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This paper examined the impact of financial integration on economic growth in Southern African Development Community (SADC) and Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) countries over the period 1993–2013. Using the Panel ARDL PMG Model developed by Pesaran and Shin, other control variables (trade openness, inflation, government expenditure, and institutional quality) were captured in the model. It was found that there is a significant and positive impact of financial integration on economic growth in the ECOWAS region in the long run. Whereas, even after controlling for necessary variables, financial integration exacerbates negative and insignificant effects in determining economic growth in the SADC region, both in the short run and long run. The insignificant and negative impact of financial integration on the region's economic growth was attributed to several possible factors, including the low level of financial development in the SADC region, which is unconnected with the poor level of governance, unstable and fragile financial stability, or low creditworthiness, that are prevalent in developing countries like those in SADC countries. The findings suggest, amongst others, that increasing financial integration could improve the productive capacity of the economy, including more investments and the efficient allocation of capital, thus enhancing economic growth in these regions. This paper sheds new insights on a better evaluation of the past and present theorizing on the subjects of financial integration and economic growth, especially in comparing the separate effects on the economies of the SADC and ECOWAS countries.

AbstractResearch shows that the labour market integration of refugees is often problematic. Little is known about what kind of measures are effective to help them integrate into the labour market. In the Netherlands, a positive psychology intervention "Mosaic" for Syrian refugees was developed to support their economic participation. This study aims to assess the effect of "Mosaic" on the economic participation and work‐related attitudes of Syrian refugees. "Mosaic" was implemented in six municipalities by conducting an RCT with a waiting list control group. The results show that in the short term, the intervention group realizes a significantly larger increase in hours spent on an internship as well as substantially larger gains in confidence to find work in the future. In the long term, the intervention group experiences larger confidence gains related to finding a job that fits their education and experience.

The Eurasian Economic Union, launched in 2015, is often seen with suspicion for ostensible domination by the Kremlin over those former Soviet republics that seek various benefits from reestablishing close links with Russia. Yet the very idea of intergovernmental integration implies that Russian influence can no longer be applied directly but has to be channeled through supranational institutions. In the context of globalization the Eurasian project can also be seen as an attempt to boost economic competitiveness of its members by reorienting the region from inherently unstable resource-based models into more sustainable ones, based on vibrant domestic industries. In practice, however, the EAEU has not yet demonstrated much economically, especially as far as mutual trade and investment are concerned, and after the recent resignation of the Kazakhstan's president Nursultan Nazarbaev as one of its earliest and most influential enthusiasts, there may also be political challenges to the very survival of the project.

Unctad I, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development held in Geneva in the spring of 1964, marked a major milestone in international concern with and approaches to the problems of less developed countries. The principal achievements of this mammoth, contentious, allegedly economic gathering, however, were in the political realm. Economic issues of great importance were raised but not resolved. Instead they were consigned for study and consideration to the elaborate continuing machinery born at Geneva, as well as to various previously established agencies, and eventually to the agenda for UNCTAD II, convened in New Delhi in early 1968.

Internal migration is one of the most significant consequences of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The social impacts of the war include the demographic changes in Ukrainian regions. We can identify the three groups of regions: (1) regions from where the population is forced to leave, (2) transit regions, as well as (3) recipient regions (those taking on the biggest burden due to the reception of internally displaced persons). In addition to purely humanitarian tasks (resettlement of people, providing them with food, medicines, etc.), regions and communities faced the task of ensuring their own economic stability as a stabilizing factor of the national economy in the midst of a complex military and political situation. The authors of the article propose to analyze the consequences of internal migration as drivers strengthening the labor potential in the Ukrainian recipient communities and recipient regions. It is substantiated that the human capital of internally displaced persons should be perceived as one of the drivers of local and regional development.
In the framework of the article, the argumentation is based on the assumption that the military actions are long-term (the "war of attrition" scenario), and after the end of military actions, internally displaced persons (IDPs) and relocated enterprises will not be able to return to the territory of their permanent residence for a long period of time (until the infrastructure is restored, the housing stock is reconstructed, and demining and other measures are completed).
According to this approach, it is necessary to clarify three levels of state regional policies: (1) placing IDPs in safe locations and ensuring satisfactory living conditions for them; (2) assisting in the use of IDP's human capital within the framework of the regional economy; (3) facilitating inclusive governance and the inclusion of IDPs in the life of host communities and regions. At the same time, the authors of the article emphasize the following: it is necessary to prevent the creation of institutional obstacles for the reintegration of IDPs into places of permanent residence, which can lead to disparities in regional and community development.

This article analyzes international migration within the framework of modern socioeconomic development, taking as an example the Yugoslav external migration in the period after World War II. How these migration flows fit with generalizations derived from long-run experiences with external migration of other countries is examined. General theoretical reasoning is applied in order to elucidate the basic determinants of migration, thus making a contribution to the integration of the theory and policy of economic development of emigration countries.

The international position of a currency is directly determined by the scale and manner of fulfilment of classic currency functions in the international context. Creation of the Economic and Monetary Union and the introduction of a new currency (euro) – even though the decision was strictly political – was well-received by entities of contemporary international economy, including its main participants and the players on the international currency market. The reason for such a reception was the potential of the economies in the euro area, and also structural conditions and expectations for creation of an international currency that was to be a real alternative to the US dollar. The possibility of diversification in the investment and reserve spheres as well as in reference, intervention, transfer and invoicing spheres was considered as a step in the right direction to limiting the domination of the US dollar on the market. Notwithstanding the increasing problems in euro area in the fiscal sphere and the real economy, particularly with the job market, one may agree that the latest economic crisis did not change the bipolar character of the international monetary system still based on the US dollar and the euro. However, it needs to be stressed that the euro remains rather a regional than a global currency.

Objective: The objective of the article is to studied phenomenon of international economic convergence applied to China.Research Design & Methods: The analysis methods, synthesis, economic and managerial comparativists, economic statistics, Hofstede method are used in this work.Findings: Authors have conducted comparative analysis of production and consumption within economic totalitarianism. This symbiosis of socialism and capitalism lies based on a convergent socio-economic system, the theoretical foundations of which reside at the beginning of creation.Implications & Recommendations: The changes in economic activity were tremendous at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century. It has been identified that the current world experience includes de-globalization, re-industrialization, new economics and management. The conducted research will be useful for trade policy development, international economic relations with investigated countries. Contribution & Value Added: The authors carried out an analysis of the cultures of the studied countries using the Greet Hofstede method. The role of Confucianism as a religion and philosophy in the economic development of China is revealed. The Chinese governance model is investigated that consists of three elements: democracy, experimentation between local and central government, meritocracy.

In recent years, tourism has become an important economic activity almost in all the countries of the world. It creates various direct, indirect and induced effects in the economy. Therefore, this paper investigates the relationship between international tourism revenue and economic growth, and their causality in Ethiopia using time series data over the period 1974-2017. Johansen's Co-integration test has been employed for the existence of a long-run relationship among the variables and VECM short-run dynamics. Granger Causality test has also been applied to examine the causal relationship between these variables. The results from Johansen co-integration test reveals a positive and statistically significant relationship between international tourism receipts and economic growth which is in support of tourism lead growth hypothesis for Ethiopian case. The Granger causality test also shows unidirectional relationship running from tourism receipt to economic growth in Ethiopia which is in the support of Tourism Lead Growth Hypothesis (TLGH). The speed of adjustment indicates 22.11% of the short run adjustment is made per year towards long-run equilibrium. Based on the findings the researcher suggests that the government should further improve and sustain tourism sector in order to generate the long run higher economic growth.