Suchergebnisse

This work was supported by the Spanish ISCIII Health Research Fund and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) through research grants PI12/01097, PI15/02015, and PI18/00337 (to F.M.). The CECEyU and CSyF of the Junta de Andalucia FEDER/European Cohesion Fund (FSE) for Andalusia provided the following research grants: 2016000073391-TRA, 2016000073332-TRA, PI-57069, and PAIDI-Bio326 (to F.M.) and PI-0407/2012 (to P.M). P.M. was supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 through grant agreement no. 329284 (People Marie Curie Actions, Intra-European Fellowship [IEF], call: FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF) and by the Spanish ISCIII Health Research Fund through a postdoctoral fellowship "Sara Borrell" (CD09/00200). M.T.M. is funded by MCI through a fellowship FPU16/05467. A.G. is supported by funds from AFM-Telethon. We thank Dr. Claire Booth and Dr. Inmaculada Herrera for providing HDs and WAS patient blood samples and Ailsa Greppy for technical support with the animals (Western Labs, ICH-UCL). Some figures were created with BioRender.com. ; Supplemental Information can be found online at https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.omtm.2020.09.006. ; Transplant of gene-modified autologous hematopoietic progenitors cells has emerged as a new therapeutic approach for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), a primary immunodeficiency with microthrombocytopenia and abnormal lymphoid and myeloid functions. Despite the clinical benefits obtained in ongoing clinical trials, platelet restoration is suboptimal. The incomplete restoration of platelets in these patients can be explained either by a low number of corrected cells or by insufficient or inadequate WASP expression during megakaryocyte differentiation and/or in platelets. We therefore used in vitro models to study the endogenous WASP expression pattern during megakaryocytic differentiation and compared it with the expression profiles achieved by different therapeutic lentiviral vectors (LVs) driving WAS cDNA through different regions of the WAS promoter. Our data showed that all WAS promoter-driven LVs mimic very closely the endogenous WAS expression kinetic during megakaryocytic differentiation. However, LVs harboring the full-length (1.6-kb) WAS-proximal promoter (WW1.6) or a combination of the WAS alternative and proximal promoters (named AW) had the best behavior. Finally, all WAS-driven LVs restored the WAS knockout (WASKO) mice phenotype and functional defects of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from a WAS patient with similar efficiency. In summary, our data back up the use of WW1.6 and AW LVs as physiological gene transfer tools for WAS therapy. ; Spanish ISCIII Health Research Fund ; European Commission PI12/01097 PI15/02015 PI18/00337 ; CSyF of the Junta de Andalucia FEDER/European Cohesion Fund (FSE) for Andalusia 2016000073391-TRA 2016000073332-TRA PI-57069 PAIDI-Bio326 PI-0407/2012 ; European Commission 329284 ; MCI FPU16/05467 ; Association Francaise contre les Myopathies ; Spanish ISCIII Health Research Fund through a postdoctoral fellowship "Sara Borrell" CD09/00200 ; CECEyU of the Junta de Andalucia FEDER/European Cohesion Fund (FSE) for Andalusia 2016000073391-TRA 2016000073332-TRA PI-57069 PAIDI-Bio326 PI-0407/2012

The study presented in this chapter aims to complement the earlier GIS study of nineteenth century ad land-use of the islands of Gozo and Malta by Alberti et al. (2018) by adding another dimension to the reconstruction of the human exploitation of the landscape, and thus provide a better understanding of the agricultural potential and productivity of the Maltese landscape. It locates potential pastoral foraging routes across the landscape with the aid of a Geographic Information System. While the method and procedures used to accomplish this goal are detailed in the following section, the availability of a model of agricultural productivity of the land on the one hand, and a repertoire of evidence directly and indirectly related to pastoral movements across the island (such as the location of the garrigue areas, public spaces and farmhouses with animal pens) provided sufficient grounds to undertake this research. This approach was meant both to enrich the interpretation of evidence dating to earlier/pre-modern periods and to suggest a range of archaeological and anthropological questions as well as new avenues of inquiry driven by the results of analyses of a better documented (however recent) period. Modelling of the agricultural quality in Malta on the basis of the data provided by mid-1800s cadastral maps (cabrei) showed that the Maltese landscape is a complex patchwork as far as its suitability for human economic exploitation is concerned (Alberti et al. 2018). The analysis made it evident that there is a wide variability in land quality, even over small distances, because of a complex interplay between different natural and cultural factors, resulting in a fragmented and variable landscape. The modelled agricultural suitability also showed that a considerably large part of Malta is unlikely to have been optimal for agriculture during the early modern period. This holds true for the thin-soiled and scrub-covered karstland (or garrigue areas; in Maltese: moxa and xagħri) which features as a relatively large part of the Maltese landscape, such as the flat-topped Upper Coralline Limestone plateaus in the west-central part of the island. It has been observed that farmhouses with animal pens, as well as public spaces or wasteland, are located at the very fringe of (and/or amongst) these uncultivated areas. It has also been stressed that this apparently unproductive landscape has been turned into an important part of the agrarian economy. Importantly, the uncultivated areas provided (and to an extent still provide) grazing grounds for sheep and goats, quarried stone for construction, brushwood for fuel, as well as herbs, greens, wild game and flowering plants for bee pasture (Blouet 1963; Forbes 1996; Lang 1961; Rolé 2007; Wettinger 1982). ; This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-2007-2013) (Grant agreement No. 323727). ; peer-reviewed

