Suchergebnisse

Gegenstand der Untersuchung sind das "Heranwachsen eines neuen internationalen Dienstleistungsmarktes, der durch die gegenwärtig vorhandenen Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien und die Veränderung traditioneller, binnenorientierter Dienstleistungssektoren ungeahnte Qualitäten aufweist, die Frage nach der Reichweite und damit auch nach den Defiziten von Marktregulierung und die 'Antworten' der Politik". Der Verfasser untersucht technologische Innovationen und wirtschaftliche Anpassungsstrategien als Elemente der Herausbildung einer globalen Dienstleistungsökonomie und analysiert die Politikverflechtung im Schatten des internationalen Dienstleistungsmarkts. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden Ansätze der Regimebildung in der Verknüpfung von Regulierungsbereichen und der Formierung der Akteure behandelt. Ein niedriger organisatorischer Ausgestaltungsgrad, geringe Regelungsintensität und der Mangel an Kontrollmechanismen lassen erkennen, daß sich die Entwicklung eines Regimes des internationalen Dienstleistungshandelns noch im Anfangsstadium befindet. (ICE)

Cover -- CONTENTS -- CONTEXT -- RECENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS -- OUTLOOK AND RISKS -- POLICY DISCUSSIONS -- A. Prudent Fiscal Policy-Creating Fiscal Buffers in Good Times -- B. Improving Infrastructure and Containing Fiscal Risks -- C. Strengthening Inflation Targeting and the Transmission of Monetary Policy -- D. Developing a Resilient Financial Sector in Support of Economic Growth -- E. Structural Agenda-Enhancing the Business Climate and the Rule of Law -- STAFF APPRAISAL -- BOX -- 1. Tax Measures in the 2019 Budget -- FIGURES -- 1. GDP Growth and Inflation -- 2. Trade and the Current Account -- 3. Real Sector Developments -- 4. Monetary Sector Developments -- 5. External Sector Developments -- 6. Fiscal Sector Developments -- 7. Banking Sector Developments -- 8. Electricity Sector-Selected Indicators -- TABLES -- 1. Basic Indicators and Macroeconomic Framework, 2014-23 -- 2a. General Government Operations, 2014-23 (Percent of GDP) -- 2b. General Government Operations, 2014-23 (Lek billions) -- 3a. Balance of Payments, 2014-23 (Payment of GDP) -- 3b. Balance of Payments, 2014-23 (Euro millions, unless stated otherwise) -- 4. External Financing Requirement and Sources, 2014-23 -- 5. Monetary Survey, 2014-23 -- 6. Summary of Accounts of the Central Bank, 2014-23 -- ANNEXES -- I. External Sector Assessment -- II. Risk Assessment Matrix -- III. Debt Sustainability Analysis -- IV. Growth at Risk and Spillovers -- V. Arrears-Why They Persist and How to Eliminate Them -- CONTENTS -- FUND RELATIONS -- STATISTICAL ISSUES -- RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL ORGANIZATIONS.

Cover -- CONTENTS -- CONTEXT: MODERATE RECOVERY AMID FISCAL RISKS -- POLICY DISCUSSIONS -- A. Fiscal Consolidation is Essential to Ensure Debt Sustainability -- B. Monetary Policy Should Remain Accommodative -- C. Preserve External Buffers -- D. Banks are Resilient, but Interest Margins Remain High -- E. Structural Reforms are Vital to Raise Potential Growth -- F. Risks and Policy Responses -- G. Strengthening Anti-Corruption and Anti-Money Laundering Frameworks -- STAFF APPRAISAL -- BOXES -- 1. Reforming a Fiscally Unsustainable and Inequitable Pension System -- 2. Pre-salt: A Game-changer in the Brazilian Oil Sector -- 3. Assessing Reserve Adequacy in Brazil -- 4. Sensitivity of Potential GDP Growth for Brazil -- FIGURES -- 1. Recent Economic Developments -- 2. Monetary Sector Developments -- 3. Fiscal Policy -- 4. External Sector -- 5. Financial Sector -- 6. External Debt Sustainability Bound Tests -- TABLES -- 1. Selected Economic Indicators, 2017-24 -- 2. Balance of Payments, 2017-24 -- 3. Main Fiscal Indicators, 2017-24 -- 4. Depository Corporations and Monetary Aggregates, 2014-18 -- 5. Medium-Term Macroeconomic Framework, 2017-24 -- 6. External Vulnerability Indicators, 2014-19 -- 7. Financial Soundness Indicators, 2014-18 -- 8. External Debt Sustainability Framework, 2014-24 -- APPENDICES -- I. Risk Assessment Matrix -- II. External Sector Assessment 2018 -- III. Implementation of Past Advice -- IV. Implementation of Key FSAP Recommendations -- CONTENTS -- FUND RELATIONS -- RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS -- STATISTICAL ISSUES.

