an important condition in seeking to reinstate violated rights. The role of the person with disability in reinstating violated rights includes identifying discriminating conditions and violated rights, understanding competences of organisations protecting equal opportunities and rights (knowing where to ask for help), choosing the best way and strategy for reinstating violated rights, the expression of citizenship of persons with disabilities and their representatives, position of defender of violated rights (characterized by person's persistence, complying with one's position, related to clear identification of discriminating situation). This research shows that persons with disabilities expression of citizenship in participating in the process of reinstating violated rights, is revealed by observation of implementation of new projects and reconstructions, related to environments adaptation for persons with disabilities, queries and reaction, attention to other people's with disabilities who experienced social injustice and to their motivation to protect violated rights, sharing experience of protecting violated rights, using available tools to educate, inform society and representatives of different organisations, by showing personal example. Results of the research show how persons with disabilities level of activity while taking part in the process of defending violated rights is connected to sex, age and experience in NGO work or in the field of equal opportunities. Analysis of the claims presented to the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson displays that during the period of research most actively defending their (possibly) violated rights were middle-aged (40-60 years) males with movement disabilities, mostly complaining about buildings and other objects not being adapted to people with disabilities, unequal benefits and other forms of financial injustice. Results of the research revealing achievements of NGO, their competences and focus, allows us to talk about NGO as subjects having power and able to represent persons with disabilities in reinstating their violated rights and possibilities. Individual impact of NGO for discriminated persons manifests by enabling them through consultations, providing information, redirecting to competent organisations and direct representation addressing to discriminating person / organisation, institutions ensuring implementation of equal rights or court. The NGO influence revealed during research to policy makers and legislators discussing and negotiating specific laws and regulations, to governmental and municipal organisations' activities and to suppliers of goods and services providing educating work and solving discriminating situations, is also beneficial to all persons with disabilities or separate groups of persons with disabilities. The research shows collective and individual impact of the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson in the context of analysed cases of disability discrimination during the research time and collected data from interviews with representatives of NGO and the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson. During the analysed period, the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson influenced policy makers and legislators (who adapted laws and regulations, based on recommendations of the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson), to suppliers of goods and services (who adjusted environment and provided equal opportunities to access of services the same as other persons, based on the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson recommendations,), employers (who acknowledged discrimination fact; providing consultations about new Labour Code). The findings of this study indicates that in some cases just opening an investigation by the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson and demanding the information about discriminating behaviour or conditions alone is enough as mean of influence. In some cases, individual and / or collective impact of the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson is achieved without opening an investigation, only by redirecting a complaint to other relevant organisation(s). An impact assessment of the role and activities of individual and institutions in the context of specific cases of discrimination allows us to identify interactions and cooperation of individual and different institutions seeking to reinstate violated equal opportunities and rights of a person with disabilities. The role and activities of different institutions and individual is revealed by engaging in these stages of reinstating equal opportunities and rights (or some of them): identifying discriminating situation – defining the problem, taking over the solution to the discriminatory problem, solving the discriminatory problem and sharing the results of the solution – publicity. In the context of specific cases, discovered impact of different institutions shows importance of interpersonal, interinstitutional and intersectoral cooperation in seeking reinstate violated opportunities and rights of persons with disabilities. During the investigation period the greatest difficulties, while seeking to reinstate violated opportunities and rights of persons with disabilities, were caused by insufficient cooperation between state and municipal institutions and organisations and the creation of obstacles to solving a discriminatory situation. Problems were also caused by the suppliers of services unwillingness to cooperate and ignoring of appeals made by the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson as well as the lack of unity of people with disabilities.