The decomposition of fresh crop residues added to soil for agricultural purposes is complex. This is due to di erent factors that influence the decomposition process. In field conditions, the incorporation of crop residues into soil does not always have a positive e ect on aggregate stability. The aim of this study was to investigate the decomposition e ects of residues from two di erent cover crops (Brassica napus var. oleifera and Secale cereale) and one main crop (wheat straw) on soil aggregate stability. A 105-day incubation experiment was conducted in which crop residues were mixed with sandy loam soil at a rate of 6 g C kg􀀀1 of soil. During the incubation, there were five water additions. The decomposition e ects of organic matter on soil conditions during incubation were evaluated by determining the soil functional groups; carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4) emissions; soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC); and water-stable aggregates (WSA). The functional groups of the plant residues and the soil were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and a double exponential model was used to estimate the decomposition rates. The results show that the decomposition rate of fresh organic materials was correlated with the soil functional groups and the C/N ratio. Oilseed rape and rye, with lower C/N ratios than wheat straw residues, had faster decomposition rates and higher CO2 and N2O emissions than wheat straw. The CO2 and N2O flush at the start of the experiment corresponded to a decrease of soil aggregate stability (from Day 3 to Day 10 for CO2 and from Day 19 to Day 28 for N2O emissions), which was linked to higher decomposition rates of the labile fraction. The lower decomposition rates contributed to higher remaining C (carbon) and higher soil aggregate stability. The results also show that changes in the soil functional groups due to crop residue incorporation did not significantly influence aggregate stability. Soil moisture (SM) negatively influenced the aggregate stability and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in all treatments (oilseed rape, rye, wheat straw, and control). Irrespective of the water addition procedure, rye and wheat straw residues had a positive e ect on water-stable aggregates more frequently than oilseed rape during the incubation period. The results presented here may contribute to a better understanding of decomposition processes after the incorporation of fresh crop residues from cover crops. A future field study investigating the influence of incorporation rates of di erent crop residues on soil aggregate stability would be of great interest. ; The research was funded by the European Union's European Regional Development Fund (Estonian University of Life Sciences ASTRA project [2014-2020.4.01.16-0036] "Value-chain based bio-economy") and the Horizon 2020 project iSQAPER [project number 635750].

Stress is a multifactorial organic response aim to deal with the environmental demands. Human behavior under stress involve a number of psychophysiological changes. This special issue cover 12 of the most recent studies addressing the role of stress in extreme situations. One of this studies analyzes the stress response during defensive and offensive flight manoeuvres, supporting the central role of high physical fitness via specific training programs for fighter pilots. Another paper describes the results of a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials favouring the use of additive stress of normobaric hypoxic conditioning in overweight or obesity individuals versus compared with normoxic condition. Another study supports the used of simulation in higher education contexts as useful tools to induce stressful situations in biomedical students, who failed to habituate during assessment sessions, particularly those how felt lonely. In this line, perceived life stress and cognitive restraint are associated with increased comfort food intake under stress and lead to weight gain and obesity, founding how stress-induced negative affect predicted more snack intake for women with higher perceived life stress, and that higher perceived life stress was associated with heightened emotional relief upon snacking under stress. Indeed, this paper explores how stress increases further the intake of reward-driven comfort food in individuals with negative affect. The assessing methods of hormonal stress response are basic to understand the physiological stress response. Specifically, in primary-school children the assessment of both salivary and cumulative cortisol levels and their associations with emotional and behavioral symptoms showed an altered hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity, depicted in salivary and hair cortisol parameters, which might be a risk factor for mental and physical health in long-term. This study suggest that higher levels of stress as measured by hair or salivary cortisol are associated with higher risk of child emotional and behavioral symptoms. Two studies focus on animal models: The first one, describe how chronic restraint stress may result in depression impaire gonadal dysfunction in rats . The second study suggest that exposure to early life adversity (maternal separation) resulted in increased the risk of altered behavioral problems later on. In addition, this special issue also includes a study that describe the psychophysiological stress response in adolescent chess players using electroencephalography and heart rate variability. Another study assesses a sample of military reservists, guardsmen and first responders, supporting the link between stress and heart rate variability. Finally, three studies focus on reducing or managing stress. In this line, a new study found that both aerobic exercise and high intensity interval exercise affected the mood of a sample of American football athletes. Another study conducted a randomized clinical trial supporting the anxiolytic role of lavender oil (inhaled), the most powerful among the essential oils, reducing peri-operative anxiety in patients undergoing surgical procedures. And Mindfulness-based intervention reduce physiological and another study explored how psychological stress responses which might influence performance under competition settings.

