Suchergebnisse

The main role of an advocate is to help clients get a fair legal process. This role gives birth to high expectations of advocates so that clients give full confidence to advocates to represent their interests. But in practice, it is not uncommon for advocates to abuse the trust given by their clients. As recorded in the 2019 PERADI annual report which shows that advocates reported by their clients to the PERADI Honorary Board are increasing. Avocados do have immunity rights as regulated in Article 16 of Law No. 18 of 2003 concerning Advocates jo. the decision of the Constitutional Court through decision No. 26 / PUU-XI / 2013. But of course, advocates cannot always protect their immune rights, especially if advocates violate the law and harm the interests of their clients. This study aims to analyze the legal responsibilities of lawyers who violate the law while carrying out their profession and are bound in a legal services contract. This research is normative legal research. The approach used in this research is the conceptual approach, the legislation approach, and the case approach. This research concludes that even though law violations were carried out by lawyers while carrying out their profession and based on a contract, advocates remain responsible, both civil and criminal. While the right to immunity can only be used as a basis for legal protection when advocates in good faith in defending the interests of their clients. ; The main role of an advocate is to help clients get a fair legal process. This role gives birth to high expectations of advocates so that clients give full confidence to advocates to represent their interests. But in practice, it is not uncommon for advocates to abuse the trust given by their clients. As recorded in the 2019 PERADI annual report which shows that advocates reported by their clients to the PERADI Honorary Board are increasing. Avocados do have immunity rights as regulated in Article 16 of Law No. 18 of 2003 concerning Advocates jo. the decision of the Constitutional Court through decision No. 26 / PUU-XI / 2013. But of course, advocates cannot always protect their immune rights, especially if advocates violate the law and harm the interests of their clients. This study aims to analyze the legal responsibilities of lawyers who violate the law while carrying out their profession and are bound in a legal services contract. This research is normative legal research. The approach used in this research is the conceptual approach, the legislation approach, and the case approach. This research concludes that even though law violations were carried out by lawyers while carrying out their profession and based on a contract, advocates remain responsible, both civil and criminal. While the right to immunity can only be used as a basis for legal protection when advocates in good faith in defending the interests of their clients.

The objective of this work is to establish the notion of the criminal law of the enemy, from the area of criminality. Regarding the methodology, it is descriptive of bibliographic review. It is hypothesized that when faced with a regulation that determines the criminal law of the enemy, the chances of recidivism and concurrence of criminal groups in the social environment decrease. The criminal law of the enemy, implies the sanction or the treatment of cases of people or groups with risky behavior for the individual, and society. For example, the actions of criminal groups that put the State or a community in distress, kidnapping and murdering people with profit motive and to generate fear in the inhabitants, seek with criminal acts that the government "respect" them and that through their violence they can transgress the laws. Criminality based on armed groups, demand respect for the Constitution, however with kidnappings and murders they violate the laws, thus generating inequality and sensitive aspects such as comprehensive protection of the legal right, human rights and their incidence, which may merit the criminal law of the enemy with the scope of criminal law, taking into account the shortcomings of compliance with due process and legal incompatibilities in a state of law allows to contribute to the improvement of regulations regarding the criminal law of the enemy from the area of criminality ; El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo establecer la noción del derecho penal del enemigo, desde el área de la criminalidad. En lo que respecta a la metodología, es descriptiva de revisión bibliográfica. Se plantea la hipótesis que ante una normativa que determine el derecho penal del enemigo, disminuyen las probabilidades de reincidencia y concurrencia de grupos criminales en el entorno social. Así tenemos a Cancio Melia, quien señala que este derecho penal del enemigo no llega a estabilizar normas, sino que únicamente busca demonizar determinados grupos de infractores. El Derecho Penal del enemigo, implica la sanción o el tratamiento de casos de personas o grupos con un comportamiento riesgoso para el individuo, y la sociedad. Como, por ejemplo, la actuación de grupos criminales que ponen en zozobra al Estado o a una comunidad, secuestrando y asesinando a las personas con el afán de lucrar y generar temor en los habitantes, buscan que con hechos criminales el gobierno les "respete" y que a través de su violencia puedan trasgredir las leyes. La criminalidad fundada en los grupos armados, reclaman el respeto a la Constitución, sin embargo con los secuestros y asesinatos incumplen las leyes, generando de esta forma la desigualdad y aspectos sensibles como la protección integral hacia el bien jurídico, los derechos humanos y su incidencia, que puede ameritar al derecho penal del enemigo con el alcance del derecho penal, teniendo en cuenta las falencias del cumplimiento del debido proceso y las incompatibilidades jurídicas en un estado de derecho que permite contribuir al mejoramiento de las normativas respecto al derecho penal del enemigo desde el área de la criminalidad