The present paper aims to evaluate persons' with disabilities, nongovernmental organisations' (NGO) and Office's of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson role and activities' impact in solving specific cases of discrimination. In this paper the impact of person and organisation is analysed in the context of Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson received complains of possible discrimination because of disability during January 2016 – April 2017 and data of interviews with NGO and Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson representatives. The activity of people who faced discrimination because of their disability is seen as an important condition in seeking to reinstate violated rights. The role of the person with disability in reinstating violated rights includes identifying discriminating conditions and violated rights, understanding competences of organisations protecting equal opportunities and rights (knowing where to ask for help), choosing the best way and strategy for reinstating violated rights, the expression of citizenship of persons with disabilities and their representatives, position of defender of violated rights (characterized by person's persistence, complying with one's position, related to clear identification of discriminating situation). This research shows that persons with disabilities expression of citizenship in participating in the process of reinstating violated rights, is revealed by observation of implementation of new projects and reconstructions, related to environments adaptation for persons with disabilities, queries and reaction, attention to other people's with disabilities who experienced social injustice and to their motivation to protect violated rights, sharing experience of protecting violated rights, using available tools to educate, inform society and representatives of different organisations, by showing personal example. Results of the research show how persons with disabilities level of activity while taking part in the process of defending violated rights is connected to sex, age and experience in NGO work or in the field of equal opportunities. Analysis of the claims presented to the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson displays that during the period of research most actively defending their (possibly) violated rights were middle-aged (40-60 years) males with movement disabilities, mostly complaining about buildings and other objects not being adapted to people with disabilities, unequal benefits and other forms of financial injustice. Results of the research revealing achievements of NGO, their competences and focus, allows us to talk about NGO as subjects having power and able to represent persons with disabilities in reinstating their violated rights and possibilities. Individual impact of NGO for discriminated persons manifests by enabling them through consultations, providing information, redirecting to competent organisations and direct representation addressing to discriminating person / organisation, institutions ensuring implementation of equal rights or court. The NGO influence revealed during research to policy makers and legislators discussing and negotiating specific laws and regulations, to governmental and municipal organisations' activities and to suppliers of goods and services providing educating work and solving discriminating situations, is also beneficial to all persons with disabilities or separate groups of persons with disabilities. The research shows collective and individual impact of the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson in the context of analysed cases of disability discrimination during the research time and collected data from interviews with representatives of NGO and the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson. During the analysed period, the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson influenced policy makers and legislators (who adapted laws and regulations, based on recommendations of the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson), to suppliers of goods and services (who adjusted environment and provided equal opportunities to access of services the same as other persons, based on the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson recommendations,), employers (who acknowledged discrimination fact; providing consultations about new Labour Code). The findings of this study indicates that in some cases just opening an investigation by the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson and demanding the information about discriminating behaviour or conditions alone is enough as mean of influence. In some cases, individual and / or collective impact of the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson is achieved without opening an investigation, only by redirecting a complaint to other relevant organisation(s). An impact assessment of the role and activities of individual and institutions in the context of specific cases of discrimination allows us to identify interactions and cooperation of individual and different institutions seeking to reinstate violated equal opportunities and rights of a person with disabilities. The role and activities of different institutions and individual is revealed by engaging in these stages of reinstating equal opportunities and rights (or some of them): identifying discriminating situation – defining the problem, taking over the solution to the discriminatory problem, solving the discriminatory problem and sharing the results of the solution – publicity. In the context of specific cases, discovered impact of different institutions shows importance of interpersonal, interinstitutional and intersectoral cooperation in seeking reinstate violated opportunities and rights of persons with disabilities. During the investigation period the greatest difficulties, while seeking to reinstate violated opportunities and rights of persons with disabilities, were caused by insufficient cooperation between state and municipal institutions and organisations and the creation of obstacles to solving a discriminatory situation. Problems were also caused by the suppliers of services unwillingness to cooperate and ignoring of appeals made by the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson as well as the lack of unity of people with disabilities.