We introduce a galaxy cluster mass observable, μ*, based on the stellar masses of cluster members, and we present results for the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 1 (Y1) observations. Stellar masses are computed using a Bayesian model averaging method, and are validated for DES data using simulations and COSMOS data. We show that μ* works as a promising mass proxy by comparing our predictions to X-ray measurements. We measure the X-ray temperature–μ* relation for a total of 129 clusters matched between the wide-field DES Y1 redMaPPer catalogue and Chandra and XMM archival observations, spanning the redshift range 0.1 < z < 0.7. For a scaling relation that is linear in logarithmic space, we find a slope of α = 0.488 ± 0.043 and a scatter in the X-ray temperature at fixed μ* of σ|μ* = 0.266 for the joint sample. By using the halo mass scaling relations of the X-ray temperature from the Weighing the Giants program, we further derive the μ*-conditioned scatter in mass, finding σM|μ* = 0.26. These results are competitive with well-established cluster mass proxies used for cosmological analyses, showing that μ* can be used as a reliable and physically motivated mass proxy to derive cosmological constraints. ; AP acknowledges the UCL PhD studentship and the URA Visiting scholar award. AF is supported by a McWilliams Postdoctoral Fellowship. OL acknowledges support from a European Research Council Advanced Grant FP7/291329. SB acknowledges support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council via Research Training Grant ST/N504452/1. TOPCAT (Taylor 2005) has been extensively used in this work. Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico and the Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Number AST-1138766. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MINECO under grants AYA2012-39559, ESP2013-48274, FPA2013-47986, and Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa SEV-2012-0234. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329, and 306478.

In this study, we examine the impact of geopolitical risk index, inflation and exchange rate on economic growth in the case of Turkey. The geopolitical risk, inflation, exchange rate and economic growth nexus is not without ambiguity. Based on this proposition, this study investigate whether changes in geopolitical risk index, inflation and exchange rate would have significant impact on economic growth in the case of Turkey or not. We are of the opinion that increase/decrease in geopolitical risk index, inflation and exchange rate might influence changes in economic growth. In order to achieve study objective and provide answers to this study research questions as stated in chapter 1, we employ annual frequency data sourced from World Bank Development (online) over the periods of 1985-2017, using Autoregressive Distributed Lag model for estimates and Toda and Yamamoto (1995) for Granger non-causality analysis. In addition, we employ gross fixed capital formation to proxy for domestic investment for ceteris paribus purpose and control for omitted variable bias. Conclusively, based on the empirical results that an increase and/or decrease in geopolitical risk index and inflation have no impacts on economic growth in the case of Turkey. It appears economic growth/development of Turkey is immune to geopolitical risk and fluctuation in price level. Consequently, policymakers should pay more attention to pressing growth determinants that such as exchange rate and domestic investment for a rapid and sustainable economic growth both in the short-run and long run respectively. ; ÖZ: Bu çalışmada Türkiye'de jeopolitik risk endeksi, enflasyon ve döviz kurunun ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisini inceleyeceğiz. Jeopolitik risk, enflasyon, döviz kuru ve ekonomik büyüme bağı belirsizlik olmadan değildir. Bu önermeye dayanarak, bu çalışma, jeopolitik risk endeksi, enflasyon ve döviz kurundaki değişikliklerin Türkiye'nin ekonomik büyümesi üzerinde önemli bir etkisi olup olmayacağını araştırmaktadır. Jeopolitik risk endeksi, enflasyon ve döviz kurundaki artış/düşüşün ekonomik büyümedeki değişiklikleri etkileyebileceği görüşündeyiz. 1. bölümde belirtildiği gibi çalışma amacına ulaşmak ve bu çalışma araştırma sorularına cevap vermek amacıyla, 1985-2017 dönemlerinde Dünya Bankası Kalkınmasından (çevrimiçi) elde edilen yıllık frekans verilerini, tahminler için Otogressif Distributed Lag modelini ve Granger kamüsallık dışı analizleri için Toda ve Yamamoto(1995) modelini kullanıyoruz. Buna ek olarak, biz yurtiçi i için vekil brüt sabit sermaye oluşumu istihdam. Kesin olarak, jeopolitik risk endeksi ve enflasyonun artması ve/veya düşmesinin Türkiye'nin ekonomik büyümesi üzerinde hiçbir etkisi olmadığı ampirik sonuçlara dayanmaktadır. Türkiye'nin ekonomik büyümesi/gelişmesi jeopolitik risk ve fiyat seviyesindeki dalgalanmaya karşı bağışık görünüyor. Sonuç olarak, politika yapıcılar, hem kısa hem de uzun vadede hızlı ve sürdürülebilir bir ekonomik büyüme için döviz kuru ve yerli yatırım gibi acil büyüme belirleyicilerine daha fazla dikkat etmelidirler. ; Master of Science in Banking and Finance. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Business and Economics, Dept. of Banking and Finance, 2020. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Salih Katırcıoğlu

