Suchergebnisse

Many governments have come to realize that the best way to manage natural resources is to include the resource users in order to increase legitimacy for governance. For the Sami reindeer industry, the Norwegian government has implemented two different management models in order to meet this challenge. On the one hand, there is a corporative management model where a few democratically elected reindeer owners represent the whole industry in the annual negotiations with the government. On the other hand, there is a co-management model where reindeer owners are represented in boards at the local, regional and national levels where the government has delegated a number of management functions. In addition, there is also a hierarchical administrative management system, with only public officials as employees. Nevertheless, through media, surveys and interviews, there has been observed some dissatisfaction among reindeer owners; they claim that the system is not inclusive. I argue that the election of reindeer owners to the different co-management boards and the election of reindeer owners to the corporative units have been challenging because it is difficult to establish systems of representation that are fair for everyone. I also argue that it is complicated to make such comprehensive systems work in practice, as initially planned on paper. Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag:Forvaltningen av reindriften i Norge – maktfordeling og deltakelseMyndigheter i mange land har erkjent at å innbefatte ressursbrukere i forvaltningsmessige beslutningsprosesser skaper en mer rettmessig forvaltningspolitikk. For å øke medvirkningen for ressursbrukere har norske myndigheter iverksatt to ulike forvaltningsmodeller i den samiske reindriften. På den ene siden er det innført et korporativt system hvor utvalgte reineiere representerer reindriften i de årlige forhandlingene med myndighetene. På den andre siden er det iverksatt et medforvaltningssystem hvor reineiere er representert i styrer på lokalt, regionalt og nasjonalt nivå. Staten har også delegert en del forvaltningsgjøremål til disse styrene. Likevel har det gjennom media, spørreundersøkelser og intervjuer, kommet frem at noen reineiere er misfornøyde med forvaltningssystemet og at de føler seg ekskludert fra deltakelse. Jeg argumenterer derfor for at oppnevningen av reineiere til de ulike medforvaltningsstyrene og oppnevning av reineiere til det korporative organ er en delvis uløst utfordring fordi det er vanskelig å etablere et representasjonssystem som føles rettferdig for alle. Jeg påviser også at det er vanskelig å få slike sammensatte systemer til å fungere like godt i praksis som de var planlagt.

Examines how civil society, public debate and freedom of speech affect natural resource governance. Drawing on the theories of Robert Dahl, Jurgen Habermas and Robert Putnam, the book introduces the concept of 'public brainpower', proposing that good institutions require: fertile public debate involving many and varied contributors to provide a broad base for conceiving new institutions; checks and balances on existing institutions; and the continuous dynamic evolution of institutions as the needs of society change. The book explores the strength of these ideas through case studies of 18 oil and gas-producing countries: Algeria, Angola, Azerbaijan, Canada, Colombia, Egypt, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Libya, Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Qatar, Russia, Saudi, UAE, UK and Venezuela.

"This comprehensive book intricately weaves together the disciplines of systems thinking, management, educational leadership, complexity science, and diversity. Unique in its approach, it bridges theoretical concepts with real-world applications providing educators, managers, and leaders with practical tools and strategies for implementing systems thinking in diverse educational and managerial contexts. This book is particularly valuable for those interested in emergent learning, future planning, and decision-making processes. Designed for a broad audience, this book is an ideal resource for those seeking to enhance their strategic thinking and decision-making skills in dynamic and diverse environments. Readers will find a thoughtful blend of theory and practice, with each chapter presenting examples and case studies that demonstrate the application of systems thinking in various scenarios. Whether you are an educator seeking innovative approaches to teaching and curriculum development, a manager looking to foster a more inclusive and systemic approach in your organization, or a leader navigating complex challenges, this book offers you valuable insights and guidance. It stands as a testament to the power of interdisciplinary thought and the importance of integrating diversity and complexity into management and educational practices"--

