Suchergebnisse

The coffee plant Coffea spp. offers much more than the well-known drink made from the roasted coffee bean. During its cultivation and production, a wide variety of by-products are accrued, most of which are currently unused, thermally recycled, or used as animal feed. The modern, ecologically oriented society attaches great importance to waste reduction, so it makes sense to not dispose of the by-products of coffee production but to bring them into the value chain. The aim of this presentation is to provide an updated overview of novel coffee products in the food sector and their current legal classification in the European Union (EU). Coffee flowers, leaves, cascara, coffee cherry spirit, silver skin, and coffee wood are among the materials considered in this article. Some of these products may have, at least, an indirect history of consumption in Europe (silver skin), while others have already been used as traditional foods in non-EU-member countries (coffee leaves, flowers, cascara, and coffee cherry spirit). Of these, coffee leaf tea and cascara have already been approved by the European Commission. Following a consultation with EU member states, spent coffee grounds were determined as being not novel. For the other products, toxicity and/or safety data need to be gathered to further advance novel food applications.

The article studies the media portrayal of people in movement (refugees, migrants and displaced persons) in seven countries of the southern border of the European Union in 2015 and 2016, a period during which the migratory flow increased due to a change in the routes. The purpose of this research is to compare how the media in Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Malta, Italy, Poland and Spain have treated the largest flow of people arrived at Europe since the Second World War. For this purpose, 749 journalistic pieces have been content-analysed. Results show clear deficiencies in the information treatment on migration and refuge in the selected media, with poor contextualization and an irregular attention to this kind of issues. ; El artículo estudia la imagen de las personas en movimiento (refugiadas, migrantes y desplazadas) en siete países de la frontera sur de la Unión Europea en 2015 y 2016, período en el que se incrementó el flujo migratorio al haber un cambio en las rutas. El objetivo de esa investigación es comparar cómo se ha tratado el mayor éxodo de personas que ha llegado a Europa desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial por medios de comunicación de Bulgaria, Chipre, Grecia, Malta, Italia, Polonia y España. Para ello, se han analizado el contenido de 749 piezas periodísticas. Los resultados del estudio identifican deficiencias en el tratamiento informativo sobre migración y refugio en los medios analizados, con escasa contextualización y un seguimiento irregular e intermitente de este tipo de temáticas.

Continuously increasing demand of microgrids with high penetration of distributedenergy generators, mainly renewable energy sources, is modifying the traditional structure ofthe electric distribution grid. Major power consumer countries are looking for alternative energysources to avoid the impact of higher fossil fuel consumption. Thus, different policies have beenpromulgated to promote renewable energy technologies (RETs) and distributed energy resource (DER)deployment and are encouraging technological innovation. These policies aim to reduce greenhousegas (GHG) emissions and achieve energy security and independence to meet an ever-increasingelectricity demand. Many studies have been performed on the successful integration of RET andDER operation and control, protection and stability issues, all simultaneously and satisfactorilyimplemented during feasible microgrid operation. However, apart from the technical challenges, fewmicrogrid studies exist on effective policies and incentives for microgrid promotion and deployment.This survey investigates the policy, regulatory and financial (economical and commercial) barriers,which hinder the deployment of microgrids in the European Union (EU), United States (USA) andChina. In this paper, a clear view on microgrid policy instruments and challenges are investigated toaid future developments.

11 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables.-- Under a Creative Commons license ; The increasing consumption of seafood products raises concerns over their sustainability and the conservation of marine resources. Seafood traceability, enabled by a regulated labelling system, is important to prevent overexploitation of these resources. The regulations (EU) No.1169/2011 and (EU) No 1379/2013 are the European legislative tools that specify the mandatory information that must be present on seafood labels. The present study analysed the labels of seafood products sold in different European countries in order to verify the presence of mandatory information required by EU regulations currently in place. The results show that there is a difference in compliance among groups of products and among countries. The country with the lowest level of compliance was The United Kingdom (still part of EU when the study was carried out), with an overall compliance of 63.7%. The country with the highest level of compliance was Portugal (87.2%). Across all the countries analysed, supermarkets were more compliant than fishmonger's shops and Processed Prepacked products were more conformed best to the EU labelling legislation when compared to Unprocessed Non-Prepacked products. Differences among different areas of the same country were also observed. Fishing gear, scientific name, fishing/production method and date of freezing were the types of information most frequently missing on the labels examined. The results of this study pose the bases for further actions, that can be taken by relevant institutions, to improve compliance throughout the supply chain. ; This study was funded by the European Regional Development Fund Interreg Atlantic Area, EAPA_87/2016 ; Peer reviewed

As the labour force in Western industrial democracies becomes more diverse, union strategies for organising and representing these workers need to change. With a particular emphasis on union strategies for recruiting new members, this article demonstrates how slow unions have been to adapt to the changing labour market and labour force. Drawing on data from Canada, the article examines the challenges faced by unions in representing women and immigrants, especially those from racial minorities who constitute a growing proportion of recent immigrants to Canada. It then explores the additional challenges posed by changes to the labour market, most notably the rise in private service sector employment and the shift towards non-unionised manufacturing facilities. The article concludes by examining the ways in which unions need to transform their strategies to reflect the greater diversity found amongst workers and their workplaces.