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The peaceful & democratic integration of the European countries, including the Eastern enlargement of the Union, cannot be completed if the EU does not become a true, though not federal, polity. Making the European institutions fully legitimate & accountable requires the development of political identity in a shape that is different from both national & cultural identity, but is not opposite to them, & can accommodate diversity & change. Its contents can be seen in a specific set of constitutional values & principles, including a model of social relations, an international standing, & a peculiar & unprecedented system of governance. Identity-formation in the EU goes through several channels, but has still to generate a European public sphere, though the source of this difficulty does not lie in the lack of a European people or demos. 11 References. Adapted from the source document.

The progress of the digital era now has a very broad impact in all fields, at every level of society, not least in the field of transportation. Transportation is a basic need for public access in all activities. The development of transportation is progressing rapidly with online transportation, both cars and motorbikes, making it easy for the public to access this mode of online transportation and is also cheaper than conventional transportation. However, the development of uncontrolled online transportation will cause several problems and horizontal conflicts with conventional transportation. Agencies or companies engaged in the transportation sector today are considered to be very vulnerable to the development of issues that occur in the community. Especially with the advancement of information technology through mass media and social media, now it is not uncommon for this issue to end up with a negative perspective due to the distortion of communication in the community. The purpose of this study is to analyze collaborative governance that has been implemented by the government to overcome transportation problems, especially between online and regular. The government needs to collaborate between stakeholders in the administration of government as an effort and the government's response in handling public problems. Collaborative governance is a collaboration between stakeholders involving the government, the private sector, and the community and is one of the solutions in solving the problem of Public Transportation. The research method uses a qualitative approach.

This paper provides a critical comparative analysis of corporate governance mechanisms in market‐oriented (Anglo‐Saxon) and large shareholder‐oriented (Continental European) systems of corporate governance. Deficiencies in shareholder protection in the legal systems of both corporate governance systems have been addressed through the use of codes of good governance, a set of norms that regulate the behaviour and structure of the board of directors. However, the lower enforceability of norms in Continental Europe limits the applicability of such codes. Therefore, we argue that in Continental Europe, rather than promoting codes of good governance, it is necessary to expand market control mechanisms to facilitate the maximisation of firm value.

Cities concentrate a large part of the world economy today. Understanding how the urban economy and its decision making function as well as how they are connected to a larger world (regional, national, global) is fundamental to create governance mechanisms and the institutions to move the world towards a green economy. This paper analyzes the city through its key economic processes of the transformation of space; circulation (transport); consumption and production and social, knowledge and ecosystem services. Transforming urban processes will only be achieved with better urban governance. As governance is embedded in institutions, it is the foundation for building the legitimate political and social mechanisms to green socio-ecological and economic systems. Yet the question of whether or not current governance systems in these processes are steering cities towards a greener economy, or if they are, how are they affecting people and ecosystems is yet to be addressed. Thus, we propose a set of governance indicators to assess the greening of urban processes that go beyond the decision-making procedures and include the capacity to implement change, the results of greening the economy and final outcomes on the ground. We also look at the obstacles, achievements and lessons in the greening of the direct and indirect economic processes in cities. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

The article provides an overview of current debates & empirical studies on the participation of civil society actors in processes of local governance. Studies on different countries, topics & participation models show strikingly similar results: Disillusionment on the part of local actors is widespread. Successful processes were characterized by four factors: firstly international, supranational &/or national participative norms, secondly the supply of institutional arrangements for participative processes, thirdly a high level of local social capital & fourthly problems with a low complexity & a high personal concern for the actors. Tables, References. Adapted from the source document.