Due to the extensive use of nitrogen fertilizer in China, excess nitrogen has been discharged into groundwater, rivers, and the air, contributing to environmental problems such as eutrophication and the generation of greenhouse gases. In this research, an inter-industry analysis method and linear programming were used to design and assess integrated nitrogen resource management policies for Songyuan city, China. An inter-industry model was constructed using nitrogen mass balance. Based on our simulation results, we suggest optimal policies of integrated nitrogen resource management to support sustainable economic development in Songyuan city. We propose to increase organic fertilizer use instead of chemical fertilizer application within 4% along with installing a maximum of 16 units of biomass methane fermentation/power generation technologies in the city. These comprehensive policies would reduce nitrogen discharges by 513 thousand tons and create a net social benefit of 1,453 million yuan, accounting for about 1.5% of the region's gross regional product for 2010. The Chinese government should focus on efficient use of nitrogen resources in its agriculture and livestock industries by reducing chemical fertilizer application and increasing organic fertilizer.

"Find the answers to disaster and emergency management research questions with Disaster and Emergency Management Methods. Written to engage students and to provide a flexible foundation for instructors and practitioners, this interdisciplinary textbook provides a holistic understanding of disaster and emergency management research methods used in the field. The disaster and emergency management contexts have a host of challenges that affect the research process that subsequently shape methodological approaches, data quality, analysis and inferences. In this book, readers are presented with the considerations that must be made before engaging in the research process, in addition to a variety of qualitative and quantitative methodological approaches that are currently being used in the discipline. Current, relevant, and fascinating real-world applications provide a window into how each approach is being applied in the field. Disaster and Emergency Management Methods serves as an effective way to empower readers to approach their own study of disaster and emergency management research methods with confidence"--

AbstractDrawing on social information processing theory, the current study investigates the relationship between top management team (TMT) responsible leadership and employee organizational citizenship behavior for the environment (OCBE) from a vertical perspective, and whether green human resource management (GHRM) and employee environmental felt‐responsibility can play a sequential mediating role between them. Totally, 102 middle‐level managers and 527 employees in 102 Chinese teams voluntarily participated in our study. Drawing on above data, our study verifies that TMT responsible leadership was positively associated with both GHRM and employee environmental felt‐responsibility. In addition, GHRM mediated the positive effects of TMT responsible leadership and employee environmental felt‐responsibility. Also, GHRM can further promote employee OCBE through employee environmental felt‐responsibility. Overall, the positive relationship between TMT responsible leadership and employee OCBE was sequentially mediated by GHRM and employee environmental felt‐responsibility. Therefore, the current study shows the way to achieve corporate environmental sustainability strategy.

The research deals with the information system of public administration aimed at decision-making and communication with the society in a crisis. The system's functionality depends on adequacy of goal-setting and on correspondence of the chosen strategy to a crisis type which differ by social response. The author substantiates traditional model of crisis communications and information management for solving conflict crises, while consensus crises require participative model, and polemic crises are recommended to be managed by negotiation and dialogue facilitation model. The negotiation and dialogue facilitation model for managing polemic crises is aimed at realization of a communicative action concept advocated by J. Habermas. As long as modern complex crises require participation of multiple actors which have different visions of a crisis situation and specific interests, "crisis decision making in such context can be seen as a negotiation process" [16]. On the level of information processing the primary step is to discover both major crisis tendencies in each of the core social systems, and social groups whose opinions and interests should be considered. After that definition of possible crisis triggers, forecasting and crisis planning are realized taking into consideration interests and expert recommendations of different social groups' representatives. Two basic ways of coordination are suggested: public discussion of issues, or collaborative problem-solving. The first way requires organization of a public dialogue in a form of discussion, citizen jury, or negotiations. Coordination through collaborative problem-solving implies fragmentation of a complex subject which means reducing it into concrete practical questions that require discussion and decision-making. Communication within the framework of the described model is remarkable for the supra-communicative practice of facilitating the interaction of the crisis management participants.