The content of the Ukrainian national idea in the era of transition from industrial to post-industrial(informational) type of society is revealed. It is demonstrated that in the transition to a post-industrial society, thenational idea as a product of an industrial society requires a significant transformation. In a post-industrial society,the national idea should be focused on the production of post-economic values and active social regulation, themaximum use of the creative (creative) potential of members of the national community, the formation of anew type of family and new forms of social partnership, the increasing role of knowledge (scientific and parascientific)and changes in the education system. It is determined that the national idea, taking into account theetymology of the components of this construct, acts as a key idea in understanding the nature of the nation andthe prospects for its development.It is determined that the national idea must be understood in the context of the special conditions of lifeof the people throughout its history. It reflects the deep level of national consciousness, advocates all forms ofreflection of the nation (person) over issues of the essence of the national community and the meaning of itsexistence. Throughout its history, Ukraine has sought to build its own state on a democratic, legal and socialbasis and, having gained independence in 1991, these value dominants were entrenched at the constitutionallevel. At the present stage of nation-building, the key direction in the formation of a national idea is to determinethe optimal model that should underpin state-building – ethno-cultural or civic.It is proved that the Ukrainian national idea, having passed the difficult historical path of aging and formation,today requires substantial modernization, adaptation to the realities of the transitional society, civilizational,geopolitical, economic challenges of the 21st century. The national idea should take into account the changesthat occur in the social and economic structure of society, and incorporate into the body of the nation-buildingstrategy those goals and ways to achieve them that actualize post-material values, pay attention to the needsof self-development and self-improvement of the individual. The formula of the Ukrainian national idea isproposed, which consists of strategic and operational-tactical components, designed for different time periods– short, medium and long term. The strategic components of the modern Ukrainian national idea include theslogans 'Ukraine is a conciliar, European, decent state and a nation', 'Equality of all citizens before the law,freedom of life strategies, respect for the national and cultural traditions of the Ukrainian people and ethniccommunities living on its territory', 'Democracy in all spheres of public life, the embodiment of moral standardsin social relations'. The operational-tactical components of the modern Ukrainian national idea include theslogans 'Knowledge, information, movement (action)'.

Aims. We aim at constraining the stellar population properties of quiescent galaxies. These properties reveal how these galaxies evolved and assembled since z similar to 1 up to the present time. Methods. Combining the ALHAMBRA multi-filter photo-spectra with the fitting code for spectral energy distribution MUFFIT (MUlti-Filter FITting), we built a complete catalogue of quiescent galaxies via the dust-corrected stellar mass vs. colour diagram. This catalogue includes stellar population properties, such as age, metallicity, extinction, stellar mass, and photometric redshift, retrieved from the analysis of composited populations based on two independent sets of simple stellar population (SSP) models. We developed and applied a novel methodology to provide, for the first time, the analytic probability distribution functions (PDFs) of mass-weighted age, metallicity, and extinction of quiescent galaxies as a function of redshift and stellar mass. We adopted different star formation histories to discard potential systematics in the analysis. Results. The number density of quiescent galaxies is found to increase since z similar to 1, with a more substantial variation at lower stellar mass. Quiescent galaxies feature extinction AV progenitor> bias should also be taken into account. © ESO 2019 ; This work has been partly supported by the Programa Nacional de Astronomia y Astrofisica of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO, grants AYA2012-30789 and AYA2015-66211-C2-1-P), by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (grant MOST 106-2628-M-001-003-MY3), by the Academia Sinica (grant AS-IA-107-M01), and by the Government of Aragon (Research Group E103). L.A.D.G. also thanks the support of I.F. for o ffering the opportunity to develop part of this research at the Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL). We also acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry for Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER funds through grants AYA201015081, AYA2010-15169, AYA2010-22111-C03-01, AYA2010-22111-C03-02, AYA2011-29517-C03-01, AYA2012-39620, AYA2013-40611-P, AYA201342227-P, AYA2013-43188-P, AYA2013-48623-C2-1, AYA2013-48623-C2-2, ESP2013-48274, AYA2014-57490-P, AYA2014-58861-C3-1, AYA2016-76682-C3-1-P, AYA2016-77846-P, AYA2016-81065-C2-1, AYA2016-81065-C2-2, Generalitat Valenciana projects Prometeo 2009/064, and PROMETEOII/2014/060, Junta de Andalucia grants TIC114, JA2828, P10-FQM-6444, and Generalitat de Catalunya project SGR-1398. The authors acknowledge Y. Peng and A. Citro for sharing their stellar population numerical results. Throughout this research, we made use of the Matplotlib package (Hunter 2007), a 2D graphics package used for Python that is designed for interactive scripting and quality image generation. This paper is dedicated to Marian Leon Canalejo for being there when L.A.D.G. needed her most and for her patience and continuous encouragement while finishing his Ph.D.

Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den Lebenswelten von Frauen in ländlichen peripheren Räumen, deren Lebens- und Erwerbsbiographien von unbezahlten und bezahlten Sorgetätigkeiten geprägt sind. Daher erfolgte zunächst eine theoretische Auseinandersetzung mit bisherigen Diskursen zur Sorge bzw. Care-Arbeit, feministischer Ökonomie und der Rolle des Wohlfahrtsstaates. Eine ergänzende Annäherung zum (sozial-)räumlichen Raumverständnis, unter Bezugnahme auf Bourdieus Konzeption des sozialen Raums, bis hin zur (De-) Konstruktion dichotomer oder ländlicher peripherer Raumkonzepte, sollte die in diesem Kontext immanente Bedeutung der (sozial-)räumlichen Dimension untersuchen. Die zugehörige Datenerhebung bzw. -auswertung erfolgte mittels qualitativer Befragungen und einer hermeneutischen Inhaltsanalyse, die durch die Berücksichtigung der Analysefelder Raum/Arbeit/Gender gerahmt wurde. Die empirischen Ergebnisse verstärken einerseits die Bedeutung der Verinnerlichung und dadurch oft unbewussten Reproduktion von geschlechtsspezifischen Rollenbildern und einer ebensolchen Arbeitsteilung durch die betroffenen Selbst. Gleichsam verweisen sie auf die Heterogenität der Kategorie Frau in ländlich (peripheren) Räumen, die in Form von alters- und klassenspezifischen Differenzen manifest wird und in weiterer Folge die Anerkennungs(spiel)räume von Frauen und schließlich deren Handlungsmacht beeinflussen. Dies findet sich zudem eingebettet in einen ländlich peripheren Raum, der durch Strukturwandel, Landflucht, eine ausgedünnte Infrastruktur und einen engmaschigen Sozialraum gekennzeichnet ist. Diese sozialräumliche Überschaubarkeit stellt sowohl Herausforderung als auch Chance zugleich für eine sozialraumorientierte Sozialarbeit dar, da für deren nachhaltige Arbeit die Vernetzung mit lokalen Ressourcen unabdingbar ist. Abseits von lokalen und regionalen Anknüpfungspunkten stellt sich für die Profession der Sozialen Arbeit auch die Frage nach einer kritischen und politischen Positionierung hinsichtlich einer gesellschaftlich gerechten Organisation und Verteilung von Sorgearbeit. ; This work deals with the lives of women in rural peripheral areas, whose life and work biographies are characterized by unpaid and paid care work. Therefore, at first a theoretical examination of previous discourses on care or care work, feminist economy and the role of the welfare state took place. A complementary approach to (social) spatial understanding of space, with reference to Bourdieu's conception of the social space, to the (de-) construction of dichotomous or rural peripheral spatial concepts, should investigate the immanent meaning of the (social) spatial dimension in this context. The associated data collection and evaluation was carried out by qualitative surveys and a hermeneutic content analysis, which was framed by the consideration of the analysis fields space / work / gender. On the one hand, the empirical results reinforce the importance of internalization and the often unconscious reproduction of gender-specific role models and thus division of paid and unpaid care labor by the affected self. At the same time, they refer to the heterogeneity of woman in rural (peripheral) spaces, which manifests itself by means of age and class-specific differences and subsequently decisively shapes the scope of women and, ultimately, their agency. This finds itself additionally embedded in a rural peripheral space, characterized by structural change, rural exodus, a thinned-out infrastructure and a dense social space. This socio-spatial comprehensibility states both challenge and opportunity for social space-oriented social work, as networking with local resources is regarded indispensable for achieving impact. Apart from local and regional points of reference, social work as a profession and discipline needs to address the subject of care work, gender and remote rural spaces as well on a critical and a political level. ; vorgelegt von: Sabine Maria Scharf ; Wien, FH Campus Wien, Masterarb., 2019 ; (VLID)4676765

