Suchergebnisse

This article presents an analysis of Soviet law on the family which was valid in Lithuania from 1940, in order to ascertain how it reflected gender equality, how (or if) it was formed, the legal measures the state harnessed in order to create family and gender relation models in various areas of life, and what kind of family and gender policy formed as a result. The law is contextualised in this paper by immersing it in the social reality of its time. This allows us to determine what norms and provisions determined the political and legal resolutions of the Soviet authorities, and to discuss their influence on society. The two most impor-tant periods in Soviet gender policy are distinguished. Initially revolutionary and radical in Lithuania, with the aim of changing society to realise its goals, after the 1950s, state policy became more reactive, and adapted to the changed, modernised society and its needs. This paper proposes to see changes to women's situation during the Soviet period not as emancipation, but as (double) mobilisation. The reasons for the stagnation in masculinity in Soviet law and policy, for not keeping up with or adapting to the rapidly changing social reality, are also analysed. The contradictions in Soviet policy regarding the family and gender are shown, where it proved impossible to unambiguously apply 'conservative-liberal' or 'tradition-al-liberal' distinctions in both policy and reality.

This article presents an analysis of Soviet law on the family which was valid in Lithuania from 1940, in order to ascertain how it reflected gender equality, how (or if) it was formed, the legal measures the state harnessed in order to create family and gender relation models in various areas of life, and what kind of family and gender policy formed as a result. The law is contextualised in this paper by immersing it in the social reality of its time. This allows us to determine what norms and provisions determined the political and legal resolutions of the Soviet authorities, and to discuss their influence on society. The two most impor-tant periods in Soviet gender policy are distinguished. Initially revolutionary and radical in Lithuania, with the aim of changing society to realise its goals, after the 1950s, state policy became more reactive, and adapted to the changed, modernised society and its needs. This paper proposes to see changes to women's situation during the Soviet period not as emancipation, but as (double) mobilisation. The reasons for the stagnation in masculinity in Soviet law and policy, for not keeping up with or adapting to the rapidly changing social reality, are also analysed. The contradictions in Soviet policy regarding the family and gender are shown, where it proved impossible to unambiguously apply 'conservative-liberal' or 'tradition-al-liberal' distinctions in both policy and reality.

This article presents an analysis of Soviet law on the family which was valid in Lithuania from 1940, in order to ascertain how it reflected gender equality, how (or if) it was formed, the legal measures the state harnessed in order to create family and gender relation models in various areas of life, and what kind of family and gender policy formed as a result. The law is contextualised in this paper by immersing it in the social reality of its time. This allows us to determine what norms and provisions determined the political and legal resolutions of the Soviet authorities, and to discuss their influence on society. The two most impor-tant periods in Soviet gender policy are distinguished. Initially revolutionary and radical in Lithuania, with the aim of changing society to realise its goals, after the 1950s, state policy became more reactive, and adapted to the changed, modernised society and its needs. This paper proposes to see changes to women's situation during the Soviet period not as emancipation, but as (double) mobilisation. The reasons for the stagnation in masculinity in Soviet law and policy, for not keeping up with or adapting to the rapidly changing social reality, are also analysed. The contradictions in Soviet policy regarding the family and gender are shown, where it proved impossible to unambiguously apply 'conservative-liberal' or 'tradition-al-liberal' distinctions in both policy and reality.

This volume contains country studies on the school systems in Canada, England, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden. Important characteristics of the specific social and policy contexts, of the school system and of educational practise are described and analysed by renowned researchers of educational studies, based on a common analytical framework. The reports are original surveys, describing the characteristics of the conditions underlying each country's school systems as viewed by national experts. The country studies served as a basis for a comparative analysis of school systems

Introduction: the relationship between intellectual property and its physical embodiments / Jessica C. Lai and Antoinette Maget Dominicâe -- Understanding access to things : a knowledge commons perspective / Michael J. Madison -- Copyright and the new materialism / Dan L. Burk -- The copy in copyright / Peter K. Yu --A tale of two histories : the "invention" and its incentive theory / Jessica C. Lai -- The nebulous "invention": from "idea and embodiment" to "idea/embodiment and observable physical effects"? / Jessica C. Lai -- Digital lending and public access to knowledge / Giorgio Spedicato -- Patents, human biobanks and access to health : bridging the public-private divide / Aisling Mcmahon -- Tangible meets intangible : international trade in intellectual property / Susy Frankel -- Negotiations in WIPO for international conventions on traditional knowledge and traditional cultural expressions / Michael Blakeney -- In/tangible heritage, intellectual property and museum policy : exploring methods for respecting indigenous legal traditions / Catherine E. Bell, Jessica C. Lai and Laura K. Skorodenski -- Digital V analogue : reconceptualising the orphan works problem for cultural heritage institutions / Susan Corbett