Introduction: governance in South America / Pia Riggirozzi and Chris Wylde -- Governance and development in South America -- South American governance in the colonial period / José Briceño Ruiz -- Post-colonial South America: 19th century laissez-faire governance / Colin M. Lewis -- Dependency theory and South American governance in post-neoliberal times / Miguel A. Rivera- Quiñones -- Neoliberal governance in South America / Laura Macdonald -- The concept and practice of post-neoliberal governance in South America / Christopher Wylde -- Inter-American relations in historical perspective / Thomas O'Brien -- The institutionalization of governance in South America -- Governing security in south america: from the inter-American treaty of reciprocal assistance to the South American defence council / Jorge Battaglino -- The organization of American states: promise and limitations as a hub institution / Andrew F. Cooper -- Governing debt : south america and the IMF / Pablo Nemiña -- Governing development in South America: between old and new challenges / José Fernández Alonso -- Governance as regional integration: ALADI, CAN and MERCOSUR / Laura Gómez-Mera -- Regional governance in South America: supporting states, dealing with markets and reworking hegemonies / Pia Riggirozzi and Diana Tussie -- The new minilateralism in regional economic governance: cross-regionalism and the Pacific alliance / Jorge Garzón and Detlef Nolte -- South-south cooperation and the governance of development aid in South America / Alejandra Kern and Gino Pauselli -- China's spin on governing its relatIonship with South America / Carol Wise -- Placing actors in South American governance -- The place of the military in South American governance / Orlando J. Pérez -- Beyond states and markets in South America : lessons of labour-centred development from Chile and Argentina / Adam Fishwick and Benjamin Selwyn -- A foot on each side of the picket-line : the contradictory role of labour unions in South American governance / Daniel Ozarow -- Business interest groups and policymaking in South America / Néstor Castañeda -- Democracy, pluralism and the media in South America / Carolina Matos -- Human rights activists and advocacy in South America / Francesca Lessa and Cara levey -- Indigenous rights and resource governance / Roberta Rice -- The South American right: powerful elites and weak states / Barry Cannon -- Emerging issues/old dilemmas -- Shaking up governance and inequality in South America: a political-economy account / Jeff Dayton-Johnson -- Social movements and governance in South America / Sofia Donoso -- Extractivism and citizenship / Juan Grigera -- Governing natural resources / Jewellord Nem Singh -- Transboundary water governance in South America / Marcelo Saguier -- The drugs trade grace livingstone -- Creating space for autonomous governance : South America and the global governance structural power game / Sean W. Burges -- International migration in South America: emerging forms of governance / Ana Margheritis -- Scaling up citizenship in South america through MERCOSUR / Marcelo Mondelli -- Possibilities and prospects in the study of South American governance -- Institutions, actors and the practice of governance in South America : conclusion and directions for further research / Pia Riggirozzi and Christopher Wylde.

Many events that have marked the last few years - from the Arab Spring revolutions to the different collapses in the financial markets in the western world and the Euro Debt Crisis in Europe - all share the common issue of ""Governance"". The various different types of media, especially social media, have contributed to the rapid spread of awareness of governance issues, and have enabled unprecedented numbers of people to manifest their fury about the lack of governance in the management of not

In Breaking New Ground or Dressing Up in the Emperor's New Clothes?: A Response to a Critical Review, Andi Mallarangeng & Peter van Tuijl respond to a critical examination by Gordon Crawford (2003) of the concept of 'partnership' in contemporary development aid discourse, using the Partnership for Governance Reform in Indonesia (the Partnership) as an example. The article contends that Crawford's deconstruction of the Partnership is highly questionable, as it is based on a selective inclusion of information that challenges many of his observations, to the point where his conclusions become untenable. Power relationships & processes of opinion making & decision making are increasingly located in complex & transnational settings, characterized by shifting alliances among international as well as domestic stakeholders. Crawford approaches the power relationship between donors & Indonesians as if it were locked up in the Partnership, which makes a mockery of his case study. There is no empirical evidence suggesting that Indonesians are easily 'mystified' by their donors. Instead, the short three-year history of the Partnership shows a process in which Indonesians have increasingly taken control of both day-to-day leadership & the development of longer-term strategy. It is suggested that, instead of a focus on structure & agency, a more promising approach to grasping shifts in power between donors & local stakeholders would be to analyze the discourse in a partnership following a concept of organizational culture. In Dancing to Whose Tune?: A Reply to My Critics, Gordon Crawford responds to criticisms raised by Andi Mallarangeng & Peter van Tuijl in Breaking New Ground or Dressing Up in the Emperor's New Clothes: A Response to a Critical Review, Crawford criticizes Mallarangeng & van Tuijl's challenge to Crawford's claims that the ongoing exercise of power underlies the rhetoric of partnership vis-a-vis governance reform. Instead, they argue that Indonesian actors are increasingly seizing the reins of the Partnership's agenda. The attacks on the author's academic integrity are insulting & baseless. Among the points of criticism refuted are questions about the Partnership's time-frame & history; comments about the multilateral assembly of the Governing Board; & claims about the Policy Committee, senior posts, agenda-setting, & finances. It seems peculiar that Mallarangeng & van Tuijl charge the author with naivete, given their own unquestioning acceptance of donor discourses of partnership, ownership, participation, etc, & of the apparent infallibility of international donors. 3 References. K. Coddon

First Nations in British Columbia (BC), Canada, have historically been—and largely continue to be—excluded from colonial governments' decision-making and management frameworks for fresh water. However, in light of recent legal and legislative changes, and also changes in water governance and policy, there is growing emphasis in scholarship and among legal, policy and advocacy communities on shifting water governance away from a centralized single authority towards an approach that is watershed-based, collaborative, and involves First Nations as central to decisionmaking processes. Drawing on community-based research, interviews with First Nations natural resource staff and community members, and document review, the paper analyzes the tensions in collaborative water governance, by identifying First Nations' concerns within the current water governance system and exploring how a move towards collaborative watershed governance may serve to either address, or further entrench, these concerns. This paper concludes with recommendations for collaborative water governance frameworks which are specifically focused on British Columbia, but which have relevance to broader debates over Indigenous water governance. ; Science, Faculty of ; Resources, Environment and Sustainability (IRES), Institute for ; Reviewed ; Faculty ; Graduate