The water industry is largely a natural monopoly. Water distribution and sewerage services are characterized by networks and its natural monopoly derives from the established local networks of drinking water and sewers: they are capital intensive with sunk costs and increasing returns to scale. In France, local communities have a local requirement of providing public services under optimum conditions in terms of techniques and cost‐effectiveness, and subject to respect different kind of standards in terms of water quality and level of services. They are responsible for producing and distributing drinking water, and collecting and treating wastewater. Furthermore, the French water utilities are required to be financially self‐sufficient. Rate‐setting varies across regions and local territories due to a variety of organizational features of services and availability of water resources. The management of these local public services can be public or private: local governments have the right, by the constitution, to delegate water service management to private companies which operate under the oversight of local municipal authorities. Today, nearly 80 per cent of the French population receive private distributed water. Different reasons are responsible for the poor performance and low productivity of most French public water utilities: technical and operational, commercial and financial, human and institutional, and environmental. Thus, many water public utilities have looked for alternative ways to provide water and sanitation services more efficiently, to improve both operational and investment efficiency, and to attract private finance. The purpose of this paper is to present the French organizational system of providing drinking water services, and collecting and treating wastewater services: legal aspects, contracts of delegation, and competition.

Competitive pressures will force major changes in inventory management in the next few years. Changes will result from businesses identifying and capitalising on the opportunities to manage their entire supply chains as single entities. Supply chain management techniques deal with the planning and control of total materials flow from suppliers through end‐users (see Figure 1).

Abstract In the current era of automation, the quality of the Regional Management Information System (SIMDA) is expected to produce quality information within the Local Government of Badung Regency. The purpose of this study was to obtain empirical evidence of the influence of the quality of the Regional Management Information System (SIMDA) in the Regional Apparatus Organization (OPD) of Badung Regency on the Quality of Information. At the same time, this study's specific objective is to obtain empirical evidence about the ability of User Satisfaction and Usability Perception to moderate the influence of the Quality of Regional Management Information Systems (SIMDA) in the Regional Apparatus Organization of Badung Regency on Information Quality. The number of respondents from 38 OPDs in Badung Regency is 135 people consisting of the Head of the Finance Subdivision, the Revenue Treasurer, the Shopping Treasurer, and the SIMDA Operators. The analysis tool uses simple regression techniques and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). This study concludes that the quality of SIMDA has a positive effect on the quality of information. User satisfaction significantly weakens the effect of SIMDA quality on information quality, while perceived usefulness significantly strengthens the effect of SIMDA quality on information quality.

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Internal control is at the heart of accountability for our nation's resources and how effectively government uses them. This testimony outlines the importance of internal control, summarizes the Congress's long-standing interest in internal control and the related statutory framework, discusses GAO's experiences and lessons learned from agency assessments since the early 1980s, and provides GAO's views on the Office of Management and Budget's (OMB) recent revisions to its Circular A- 123. GAO highlights six issues important to successful implementation of the revised Circular, specifically, the need for supplemental guidance and implementation tools; vigilance over the broader range of controls covering program objectives; strong support from managers throughout the agency, and at all levels; risk-based assessments and an appropriate balance between the costs and benefits of controls; management testing of controls in operation to assess if they are designed adequately and operating effectively; and management accountability for control breakdowns. Finally, GAO discusses its views on the importance of auditor opinions on internal control over financial reporting."

The three countries covered in this first report, Mali, Chad and Niger, share a number of common characteristics and face a similar set of challenges, which provides the foundation for this joint-review approach. All three are low-income landlocked economies. Each relies heavily on the agricultural sector as its primary source of income and livelihoods, and each has a large livestock subsector that is based in part on traditional nomadic pastoralism. All countries have important natural resource industries, gold for Mali, uranium and oil for Niger, and oil for Chad, which represent the bulk of export earnings and public revenue. This dependence on the primary sector renders these economies highly vulnerable to weather-related shocks and volatile commodity prices. Each is struggling to overcome a legacy of instability and violence, which is complicated both by the fragility of domestic socio-political conditions and the severity of regional security challenges. Finally, all three countries are members of a monetary union that uses a regional currency pegged to the euro and exercises significant influence over the macroeconomic policies of its member states. At the center of the trade-off between stabilization and development lies public investment management, at macroeconomic and financial management levels. Faced with repeated negative shocks, countries tend to cut ongoing and planned public investment projects which are often designed to reduce drivers of fragility and strengthen the resilience of economies, thus perpetuating risks of falling into fragility traps. Hence, Section three discusses the impact of public investment volatility on its quality in Chad, Mali and Niger, and explores possible options in terms of macroeconomic and public financial management to smooth public investment budget execution.