Humanity has come to look up to education to take on any challenge encountered on its way. Consequently, a massive education expansion project commenced some seventy years ago. By 2020, however, this project had still been far from complete and far from being perfect. Deficiencies and shortcomings are salient on all three fronts of access to education, equality of education, and quality education. The ravages caused by the Covid-19 pandemic have also aggravated deficiencies in education worldwide and made it urgent to address shortcomings in education. The task's urgency to rebuild education to its rightful place in the post-pandemic world means there is no room for experimentation. Nations should be learning from one another regarding their experience with education. The thesis of this study is that the scholarly field of comparative and international education is ideally suited to guide this exercise, but in order to live up to its potential, one major challenge that has beset the field for most of its history, namely the theoretical-practical divide, needs to be overcome. If the pandemic can succeed in effecting such a change, it will be to the benefit of both the field and education. In using comparative and international education to guide the post-pandemic education project, education in the BRICS countries has a pivotal role. If the articles in this volume can assist in developing a vision for a post-pandemic global education project, it will be, also as a starting point to get comparativists to enter the realm of education praxis, worth the endeavour.

The conducted research is aimed to identify those patterns in which administrative culture is distinguished while addressing the immigrants' experiences related to administrative behaviour of state institutions and public servants in the host country. The conducted research particularly focuses on international students' experiences in Lithuania. Therefore the analysis draws insights using a qualitative survey data where the international students' of Kaunas municipality in Lithuania reveal their experiences, related to the behaviour of public service officials. For so, the conducted research explores students' socio-demographic characteristics in their relation to experiences while carrying administrative activities. Consequently, the data is being used to support and illustrate the given arguments in how administrative culture distinguishes itself in the migration-related performance field. The main findings from the analysed data support arguments that in those cases when migrant's situation is being addressed, the administrative culture of the host country is admitted to have its own distinctive features. The case study of Kaunas municipality of Lithuania reveals that the immigrant-related administrative culture distinguishes oneself while facilitating such features as (I) restrictiveness in language usage policy which in turn creates obstacles for immigrants to obtain optimal access to information and (II) features of not sufficiently responsive administrative behaviour. Overall, the originality and the value the research gives additional input by revealing in what way administrative culture distinguishes oneself while addressing the immigrants case and at the same time, indicates the scope for public leadership in migrant related public administration activity.

Bu çalışma, Türkiye Zeytinyağı sektörünün uluslararası rekabet gücünün analiz edilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Üç bölümden oluşan çalışmanın ilk bölümünde araştırmanın küreselleşme bağlamında dünya tarım ve gıda sektörünün genel görünümü açıklanmıştır. İkinci bölümde, zeytinyağı sektörü detaylı analize konu edilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde ise rekabet kavramı, rekabet gücü tanımları yapıldıktan sonra zeytinyağı sektörünün uluslararası rekabet gücü detaylı analiz edilmek üzere araştırma kapsamında ele alınan endeksler ile açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Zeytinyağı ihracat yoğunluğumuza göre belirlenen hedef pazarlarda, rakip ülkeler tespit edilmiş ve bu ülkeler karşısında Türkiye'nin rekabet avantajı hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda sonuç bölümünde zeytinyağı sektörünün geleceğine yönelik politika tedbirleri önerilmiştir. ; This study was conducted in order to analyze the international competitiveness of Turkey in the olive oil sector. In the first part of the study which consists of three sections, the general view of the world agriculture and food sector in the context of the globalization of the research is explained. In the second part, the olive oil sector is analyzed in detail. In the third chapter, after the definition of competitiveness, power of competitiveness is tried to be explained with the indices discussed within the scope of the research in order to analyze the international competitiveness of olive oil sector in detail. Olive oil export target markets determined by the intensity of our competitor countries have been identified and are calculated against these countries Turkey's competitive advantage. In line with the findings, policy measures for the future of the olive oil sector are proposed in the conclusion part.

The human resources management issues is a major challenge for the current and future international organizations, especially those of the non merchant sector, as the environmental context in which they operate is changing more and more quickly. Thus, beyond the mobilization and the gradual professionalization of volunteers to adapt their contribution to the missions of NGOs, these organizations are also experiencing a real need for personnel able to adapt without too much difficulty, the complexity of the local context whose evolution often proves unpredictable. But this labor, multiple and high skills, is often scarce on the local labor market. This finding essentially explains the presence of expatriates who work daily alongside local employees who may be employees and volunteers, and whose management requires a sufficiently coherent strategy with organizational goals and interests of these stakeholders. HRM strategy implementation within the subsidiaries shall submit their leaders to multiple challenges brought by a set of actors focused on different and even divergent interests. The model and HRM practices in any organization, reflect the dominant HRM strategy. During our research, we pay special attention to the evolution of HRM models (Pichault and Nizet, 2013) and strategy implemented in the training of local personnel by subsidiaries studied by relying on the theory of social regulation (Reynaud, 1997, 1999). The conclusions of our work indicate that the development of HRM strategy following a joint regulatory process appears best suited to international NGOs working in uncertain environment. ; Peer reviewed