Lately financial supervision was at the forefront of the agenda of European Union. Financial market supervision in the European Union has a complex legal and institutional framework and its implementation is a complex process involving various aspects of economics and public administration. Historically financial supervision was an object of European Union members states. Prior to the financial crisis member states organized financial supervision on their own, mostly according to tendencies of the financial markets. The biggest impulse to financial market supervision was the financial crisis of 2008, after which the most important elements of European Union financial supervision system were created. The implementation of these elements became the main objective of Lithuanias financial supervision system. Because of this the problem of the research is – How to ensure effective implementation of European Union financial supervision system in Lithuania? The aim of the research is to analyze the implementation of European Union financial supervision system. The aim is achieved by three objectives: 1) Define the main theoretical aspects of financial market supervision policy implementation; 2) Analyze European Union financial market supervision system legal and institutional mechanisms; 3) Identify European Union financial supervision system implementation problems in Lithuania. The object of the research is European Union financial supervision system. During the theoretical analysis it came to light that benefits public policy instruments are defined not only by its contents but its implementation specifics. Main three preconditions of financial market supervision were identified – consumer protection, financial market stability and monopoly formation interruption. By analyzing theoretical aspects of financial market supervision implementation it was revealed that financial market supervision can be separated into two elements – microprudential and macroprudential supervision and both shortcomings of these elements were revealed. Macroprudential supervision was not given needed priority, and sectoral supervision model which dominated microprudential supervision was outdated. Financial crisis of 2008 revealed the shortcomings of European Union financial supervision system of that time and need for more integration. New legal and institutional mechanisms were created in the European Union. European system of financial supervision (ESFS) addresses both macroprudential and microprudential supervision policy but it was revealed that they need more and broader legally binding instruments. Banking Union is an important but complex set of European Union financial supervision legal instruments which delegates a number of sovereign financial supervision rights from national financial supervision to the European Central Bank, which obtained a broad financial market supervision mandate. Analyzing the qualitative research and documents analysis it can be noted that implementation of European Union financial supervision system in Lithuania has problems that can be clearly defined and can be easily revealed by performing a research of even a small scale. Problems noted were the limited jurisdiction of European Union financial supervision system, financial and administration burdens associated with the system and lack of information. These problems are known, actual and longstanding.

Lately financial supervision was at the forefront of the agenda of European Union. Financial market supervision in the European Union has a complex legal and institutional framework and its implementation is a complex process involving various aspects of economics and public administration. Historically financial supervision was an object of European Union members states. Prior to the financial crisis member states organized financial supervision on their own, mostly according to tendencies of the financial markets. The biggest impulse to financial market supervision was the financial crisis of 2008, after which the most important elements of European Union financial supervision system were created. The implementation of these elements became the main objective of Lithuanias financial supervision system. Because of this the problem of the research is – How to ensure effective implementation of European Union financial supervision system in Lithuania? The aim of the research is to analyze the implementation of European Union financial supervision system. The aim is achieved by three objectives: 1) Define the main theoretical aspects of financial market supervision policy implementation; 2) Analyze European Union financial market supervision system legal and institutional mechanisms; 3) Identify European Union financial supervision system implementation problems in Lithuania. The object of the research is European Union financial supervision system. During the theoretical analysis it came to light that benefits public policy instruments are defined not only by its contents but its implementation specifics. Main three preconditions of financial market supervision were identified – consumer protection, financial market stability and monopoly formation interruption. By analyzing theoretical aspects of financial market supervision implementation it was revealed that financial market supervision can be separated into two elements – microprudential and macroprudential supervision and both shortcomings of these elements were revealed. Macroprudential supervision was not given needed priority, and sectoral supervision model which dominated microprudential supervision was outdated. Financial crisis of 2008 revealed the shortcomings of European Union financial supervision system of that time and need for more integration. New legal and institutional mechanisms were created in the European Union. European system of financial supervision (ESFS) addresses both macroprudential and microprudential supervision policy but it was revealed that they need more and broader legally binding instruments. Banking Union is an important but complex set of European Union financial supervision legal instruments which delegates a number of sovereign financial supervision rights from national financial supervision to the European Central Bank, which obtained a broad financial market supervision mandate. Analyzing the qualitative research and documents analysis it can be noted that implementation of European Union financial supervision system in Lithuania has problems that can be clearly defined and can be easily revealed by performing a research of even a small scale. Problems noted were the limited jurisdiction of European Union financial supervision system, financial and administration burdens associated with the system and lack of information. These problems are known, actual and longstanding.