The present paper aims to evaluate persons' with disabilities, nongovernmental organisations' (NGO) and Office's of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson role and activities' impact in solving specific cases of discrimination. In this paper the impact of person and organisation is analysed in the context of Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson received complains of possible discrimination because of disability during January 2016 – April 2017 and data of interviews with NGO and Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson representatives. The activity of people who faced discrimination because of their disability is seen as an important condition in seeking to reinstate violated rights. The role of the person with disability in reinstating violated rights includes identifying discriminating conditions and violated rights, understanding competences of organisations protecting equal opportunities and rights (knowing where to ask for help), choosing the best way and strategy for reinstating violated rights, the expression of citizenship of persons with disabilities and their representatives, position of defender of violated rights (characterized by person's persistence, complying with one's position, related to clear identification of discriminating situation). This research shows that persons with disabilities expression of citizenship in participating in the process of reinstating violated rights, is revealed by observation of implementation of new projects and reconstructions, related to environments adaptation for persons with disabilities, queries and reaction, attention to other people's with disabilities who experienced social injustice and to their motivation to protect violated rights, sharing experience of protecting violated rights, using available tools to educate, inform society and representatives of different organisations, by showing personal example. Results of the research show how persons with disabilities level of activity while taking part in the process of defending violated rights is connected to sex, age and experience in NGO work or in the field of equal opportunities. Analysis of the claims presented to the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson displays that during the period of research most actively defending their (possibly) violated rights were middle-aged (40-60 years) males with movement disabilities, mostly complaining about buildings and other objects not being adapted to people with disabilities, unequal benefits and other forms of financial injustice. Results of the research revealing achievements of NGO, their competences and focus, allows us to talk about NGO as subjects having power and able to represent persons with disabilities in reinstating their violated rights and possibilities. Individual impact of NGO for discriminated persons manifests by enabling them through consultations, providing information, redirecting to competent organisations and direct representation addressing to discriminating person / organisation, institutions ensuring implementation of equal rights or court. The NGO influence revealed during research to policy makers and legislators discussing and negotiating specific laws and regulations, to governmental and municipal organisations' activities and to suppliers of goods and services providing educating work and solving discriminating situations, is also beneficial to all persons with disabilities or separate groups of persons with disabilities. The research shows collective and individual impact of the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson in the context of analysed cases of disability discrimination during the research time and collected data from interviews with representatives of NGO and the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson. During the analysed period, the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson influenced policy makers and legislators (who adapted laws and regulations, based on recommendations of the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson), to suppliers of goods and services (who adjusted environment and provided equal opportunities to access of services the same as other persons, based on the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson recommendations,), employers (who acknowledged discrimination fact; providing consultations about new Labour Code). The findings of this study indicates that in some cases just opening an investigation by the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson and demanding the information about discriminating behaviour or conditions alone is enough as mean of influence. In some cases, individual and / or collective impact of the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson is achieved without opening an investigation, only by redirecting a complaint to other relevant organisation(s). An impact assessment of the role and activities of individual and institutions in the context of specific cases of discrimination allows us to identify interactions and cooperation of individual and different institutions seeking to reinstate violated equal opportunities and rights of a person with disabilities. The role and activities of different institutions and individual is revealed by engaging in these stages of reinstating equal opportunities and rights (or some of them): identifying discriminating situation – defining the problem, taking over the solution to the discriminatory problem, solving the discriminatory problem and sharing the results of the solution – publicity. In the context of specific cases, discovered impact of different institutions shows importance of interpersonal, interinstitutional and intersectoral cooperation in seeking reinstate violated opportunities and rights of persons with disabilities. During the investigation period the greatest difficulties, while seeking to reinstate violated opportunities and rights of persons with disabilities, were caused by insufficient cooperation between state and municipal institutions and organisations and the creation of obstacles to solving a discriminatory situation. Problems were also caused by the suppliers of services unwillingness to cooperate and ignoring of appeals made by the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson as well as the lack of unity of people with disabilities.