La brecha jurídica entre el derecho internacional sobre el retorno de los desplazados internos y el derecho colombiano, y las brechas política y social entre estos y su implementación en Colombia entre 1997 y 2010, fueron determinadas por relaciones entre la política y el derecho que oscilaron desde la subordinación hasta la autonomía relativa del segundo frente a la primera. El derecho internacional sobre el retorno registra tensiones que resultaron de la mayor influencia de las políticas hegemónicas mundiales respecto de los principios jurídicos globales y de las políticas subalternas. La vinculación de estas tensiones con las disputas políticas en Colombia explica las brechas jurídica, social y política. La brecha jurídica fue mayor en la implementación de los mecanismos para el retorno debido a la supremacía hegemónica en los poderes legislativo y ejecutivo, y a los menores contrapesos judiciales. Esta brecha fue contrarrestada en el contenido del derecho al retorno producto del contrapeso judicial movilizado por sectores subalternos en la implementación legislativa y operativa, pero las brechas social y política fueron profundas debido al predominio hegemónico en un campo político antagonista caracterizado por la yuxtaposición de estados de excepción y normalidad. La revisión judicial de la Ley 975 de 2005 abrió oportunidades políticas y jurídicas para la movilización de los desplazados en Turbo por el retorno, motivada por el recuerdo de la vida campesina, el rechazo a la vida en recepción y las expectativas de justicia restitutiva despertadas por esta ley, que entraron en contradicción con reclamos de justicia distributiva. ; The legal gap between international law on the return of internally displaced persons and Colombian law, and the political and social gaps between them and their implementation in Colombia between 1997 and 2010, were determined by relations between politics and law that ranged from subordination to the relative autonomy of the second versus the first. International law on return registers tensions that resulted from the greater influence of global hegemonic policies regarding global legal principles and subaltern policies. The linking of these tensions with political disputes in Colombia explains the legal, social and political gaps. The legal gap was greater in the implementation of the mechanisms for the return due to the hegemonic supremacy in the legislative and executive powers, and to the minor judicial counterweights. This gap was offset in the content of the right to return as a result of the judicial counterweight mobilized by subaltern sectors in the legislative and operational implementation, but the social and political gaps were profound due to the hegemonic predominance in an antagonistic political field characterized by the juxtaposition of states of exception and normality. The judicial review of Law 975 of 2005 opened political and legal opportunities for the mobilization of the displaced in Turbo for return, motivated by the memory of peasant life, the rejection of life in reception and the expectations of restorative justice awakened by this law, which came into contradiction with claims of distributive justice. ; 2019-10-07: Script de automatizacion de embargos. Por medio de la presente me permito amablemente informarles que el acceso a la tesis titulada: "The Law and Politics del retorno de los desplazados internos:Las trayectorias del derecho al retorno entre la institucionalización internacional y la implementación en Colombia y Turbo: 1990-2011" que acabo de depositar (subir) en el repositorio institucional de la Universidad del Rosario, he definido su acceso en estado bloqueado debido a limitaciones de confidencialidad en su contenido, bajo las reglas del consentimiento informado otorgado por los entrevistados para esta tesis. Se trata de población en situación de desplazamiento que se encuentran bajo graves amenazas contra sus vidas y derechos, en razón a los procesos de retorno que se documentan en este material. Adicionalmente, se tiene prevista una publicación de la misma a nivel de libro en editorial académica y/o artículos de revistas indexada, previa revisión de los apartados que pueden comprometer la confidencialidad de las fuentes, buscando evitar cualquier riesgo para la población sujeto de la investigación. Adjunto para su conocimiento, acta de evaluación de la tesis por parte del jurado. Atentamente, JORGE ARTURO SALCEDO RAMIREZ cc 16797670 Doctorando en derecho cel: 3176697367

Will means that a person recommends that after his death such and such things should be done, or such and such thing out of his property will be the property of such and such person, or will be spent for charitable purposes, or he appoints someone as guardian of his children, or of those who are under his guardianship. The person to whom a Will is made is called executor (Wasi). If a person, who cannot speak, makes himself understood by means of signs, he can make a Will for anything he likes and his Will is in order. Although in some verses of the revealed priscripts (Aiat al-Ahkam) on Will, God expressly permits it, some of them (such as verses 181 and 182 of Al-Baqara Chapter), and also different ideas in agreement and disagreement with them and other views which confirm and complement the mentioned verses, the Will is divided into two categories: 1) Wills; 2) void and invalid Wills. These two must be sepearted from each other and the first category should be only taken into account. Islamic Jurists and legal scholars disagree on some of the issues and lwas regarding Will. The differences lie in derivatives rather than generalities of Muslim law. Iranian lawmaker, in accordance with his mission, has enacted relevant legislations based on Islamic laws and famous scholars' opinions on this particular issue. According to the above, much importance is on recognizing the laws requiring religious commandments, understanding relevant regulations and taking a correct action.