Suchergebnisse

As part of on-going efforts to optimize the electrical performance and stability of molecular electronic components, anchor groups that bind molecules to electrode surfaces via multiple points of connection (multipodal contacts) have begun to attract attention. Here an oligo(arylene)ethynylene (OAE) derivative with 'tripodal' 2,6-bis((methylthio)methyl)pyridine anchoring groups at both molecular termini has been prepared and used to form well-ordered monolayer Langmuir films at the air–water interface. These films were transferred onto solid supports (surface pressure of transference 8 mN m−1) to give homogeneous, densely packed, monolayer Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films, which efficiently block a gold electrode surface. Within the surface-supported LB film, the molecules are oriented with a tilt angle of approximately 30° to the surface normal and contacted through both the 'buttressed' methylthioether groups and the pyridine nitrogen atom, as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS). Molecular junctions formed by contact of a single molecule within the film by the "STM touch-to-contact" method give a most probable molecular conductance of 4.4 × 10−5G0. This value compares well with the single molecule conductance of 1,4-bis(pyridin-4-ylethynyl)benzene determined by a variety of methods (3.2–5.4 × 10−5G0), indicating that the addition of the buttressing groups does not perturb the favourable electrical characteristics of the pyridyl contacting group. Consistent with these conductance data, a transition voltage (Vtrans = 0.48 V) was observed for this 'buttressed', pyridine-contacted OAE derivative, indicating relatively good alignment of the metal electrode Fermi level and the frontier molecular orbitals. ; E. E. gratefully acknowledges the award of a DGA fellowship from Government of Aragon. P. C. is grateful for financial assistance from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad from Spain and fondos FEDER in the framework of the project MAT2016-78257-R. S. M. and P. C. also acknowledge DGA/fondos FEDER (construyendo Europa desde Aragón) for funding the research group Platón (E31_17R). R. J. N. and D. C. M are grateful for financial assistance from the EPSRC (grants EP/M029522/1, EP/M005046/1 and EP/M014169/1). P. J. L. gratefully acknowledges support from the Australian Research Council (DP190100073 and DP190100074). S. B. thanks the University of Western Australia for the award of an International Postgraduate Research Scholarship. The authors also thank Dr G. Antorrena for technical support in XPS studies. H. M. O. is grateful for financial assistance from Escuela Politécnica Nacional in the framework of projects PII-DFIS-02-2018 and PIS-17-12. ; Peer reviewed

Knowledge of an additional language may be associated with enhanced earnings because of its actual value in the workplace, or its value as a screen for ability. Previously available data did not indicate whether bilingualism was actually practiced. The 2001 Census reports, for the first time, the primary and secondary languages used at work. Conditioning on both language knowledge and language use determines the additional earnings that can be attributed to the use of a second official language. We find substantial, statistically significant, rewards to second official language use in Quebec and insignificant effects in the Rest-of-Canada.

Music has been an important part of Yugoslav society, identity and national consciousness throughout the whole existence of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. This article focuses on implementation of Brotherhood and Unity ideology into Yugoslav popular music in 1970s and 1980s of 20th century in wider historical, cultural and political context. Building on wide range of primary and secondary sources (mainly of western, central and south-eastern European provenience), that has not been yet used and analysed in depth, it seeks to analyse how state ideology affected Yugoslav music and thus society. The aim of the article is by using comparative analysis and methodology developed by Serge R. Denisoff, bring completely new and yet unpublished view on phenomenon of Brotherhood and Unity ideology and its connection to popular music-put much-needed light on the complicated social and cultural relations between Yugoslav nations through music phenomenon. This topic is very important since state doctrine, national narratives, historical memory affect current and also future development of Ex-Yugoslav regions what is clearly visible on elaborated material

We examined the relationship between perceived organizational justice and coping styles in a cross-cultural comparison. Data were collected from university students in Paris, France (individualist culture; N = 192, age M = 21.6) and Istanbul, Turkey (collectivist culture;
N = 251, age M = 22). The questionnaire (adapted from Colquitt, 2001) included ratings of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice at the university, and a coping style inventory (Vitaliano, Russo, Carr, Maiuro, & Becker, 1985) measuring preference for problem-focused
coping, emotion-focused coping and seeking social support. In the Turkish data social-support seeking was higher than in the French sample and it was positively correlated with justice perceptions. When seeking social support was linked to problem-focused coping, it was also linked to a more
positive evaluation of justice in the Turkish, but not the French data.