Suchergebnisse

Chapter 1. From Loss to Hope. Paradoxical educational effects of the COVID-19 pandemic (Fernando M. Reimers) -- Chapter 2. Brazil. How two municipalities achieved above-average results in reading in the early years of elementary school during the Covid-19 pandemic (Carlos Palacios, Alicia Bonamino) -- Chapter 3. Post-pandemic crisis in Chilean education.The challenge of re-institutionalizing school education.(Cristián Bellei) -- Chapter 4. The Switch toDistance Teaching and Learning in Finland During the COVID-19 Pandemic(2020–2022) Went Technically Well but was Emotionally Challenging (Katariina Salmela-Aro and Jari Lavonen) -- Chapter 5. What Japan's education has lost and gained after almost succeeding in preventing the spread of infection and guaranteeing academic achievement?(Kan Hiroshi) -- Chapter 6. Understanding potential causes of learning loss in Mexico: Teachers´ perceptions regarding educational challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic (SergioCárdenas, Ignacio Ruelas, and Edson Sánchez) -- Chapter 7. The Fragility of the Norwegian Policy Response: How Relying on Digital Infrastructure and Local Autonomy Led to an Increase in Inequality in Education(Marte Blikstad-Balas) -- Chapter 8. Re-framing schools: what has been learned and remains in the post-covid period(Estela Costa & Mónica Baptista) -- Chapter 9. Pandemic lessons: Story of cooperation and competition in Russian education(Anastasia A. Andreeva, Diana O. Koroleva, Sergei G. Kosaretsky, and Isaak D. Frumin) -- Chapter 10. Singapore's endemic approach to education: Re-envisioning schools and learning(Oon Seng Tan, Jallene Jia En Chua) -- Chapter 11. Reforming education in times of pandemic: The case of Spain(Alejandro Tiana-Ferrer) -- Chapter 12. Fragility compounded: the state of the south african educational system in the aftermath of covid-19(Crain Soudien, Vijay Reddy and Jaqueline Harvey) -- Chapter 13. Leaning into the Leapfrog Moment: Redesigning American Schools in a Post-Pandemic World(R. Lennon Audrain & Carole G. Basile).

This book improves our understanding of battlefield coalitions, providing novel theoretical and empirical insight into their nature and capabilities, as well as the military and political consequences of their combat operations. The volume provides the first dataset of battlefield coalitions, uses primary sources to understand how non-state actors of varying types form such groupings, reports interviews with policymakers illuminating North Atlantic Treaty Organization operations, and uses cases studies of various wars waged throughout the nineteenth, twentieth, and twenty-first centuries to understand how other such collectives have operated. Part I introduces battlefield coalitions as an object of study, demonstrating how they are distinct from other wartime collectives. Using a novel dataset of actors fighting in 492 battles during interstate wars waged between 1900 and 2003, it provides, for the first time, a comprehensive portrait of the universe of battlefield coalitions. Part II explores processes and dynamics involved in the formation of battlefield coalitions, addressing how potential coalition members prepare for future battles in peacetime (as well as the consequences of such preparations) and the dynamics of mission design. Part III focuses on how battlefield coalitions are organised and fight when combat ensues, notably their decision-making rules and practices, command structures, and learning capacities. Part IV addresses three curious tendencies observed in the operations of battlefield coalitions: partners under-providing effort in combat, rebels and terrorist networks persisting in cooperation even when their interests diverge, and members defecting from the collective. Part V concludes with a chapter outlining for future researchers what we know about battlefield coalitions and what remains to be understood.