The present paper aims to evaluate persons' with disabilities, nongovernmental organisations' (NGO) and Office's of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson role and activities' impact in solving specific cases of discrimination. In this paper the impact of person and organisation is analysed in the context of Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson received complains of possible discrimination because of disability during January 2016 – April 2017 and data of interviews with NGO and Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson representatives. The activity of people who faced discrimination because of their disability is seen as an important condition in seeking to reinstate violated rights. The role of the person with disability in reinstating violated rights includes identifying discriminating conditions and violated rights, understanding competences of organisations protecting equal opportunities and rights (knowing where to ask for help), choosing the best way and strategy for reinstating violated rights, the expression of citizenship of persons with disabilities and their representatives, position of defender of violated rights (characterized by person's persistence, complying with one's position, related to clear identification of discriminating situation). This research shows that persons with disabilities expression of citizenship in participating in the process of reinstating violated rights, is revealed by observation of implementation of new projects and reconstructions, related to environments adaptation for persons with disabilities, queries and reaction, attention to other people's with disabilities who experienced social injustice and to their motivation to protect violated rights, sharing experience of protecting violated rights, using available tools to educate, inform society and representatives of different organisations, by showing personal example. Results of the research show how persons with disabilities level of activity while taking part in the process of defending violated rights is connected to sex, age and experience in NGO work or in the field of equal opportunities. Analysis of the claims presented to the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson displays that during the period of research most actively defending their (possibly) violated rights were middle-aged (40-60 years) males with movement disabilities, mostly complaining about buildings and other objects not being adapted to people with disabilities, unequal benefits and other forms of financial injustice. Results of the research revealing achievements of NGO, their competences and focus, allows us to talk about NGO as subjects having power and able to represent persons with disabilities in reinstating their violated rights and possibilities. Individual impact of NGO for discriminated persons manifests by enabling them through consultations, providing information, redirecting to competent organisations and direct representation addressing to discriminating person / organisation, institutions ensuring implementation of equal rights or court. The NGO influence revealed during research to policy makers and legislators discussing and negotiating specific laws and regulations, to governmental and municipal organisations' activities and to suppliers of goods and services providing educating work and solving discriminating situations, is also beneficial to all persons with disabilities or separate groups of persons with disabilities. The research shows collective and individual impact of the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson in the context of analysed cases of disability discrimination during the research time and collected data from interviews with representatives of NGO and the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson. During the analysed period, the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson influenced policy makers and legislators (who adapted laws and regulations, based on recommendations of the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson), to suppliers of goods and services (who adjusted environment and provided equal opportunities to access of services the same as other persons, based on the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson recommendations,), employers (who acknowledged discrimination fact; providing consultations about new Labour Code). The findings of this study indicates that in some cases just opening an investigation by the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson and demanding the information about discriminating behaviour or conditions alone is enough as mean of influence. In some cases, individual and / or collective impact of the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson is achieved without opening an investigation, only by redirecting a complaint to other relevant organisation(s). An impact assessment of the role and activities of individual and institutions in the context of specific cases of discrimination allows us to identify interactions and cooperation of individual and different institutions seeking to reinstate violated equal opportunities and rights of a person with disabilities. The role and activities of different institutions and individual is revealed by engaging in these stages of reinstating equal opportunities and rights (or some of them): identifying discriminating situation – defining the problem, taking over the solution to the discriminatory problem, solving the discriminatory problem and sharing the results of the solution – publicity. In the context of specific cases, discovered impact of different institutions shows importance of interpersonal, interinstitutional and intersectoral cooperation in seeking reinstate violated opportunities and rights of persons with disabilities. During the investigation period the greatest difficulties, while seeking to reinstate violated opportunities and rights of persons with disabilities, were caused by insufficient cooperation between state and municipal institutions and organisations and the creation of obstacles to solving a discriminatory situation. Problems were also caused by the suppliers of services unwillingness to cooperate and ignoring of appeals made by the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson as well as the lack of unity of people with disabilities.