Suchergebnisse

This book provides analysis of the legal status of territories of the former Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir, considering potential opportunities for Kashmir conflict resolution. Containing a detailed survey of relevant legislation and international documents, chapters throughout this book investigate the attempts and failures of Kashmir conflict resolution, holding up factors which could enable more peaceful relations between India and Pakistan with inclusion of the inhabitants of the erstwhile Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir. The book goes further than outlining how India and Pakistan determine legal status of their portions of Kashmir by demonstrating the complexity of legal arrangements and why this protracted conflict is so difficult to resolve. As the Kashmir conflict is not only about territory and irredentism, themes such as cultural and national identity, power procurement, territorial security, communal rivalry, religious radicalisation, economic factors, and social issues are all taken into consideration. Law and Conflict Resolution in Kashmir will appeal to students and scholars of peace and conflict studies, international relations, international law studies, and South Asian studies.

This article suggests that the autonomy of international organisations stems not so much – or not only – from intentional action on the part of international organisations and their member states, but also results well-nigh inevitably from the exercise of autonomy by international organisations. Whenever organisations act, they affirm their autonomy, and their autonomy is affirmed by their audiences. This is illustrated by brief discussions of the three main settings in which international organisations operate: vis-à-vis their member states (discussing the proposed expulsion of Liberia from the League of Nations), their staff (discussing manifestations of McCarthyism in unesco), and the outside world (discussing the immunities of the un in relation to the Haiti cholera affair).

International legal research operates in the contemporary reality of an increasingly interdependent, complex world in which constant change is the order of the day. Not only are the numbers of international actors on the world stage changing (from 51 original members of the United Nations in 1945 to 157 United Nations member-states in 1982), but also changing are the concepts and methods of international law-making, as well as perceptions of the nature and sources of international law. The tremendous growth in the number of new states and international organizations has been accompanied by a corresponding expansion in world trade, international travel, and technological development, causing an unprecedented mass of legal material to appear on national, regional, and international levels. Simultaneously, an accelerated interaction among and between national and international legal systems is occurring through the various processes of unification and harmonization of laws, bilateral and multilateral treaty-making, international organization activity, international court and arbitration decisions, and international business transactions.

Identifying 'Indigenous' peoples in international law -- The United Nations Human Rights Committee and indigenous peoples -- Other UN human rights treaty bodies and indigenous peoples -- Regional human rights systems : indigenous property rights in land and natural resources -- Regional human rights systems : indigenous cultural, socio-economic and physical integrity rights.

Many European citizens are concerned about the concept of investor–state dispute settlement, which is frequently portrayed as giving companies the right to sue governments for lost profits in secret international courts. Those who favour US–EU collaboration, including through the ambitious Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership agreement, can assuage these concerns by explaining how investment treaties strengthen international law. Governments created investor–state dispute settlement for their own purposes, anchoring it deeply in the UN system through numerous multilateral conventions–-the most recent of which was adopted by the UN General Assembly in December 2014. By straying from this UN-based approach in its own response to public concerns, the European Commission might unfortunately weaken investor protection and the enforcement of international law. Its proposals on such issues as the right to regulate and the 'investment court system' should be reviewed in light of their impact on 50 years of international law.

The regimen I adopt shall be for the benefit of my patients according to my ability and judgment and not for their hurt or any wrong. I will give no deadly drug to any.… Whatsoever house I enter, there will I go for the benefit of the sick, refraining from all wrongdoing or corruption. … Whatsoever things I see or hear concerning the life of men, and my attendance upon the sick or even apart from them, which ought not to be noised abroad, I will keep silence thereon, counting such things to be as sacred secrets. (Hippocratic Oath)It was Reported in july 1979 that Dr. Luisa Mistrali-Guidotti, a missionary doctor serving in Zimbabwe-Rhodesia, had been shot and killed by government troops while making her rounds in her "familiar" ambulance car near Mtoko. She had previously been threatened with arrest for attending to wounded guerrillas. Except for the fact that she had been killed, rather than taken prisoner and mistreated or tortured, her case had much in common with that of Dr. Sheila Cassidy, who in 1976 had been imprisoned and tortured for her services to Allende supporters during the Chilean revolution. Incidents such as these serve to emphasize that the medical profession is as much prone to the risks of armed conflict as is everybody else.