Suchergebnisse

La 4e de couverture indique : "Written from a comparative perspective, with an eye for international instruments and guidelines, this book deals with the particulars of international commercial arbitration. In an easily accessible manner it considers among others: • the characteristics of international commercial arbitration ; • the advantages and perceived disadvantages of international commercial arbitration ; • the pros and cons of ad hoc and institutional arbitration ; • the laws applicable in international commercial arbitration ; • the essentials of the arbitration agreement and arbitrability ; • the establishment and composition of the arbitral tribunal ; • the duty of disclosure and the challenge of arbitrators ; • the end of the arbitrators' mandate and their replacement ; • the organisation of the arbitration proceedings ; • the powers, duties and liability of arbitrators ; • the jurisdiction of the arbitral tribunal ; • the course of the arbitration proceedings, from the request for arbitration to the award ; • the form and content of the award ; • the recognition, enforcement and annulment of the award. Everything is presented practically and analytically, drawing among others on case law and the experience of the author. Where indicated national arbitration acts as well as standing arbitration rules are compared and differences highlighted. For those who want to get acquainted with international commercial arbitration or seek guidance with regard to a specific question that may arise in the course of an international commercial arbitration this book provides a convenient reference work."

THE idea that peaceful adjustment of the relations of states may result from contention among them Claude believes to be hopelessly outmoded. The presence of nuclear weapons means that any equilibrium of states, however stable it may seem, is not nearly stable enough. The task of the theorist and the statesman alike is to introduce order from above, to replace the "invisible hand" by which adjustments are contrived in systems of self-regulation with something a little more substantial. Here the juxaposition of our two authors enlivens the subject. F. H. Hinsley considers the notion of spontaneous equilibrium to be a liberating idea. He applies the eighteenth century's beautiful system of natural harmony to the world of the present and is delighted with the result. Though large-scale war would now be devastating, we need not worry. Nuclear power is absolute and nuclear states, competent to control the instruments of power at their disposal, deter each other absolutely.

The broad question posed here is how authority is distributed in the world and what shifts may be occurring in its pattern of distribution. Mainly, of course, authority is today allocated according to the Western State System, characterized in its legal mechanics by territorial rule among equals and in its political philosophy by consent of the governed. Conveniently dated from the Treaty of Westphalia and the French Revolution, the system is now more widespread than ever before.

The contrast between brave American words in support of colonial aspirations and United States military aid in support of colonial powers putting down native insurrection is painfully sharp. Checking the spread of Soviet imperialism and liquidating the remnants of old-style European imperialism are objectives which seem to stand in the way of each other. Military security can apparently be purchased only at the price of popular hostility in the colonial world. And friendship may prove unpurchasable at any price.Foreign policy making always involves a reconciliation of not wholly compatible goals, but the dilemma which United States colonial policy poses in Asia is peculiarly distasteful. What we face there today we might tomorrow face in Africa or the Pacific islands. Some action has to be improvised in the Far East at once. But this crisis also requires the United States to remove the conditions which will present similar predicaments elsewhere in the future.

This paper explores optimal biofuel subsidies in a general equilibrium trade model. The focus is on the production of biofuels such as corn‐based ethanol, which diverts corn from use as food. In the small‐country case, when the tax on crude is not available as a policy option, a second‐best biofuel subsidy may or may not be positive. In the large‐country case, the twin objectives of pollution reduction and terms‐of‐trade improvement justify a combination of crude tax and biofuel subsidy for the food exporter. Finally, we show that when both nations engage in biofuel policies, the terms‐of‐trade effects encourage the Nash equilibrium subsidy to be positive (negative) for the food exporting (importing) nation.

Internationale Migration wird in den Ländern des Nordens häufig in erster Linie als Bedrohung von Besitzständen wahrgenommen. Tatsächlich handelt es sich um ein Phänomen, das im Zuge der Globalisierung an Bedeutung gewonnen hat. Andere Regionen der Erde sind jedoch massiver und nachhaltiger betroffen als die OECD-Länder. Die Grauzone der Illegalität lässt genaue Schätzungen über das Volumen der internationalen Migration nicht zu. Moderne Industrie- und Dienstleistungsgesellschaften haben einen ständigen Bedarf an irregulärer Migration. Internationale Migration wird von der Revolutionierung des Verkehrswesens, der Auslagerung von Produktionsstätten und der Internationalisierung von Forschung und Wissenschaft gefördert. Die Globalisierung hat eine soziale Differenzierung der Migration, eine kommunikative Vernetzung der Welt, die Verarmung der Peripherien sowie die Herausbildung internationaler Netzwerke begünstigt. Zudem kommt es zu einer Feminisierung der Migration. Internationale Migration ist jedoch nicht nur ein Sicherheitsproblem, sie birgt auch Entwicklungspotenziale. (ICE2)