Cover -- CONTENTS -- THE RECOVERY IS UNDERWAY, BUT RISKS REMAIN -- POLICY DISCUSSIONS -- A. Accelerating Fiscal Consolidation -- B. Maintaining an Accommodative Monetary Stance -- C. Preserving External Balance -- D. Making the Financial System More Efficient -- E. Boosting Potential Growth -- F. Responding to Shocks -- G. Strengthening Governance -- AUTHORITIES' VIEWS -- STAFF APPRAISAL -- BOXES -- 1. Labor Markets and Informality -- 2. Fiscal Measures -- 3. Rightsizing the Government Wage Bill -- 4. FDI Inflows to Brazil -- 5. Real Wages, Labor Productivity, and External Competitiveness -- 6. Determinants of Financial Intermediation (in)Efficiency -- 7. Structural Reform Priorities for Brazil -- 8. Setting a High Bar Against Corruption -- FIGURES -- 1. Recent Economic Developments -- 2. Monetary Sector -- 3. Fiscal Policy -- 4. External Sector -- 5. Financial Sector -- 6. External Debt Sustainability Bound Test -- TABLES -- 1. Selected Economic Indicators, 2016-23 -- 2. Balance of Payments, 2016-23 -- 3. Main Fiscal Indicators, 2016-23 -- 4. Depository Corporations and Monetary Aggregates, 2014-17 -- 5. Medium-Term Macroeconomic Framework, 2016-23 -- 6. External Vulnerability Indicators, 2014-18 -- 7. Financial Soundness Indicators, 2012-17 -- 8. External Debt Sustainability Framework, 2013-23 -- APPENDICES -- I. Risk Assessment Matrix -- II. External Sector Assessment 2017 -- III. Implementation of Past Advice -- IV. FSAP Key Recommendations -- V. Fiscal Rules in Brazil -- CONTENTS -- FUND RELATIONS -- RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS -- STATISTICAL ISSUES

Cover -- CONTENTS -- INTRODUCTION -- RECENT DEVELOPMENTS -- OUTLOOK AND RISKS -- POLICY DISCUSSIONS -- A. Putting Fiscal Policy on a Sustainable Path -- B. Improving the Monetary Policy Framework -- C. Strengthening the Banking System -- D. Laying the Foundations for Sustained Strong Growth -- STAFF APPRAISAL -- BOX -- 1. Options for a Fiscal Anchor -- FIGURES -- 1. IMF Staff's Baseline and Adjustment Scenarios -- 2. Suriname, Caribbean, and Other Commodity Exporters: Real and External -- 3. Suriname, Caribbean and Other Commodity Exporters: Government Balance, Revenues and Debt -- 4. Suriname, Caribbean and Other Commodity Exporters: Government Expenditures -- 5. Fiscal Developments, 2011-18 -- 6. External Sector Developments -- 7. Money and Credit -- TABLES -- 1. Selected Economic Indicators -- 2. GDP by Expenditure -- 3a. Central Government Operations (Millions of SRD) -- 3b. Central Government Operations (Percent of GDP) -- 4a. Balance of Payments (Millions of USD) -- 4b. Balance of Payments (Percent of GDP) -- 5. Monetary Survey and Central Bank Accounts -- 6. Financial Soundness Indicators -- ANNEXES -- I. Implementation of Past Fund Advice -- II. Debt Sustainability Analysis -- III. External Sector Assessment -- IV. Risk Assessment Matrix -- V. Strengthening Banking Supervision -- CONTENTS -- FUND RELATIONS -- A. Nonfinancial Relations with the Authorities -- B. Technical Assistance (TA) Since 2011 -- RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUIONS -- STATISTICAL ISSUES -- A. Assessment of Data Adequacy for Surveillance -- B. Data Standards and Quality -- C. Reporting to STA

Cover -- CONTENTS -- BACKGROUND AND PROGRAM PERFORMANCE -- RECENT DEVELOPMENTS, OUTLOOK AND RISKS -- A. Recent Developments -- B. Outlook -- C. Risks -- POLICY DISCUSSIONS -- A. Addressing Recent Revenue Shortfalls -- B. Preserving Fiscal Sustainability and Controlling Fiscal Risks -- C. Deepening Structural Reforms to Promote the Private Sector and Inclusive Growth -- D. Improving Governance and Reducing Corruption -- PROGRAM AND OTHER ISSUES -- STAFF APPRAISAL -- BOXES -- 1. EDM's Difficult Financial Situation -- 2. Fiscal Risks -- 3. Fuel Pricing Mechanism in the Context of Increasing International Fuel Prices -- FIGURES -- 1. Macroeconomic Developments, 2011-19 -- 2. Fiscal Developments, 2005-19 -- TABLES -- 1. Selected Economic and Financial Indicators, 2013-23 -- 2. National Accounts, 2012-18 -- 3. Consolidated Fiscal Transactions of the Government, 2013-23 (Billions of CFA francs) -- 4. Consolidated Fiscal Transactions of the Government, 2018 (Billions of CFA francs) -- 5. Consolidated Fiscal Transactions of the Government, 2013-23 (Percent of GDP) -- 5. Consolidated Fiscal Transactions of the Government, 2013-23 -- 6. Balance of Payments, 2013-23 -- 7. Monetary Survey, 2013-19 -- 8. Financial Soundness Indicators for the Banking Sector, 2009-18 -- 9. Schedule of Disbursements Under the ECF Arrangement, 2013-18 -- 10. Indicators of Capacity to Repay the Fund, 2018-27 -- 11. Performance Criteria and Indicators for 2018 -- 12. Summary of External Borrowing Program -- 13. Proposed Structural Benchmarks for 2018 -- APPENDIX -- I. Letter of Intent