"Data ownership" is actually an oxymoron, because there could not be a copyright (ownership) on facts or ideas, hence no data onwership rights and law exist. The term refers to various kinds of data protection instruments: Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) (mostly copyright) asserted to indicate some kind of data ownership, confidentiality clauses/rules, database right protection (in the European Union only), or personal data protection (GDPR) (Scassa 2018). Data protection is often realised via different mechanisms of "data hoarding", that is witholding access to data for various reasons (Sieber 1989). Data hoarding, however, does not put the data into someone's ownership. Nonetheless, the access to and the re-use of data, and biodiversuty data in particular, is hampered by technical, economic, sociological, legal and other factors, although there should be no formal legal provisions related to copyright that may prevent anyone who needs to use them (Egloff et al. 2014, Egloff et al. 2017, see also the Bouchout Declaration). One of the best ways to provide access to data is to publish these so that the data creators and holders are credited for their efforts. As one of the pioneers in biodiversity data publishing, Pensoft has adopted a multiple-approach data publishing model, resulting in the ARPHA-BioDiv toolbox and in extensive Strategies and Guidelines for Publishing of Biodiversity Data (Penev et al. 2017a, Penev et al. 2017b). ARPHA-BioDiv consists of several data publishing workflows: Deposition of underlying data in an external repository and/or its publication as supplementary file(s) to the related article which are then linked and/or cited in-tex. Supplementary files are published under their own DOIs to increase citability). Description of data in data papers after they have been deposited in trusted repositories and/or as supplementary files; the systme allows for data papers to be submitted both as plain text or converted into manuscripts from Ecological Metadata Language (EML) metadata. Import of structured data into the article text from tables or via web services and their susequent download/distribution from the published article as part of the integrated narrative and data publishing workflow realised by the Biodiversity Data Journal. Publication of data in structured, semanticaly enriched, full-text XMLs where data elements are machine-readable and easy-to-harvest. Extraction of Linked Open Data (LOD) from literature, which is then converted into interoperable RDF triples (in accordance with the OpenBiodiv-O ontology) (Senderov et al. 2018) and stored in the OpenBiodiv Biodiversity Knowledge Graph In combination with text and data mining (TDM) technologies for legacy literature (PDF) developed by Plazi, these approaches show different angles to the future of biodiversity data publishing and, lay the foundations of an entire data publishing ecosystem in the field, while also supplying FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data to several interoperable overarching infrastructures, such as Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), Biodiversity Literature Repository (BLR), Plazi TreatmentBank, OpenBiodiv, as well as to various end users.

The aim is to analyze the latest Ukrainian historiography from the point of view of its specificity human comprehension of the Unity of Ukraine as a long process of approval state and spiritual unity of society, elucidation of the role of the human factor in itself unity process and its research, as well as the significance of the Unity for human. On the basis of the application of a complex of methods of analysis of Ukrainian historiography 1991- 2018 years highlights the methodology and the nature of the anthropological approach to the study of the Unity Ukraine, substantiates the shift of attention from specific events and documents to their participants and creators, on people involved in the processes. Highlighted three stages of historiography of the Unity: the first – 1991–2004 years; the second – between the Orange Revolution and the Revolution of Dignity and the third – modern. The dominant trends in the study of the problem are monitored, in particular: the transition from the illumination of the Unity as the Unification Act to interpreting it as a long process and transit; Unity became the object of interdisciplinary research; application of civilization and anthropological approach to comprehension of the Unity and the transition from studying the history of events to the history of people. Singled out three segments of the object of a human-oriented view of the problem: ideological inspiration, organizers and participants of the unity process; carriers of the unity idea; researchers of the Unity. Expressed suggestions and recommendations on the further study of the Unity, the establishment of the state and spiritual unity of Ukrainian society, drawn attention to the need to fill the human meaning of "the unity of Ukraine", "Ukrainian unity", "the Unity of Ukrainian culture and mentality", search and study the optimal model and ways of practical assertion of the united Ukraine as an independent one, integral, territorially indivisible, a democratic European state in terms of integration and globalization processes. ; На основі аналізу української історіографії 1991–2018 рр. висвітлюється методологія і сут- ність антропологічного підходу в дослідженні Соборності України, обґрунтовується переміщення уваги з конкретних подій і документів на їх учасників і творців, на людей, задіяних у процесах. Виділено три етапи історіографії Соборності: перший – 1991–2004 рр.; другий – між Помаранчевою революцією і Революцією Гідності і третій – сучасний. Відстежено домінуючі тенденції дослідження проблеми, зокрема: перехід від висвітлення Соборності як Акту Злуки до трактування її як тривалого і транзит- ного процесу; Соборність стала об'єктом міждисциплінарних досліджень; застосування цивілізацій- ного та антропологічного підходу до осмислення Соборності і перехід від студіювання історії подій до історії людей. Виокремлено три сегменти об'єкту людинознавчого погляду на проблему: ідейні натхнен- ники, організатори і учасники соборницького процесу; носії соборницької ідеї; дослідники Соборності. Висловлені пропозиції та рекомендації щодо подальшого дослідження Соборності, утвердження державної та духовної єдності українського суспільства.