The Routledge Handbook of the Political Economy of Sanctions examines the core issues and debates surrounding this controversial topic, introducing readers to essential concepts and terms. It communicates the evolving character of international sanctions from diverse perspectives, with a particular emphasis on questions of efficacy, legality, and legitimacy of sanctions, as well as the mechanisms by which they are applied. This interdisciplinary book explores the international political economy of sanctions in the constantly changing context of geopolitical rivalry. The authors investigate various theoretical and historical approaches to sanctions and apply these to specific case studies, such as the African Union, China, Cuba, India, Russia, Turkey, and the United States. The book gives a voice to sanctioned states and considers the impact of secondary sanctions. It analyses sanctions with reference to wider political debates, such as national security, state sovereignty, economic warfare, and sustainability.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- 1. Introduction -- Chapter Outlines -- 2. The Philosophical and Psychological Background: British Empiricism and Psychological Hedonism -- Introduction -- British Empiricism -- Bentham's Utilitarianism -- Associationism -- Conclusions -- 3. Classical Economists: Psychological Assumptions and Economic Motives -- Introduction -- Adam Smith (1723-1790) -- Other Classical Economists: Whately, Longfield, Cairnes, Senior, and Rae -- John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) -- Conclusions -- 4. The Precursors of Marginalists: Utility and the Subjective/Psychological Theory of Value -- Introduction -- Three Main Precursors: Lloyd, Banfield, and Gossen -- The Work of Richard Jennings: The Peak of the Early Interaction between Economics and Psychology -- Conclusions -- 5. Economics and Psychology during and after the Marginal Revolution -- Introduction -- First Marginalist Generation: Homo Economicus -- Psychological Hedonism in Early Neoclassical Economics -- The Emergence of the Paretian Turn -- Anti-Psychologism: The Completion of the Paretian Turn -- Conclusions -- 6. The Role of Psychology in the Non-Mainstream Tradition: Old Institutionalists, Herbert Simon, and Other Dissenters -- Introduction -- Thorstein Veblen (1857-1929): Critique and Alternatives to Hedonistic Psychology -- Old Institutionalist Economics and Psychology -- J. M. Keynes (1883-1946) and Psychological Processes -- The Psychological Economics of George Katona (1901-1981) -- The Behavioural Economics of Harvey Leibenstein (1922-1994) -- Herbert Simon (1916-2001): Procedural Rationality -- Tibor Scitovsky (1910-2002): Lessons from Psychology -- Social Status: James Duesenberry (1918-2009) and Fred Hirsch (1931-1978) -- Conclusions -- 7. Economics and Psychology: Current Trends.

Focused on a set of overlapping international orders of regional scope present in the Middle East and North Africa, this book argues that rules and primary institutions have sanctioned the foreign behavior of the sub-system's international actors since 1945. The author avoids recent IR trends focused on narrow case studies, instead providing a comprehensive overview of the MENA's regional politics. The normative content and evolution of multiple international orders are examined, constituting the intra-Arab order, the Arab-Israeli order and the Arab-Iranian order, as well as the expression of the global order in regional interactions. Drawing on Area Studies and English School and constructivist IR theories, the author argues that a plurality of overlapping regional orders have coexisted since 1945, not just one as is commonly suggested in the literature. Each of these orders is integrated by different participants and has developed its own differentiated norms and institutions setting parameters on legitimate behavior. This analytical proposal helps make sense of foreign relations otherwise labeled as incoherent.

Chapter 1 Introduction -- Part 1 Transnational spaces -- Chapter 2 Hallyu 2.0 and Social Media in Manipur: Examining cultural formations through User Generated Content -- Chapter 3 Transnational Spaces of Digital Activism: Online Protests, Hashtag Culture, and Hysteria in Indian Digital Spaces -- Part 2 Social mediations -- Chapter 4 FoundItOnAmazon as Popular Media Practice: The Cultural Politics of influencer marketing campaigns on Instagram -- Chapter 5 Of friendship, love, and community: Dalit girlhood on TikTok -- Part 3 Rebuilding identities -- Chapter 6 Figure of the Domestic Worker in "Maid In Heaven": Study of Digital Untouchability in Contemporary Media -- Chapter 7 Gaze and Queer Autonomy? Representations and Possibilities on New Visual Media Landscapes in Indian Context.

1. Introduction: Integration in and through Education and Employment -- PART I THE SWEDISH CONTEXT -- 2. Migrants Successfully Accessing their Vocation in Sweden: The Significance of Labour Market Initiatives to Facilitate the Integration -- 3. Understanding Recognition of Prior Learning as a Tool for the Labour Market Integration of Skilled Migrants -- 4. Potential, Actuality or Vulnerability? The Importance of Recognition in Career Counselling for Newly Arrived Migrants -- 5. Important Encounters for Education and Employment -- 6. Education for Access to The Swedish Labour Market and Society: A Historical Comparison of Practices for the Integration of Immigrants in the 1960s and Early 2000s -- 7. Integration as a Conceptual Resource When Studying Skilled Migrants in the Workplace -- 8. Integration and the Art of Making a Society – The Case of Swedish Society -- PART II THE SWISS AND NORWEGIAN CONTEXTS -- 9. Successful Integration of Refugees in Vocational Education and Training: Experiences from a New Pre-Vocational Programme -- 10. 'Open Sesame': Skilled Immigrants' Experiences with Bridging Programmes in the Validation Process in Norway -- 11. Multicultural Perspectives in Driving Instructor Education and Driving Schools for Professional Drivers in Norway -- 12. Concluding Remarks.