Cover -- CONTENTS -- BACKGROUND -- RECENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS, OUTLOOK AND RISKS -- POLICY DISCUSSIONS -- A. Fiscal Policy: Frontloading Adjustment followed by Gradualism -- B. Monetary and Exchange Rate Policies: Modernizing Frameworks -- C. Financial Sector: Tackling Vulnerabilities -- D. Supporting Private Sector Led Growth and Economic Diversification -- E. Data Issues -- STAFF APPRAISAL -- FIGURES -- 1. Selected High Frequency Indicators, 2008-18 -- 2. Selected Monetary Indicators, 2010-17 -- 3. Fiscal Projections, International Reserves, and Exchange Rate, 2011-17 -- 4. Fiscal Developments, 2007-18 -- 5. Monetary Developments, 2012-18 -- 6. External Sector Developments, 2005-18 -- 7. Risk Assessment Matrix (January 2018) -- 8. Main Recommendations of 2016 Article IV Consultation and their Status -- 9. Foreign Exchange Policy Measures and the IMF Articles of Agreement -- TABLES -- 1. Main Economic Indicators, 2010-23 -- 2a. Statement of Central Government Operations, 2010-19 (Billions of local currency) -- 2b. Statement of Central Government Operations, 2010-19 (Percent of GDP) -- 2c. Statement of Central Government Operations, 2010-19 (Percent of non-oil GDP) -- 3. Monetary Accounts, 2010-19 -- 4. Balance of Payments, 2010-19 -- 5. Financial Stability Indicators, December 2013-December 2017 -- ANNEXES -- I. External Sector Balance Assessment -- II. Human Development and Social Spending -- III. Capacity Development Strategy for FY2019 -- CONTENTS -- FUND RELATIONS -- JOINT IMF-WORLD BANK MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN -- STATISTICAL ISSUES.

Cover -- CONTENTS -- CONTEXT -- RECENT DEVELOPMENTS -- OUTLOOK AND RISKS -- KEY POLICY ISSUES -- A. Fiscal Policy -- B. Monetary and Exchange Rate Policies -- C. Financial Stability -- D. Raising potential output and fostering inclusive growth -- SAFEGUARDS ASSESSMENT -- STAFF APPRAISAL -- BOXES -- 1. Exchange Rate Pass-through Estimates -- 2. Pemex: Key Reforms and Recent Developments -- 3. Pension Issues -- 4. Evaluating Mexico's Monetary Policy Stance -- 5. Household and Corporate Sector Balance Sheets: A Health Check -- 6. Results from stress tests of the financial system from the 2016 FSAP -- 7. Female Labor Force Participation -- FIGURES -- 1. Real Sector -- 2. Prices and Inflation -- 3. Financial Sector -- 4. External Sector -- 5. Reserve Coverage in an International Perspective, 2015 -- 6. Banking System -- 7. Labor Market Indicators -- 8. Nonfinancial Corporate Sector -- 9. Fiscal Sector -- TABLES -- 1. Selected Economic, Financial and Social Indicators -- 2a. Financial Operations of the Public Sector, Authorities' Presentation -- 2b. Financial Operations of the Public Sector, GFSM 2001 Presentation -- 3. Public Sector Financial Balance Sheet -- 4. Summary Balance of Payments -- 5. Financial Soundness Indicators -- 6. Financial Indicators and Measures of External Vulnerabilities -- 7. Baseline Medium-Term Projections -- 8. Net Intersectoral Asset and Liability Positions, 2015 -- ANNEXES -- I. Risk Assessment Matrix -- II. External Sector Assessment -- CONTENTS -- FUND RELATIONS -- RELATIONS WITH THE WORLD BANK -- STATISTICAL ISSUES.

Preliminary Material /Karel Wellens -- International Law Mastering the Future: Global Governance Millennium Development Goal /Paul de Waart -- Judicial Activism in Strasbourg /Marc Bossuyt -- Reflections on the Future of International Criminal Law /Harry H.G. Post -- Sixty Years in the Life of an International Lawyer Both as a Teacher and a Practitioner /Eric Suy -- New Developments in the Cyprus Question – The Beginning of the End, or the End of the Beginning? /Neri Sybesma-Knol -- The International Court of Justice, Back to the Future: Keeping the Dream Alive /Karel Wellens.