There are good reasons to be initially hesitant about shaping criminal law rules to track the justice judgments of ordinary people. People seem to disagree about many criminal law issues. Their judgments, at least as reflected in many aspects of current law such as three strikes and high penalties for drug offenses, seem harsh to many. Effective crime control would seem to require the expertise of trained experts and scholars who understand the complexities of general deterrence and the identification and incapacitation of the dangerous. But this brief Essay, which reviews some previous studies and analyses, argues that distributing criminal liability and punishment according to the shared judgments of the community—so-called "empirical desert"—does not have the failings that many assume, such as those described above, and indeed ought to be preferred by both moral philosophers and crime-control utilitarians. It represents the best practical approximation of deontological desert. And it offers the greatest potential for effective crime control because, by tracking community views, the criminal law can build its moral credibility with the community and thereby harness the potentially enormous powers of social influence and internalized norms.

Judicial activism : a Nigerian experience P.G.E Umeadi (18 p.). -- Judicial activism or passivism in interpreting Nigerian constitution B. Obinna Okere (28 p.). -- How foreign are Nigerian laws Gabriel C.M Onyiuke (8 p.). -- Professional negligence : the medical profession Okay Achike (28 p.). -- Professional negligence : the medical profession A.B.C Iketuonye (14 p.). -- Professional negligence : the legal profession A.N Anyamene (8 p.). -- The place of customary law in the Nigerian legal system Chimere Ikoku (6 p.). -- Consumer protection Jadesola O Akande (10 p.). -- Land Use Act, 1978 : its application and problems J.A Omotala (6 p.). -- Pitfalls in advocacy E.U Ubaezuonu (14 p.). -- The concept of pleadings in modern advocacy C.O Akpamgbo (18 p.). -- The legal framework for environmental sanitation Obumneme Onwuamegbu (12 p.). -- Legal framework for environmental protection M.M Olisa (6 p.). -- The problems of court in criminal trials F.G.C Uyanna (11 p.). -- Sentencing in Nigerian courts C.O Okonkwo (18 p.). -- Prison system and reforms from the perspective of human rights in Nigeria Chimezie Ikeazor (11 p.). -- Prison and court congestion A Obi-Okoye (20 p.)

Janet Halley in conversation with Aziza Ahmed : interview -- Seismic shifts : how prosecution became the go-to tool to vindicate rights / Alice M. Miller with Tara Zivkovic -- The harm principle meets morality offenses : human rights, criminal law, and the regulation of sex and gender / Allison Liu Jernow -- Reflections of a human rights activist / Widney Brown -- Virtuous rights : on prostitution exceptionalism in South Korea / Sealing Cheng and Ae-Ryung Kim -- Brazilian sex laws : continuities, ruptures, and paradoxes / Sonia Corra and Maria Lucia Karam -- The reach of a skirt in southern Africa : claims to law and custom in protecting and patrolling relations of gender and sexuality / Oliver Phillips -- Abortion as treason : sexuality and nationalism in France / Mindy Jane Roseman -- Wanja Muguongo in convversation with Alice M. Miller : interview -- Criminal law, activism, and sexual and reproductive justice : what we can learn from the sex selection campaign in India / Geetanjali Misra and Vrinda Marwah -- Poisoned gifts : old moralities under new clothes? / Esteban Restrepo Saldarriaga -- The filth they bring: sex panics and racial others in Lebanon / Rasha Moumneh -- Objects in political mirrors may not be what they appear / Scott Long -- Harm production : an argument for decriminalization / Joanna N. Erdman.

Preface / Mauro Bussani & Lukas Heckendorn Urscheler -- Foreword / Lukas Heckendorn Urscheler -- Justice reform : the experience of the World Bank / Hassane Cissé -- The impact of the ILO "decent work" standard on national labour laws / Eve Landau -- International water norms and principles : impacts on law and policy development in India / Philippe Cullet -- The role of international environmental standards within the EU / Astrid Epiney -- The diversity of human rights instruments and their impact in Europe / Giorgio Malinverni -- The impact of international human rights law in China / Harro von Senger -- Legal reforms in the context of the financial crisis : the case of Portugal / Dário Moura Vicente -- The influence of EU legislation and international legal instruments on Swiss contract law / Franz Werro -- The impact of foreign legal models on company law reform in Russia / Alexander Komarov -- The impact of transnational comparativism on law in Latin America / Jorge L. Esquirol -- International and foreign factors in legal reform : risk and opportunities / H. Patrick Glenn -- Beyond legal comparison / Sabino Cassese -- Afterword / Mauro Bussani