Background The World Health Assembly endorsed the WHO Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) Roadmap in 2013, in which NTDs were suggested as tracers of equity in the assessment of progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. Nationwide surveys were undertaken in all 18 states of Sudan to identify the geographical distribution and to estimate the prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis and other intestinal helminthiases from December 2016 to March 2017. Methods We used two-stage random sampling. Each district was subdivided into one to three different ecological zones (EZs) based on proximity to water bodies. Probability-proportional-to-size sampling was used to select schools from each EZ. We estimated schistosomiasis and intestinal helminthiasis prevalence by the centrifugation method and Kato-Katz smears. Multi-level mixed-effect models were used to investigate the relationship between the prevalence of infections and risk factors, including improved water or latrine status at the household or school level. We estimated the cost-effectiveness of a one-time mass drug administration (MDA) intervention with 75% coverage at the district and EZ levels. Results A total of 105,167 students from 1772 schools were surveyed. The overall egg-positive rates were: Schistosoma haematobium, 5.2%; S. mansoni, 0.06%; and intestinal helminths, 5.47%. Severe endemic areas were concentrated in East and South Darfur States. Children living in a house or attending schools with an improved latrine were less likely to be infected with schistosomiasis than those without a latrine (adjusted odds ratio, aOR: 0.45, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.41–0.51 and aOR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.70–0.81 at the household or the school levels, respectively). Open defecation was strongly associated with schistosomiasis (aOR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.35–1.66). In community-wide mass treatment at the district level with an 8% threshold for schistosomiasis, 2.2 million people would not benefit from MDA interventions with 75% coverage despite high endemicity, whilst 1.7 million people would receive the MDA intervention unnecessarily. EZ-level MDA was estimated to be more cost-effective than district-level administration under all circumstances. Conclusions Our findings provide updated prevalence figures to guide preventive chemotherapy programmes for schistosomiasis and intestinal helminthiasis in Sudan. Schistosomiasis was found to be common among the inhabitants of fragile and conflict-affected areas. In addition, we found that MDA interventions would be more cost-effective at the sub-district level than at the district level, and there was a strong association between schistosomiasis prevalence and latrine status, at both the household and school levels. This study will help the Sudanese government and its neighbouring countries develop adequate control and elimination strategies. ; This study was funded by the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA). The views, opinions, assumptions, or any other information set out in this article should not be attributed to KOICA or any person connected with them.

Lately financial supervision was at the forefront of the agenda of European Union. Financial market supervision in the European Union has a complex legal and institutional framework and its implementation is a complex process involving various aspects of economics and public administration. Historically financial supervision was an object of European Union members states. Prior to the financial crisis member states organized financial supervision on their own, mostly according to tendencies of the financial markets. The biggest impulse to financial market supervision was the financial crisis of 2008, after which the most important elements of European Union financial supervision system were created. The implementation of these elements became the main objective of Lithuanias financial supervision system. Because of this the problem of the research is – How to ensure effective implementation of European Union financial supervision system in Lithuania? The aim of the research is to analyze the implementation of European Union financial supervision system. The aim is achieved by three objectives: 1) Define the main theoretical aspects of financial market supervision policy implementation; 2) Analyze European Union financial market supervision system legal and institutional mechanisms; 3) Identify European Union financial supervision system implementation problems in Lithuania. The object of the research is European Union financial supervision system. During the theoretical analysis it came to light that benefits public policy instruments are defined not only by its contents but its implementation specifics. Main three preconditions of financial market supervision were identified – consumer protection, financial market stability and monopoly formation interruption. By analyzing theoretical aspects of financial market supervision implementation it was revealed that financial market supervision can be separated into two elements – microprudential and macroprudential supervision and both shortcomings of these elements were revealed. Macroprudential supervision was not given needed priority, and sectoral supervision model which dominated microprudential supervision was outdated. Financial crisis of 2008 revealed the shortcomings of European Union financial supervision system of that time and need for more integration. New legal and institutional mechanisms were created in the European Union. European system of financial supervision (ESFS) addresses both macroprudential and microprudential supervision policy but it was revealed that they need more and broader legally binding instruments. Banking Union is an important but complex set of European Union financial supervision legal instruments which delegates a number of sovereign financial supervision rights from national financial supervision to the European Central Bank, which obtained a broad financial market supervision mandate. Analyzing the qualitative research and documents analysis it can be noted that implementation of European Union financial supervision system in Lithuania has problems that can be clearly defined and can be easily revealed by performing a research of even a small scale. Problems noted were the limited jurisdiction of European Union financial supervision system, financial and administration burdens associated with the system and lack of information. These problems are known, actual and longstanding.