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Indonesia's policy of customary land regulation does not eradicate the problems faced by indigenous people. Disputes over customary land proprietary rights continue to occur even in this current era of decentralization and democracy. Departing from empirical phenomena, this study aims to uncover customary land policy dilemmas and explore strategies to reconstruct customary land policies in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative approach to literature study methods. This study was conducted in Indonesia and uses various cases of customary land policy from the provinces of Riau, East Kalimantan, and Papua. The data collected in this study is derived from books, documents, journals, research results, and news in electronic media. The results of the study show that Indonesia has a policy dilemma in the regulation of customary land for a number of reasons. First, customary land policies governed by customary law and national law often result in disputes. Second, in relation to natural resources management, there is no synchronization and harmony between sectoral laws and the Basic Principles of Agrarian Law (UUPA). Third, the government is yet to create policies at the local level regarding the protection and recognition of customary land. Therefore, the ideal strategy of policy reconstruction is to create a synergy between government institutions and all stakeholders in the policymaking process of customary land regulation. The conclusion of this study is that the policy dilemma of customary land in Indonesia will continue to occur if the government does not involve the participation of indigenous people and groups of interest in the policymaking process of customary land regulation.

The management model for the National Solid Waste Policy to develop sustainable actions, proposes the social inclusion of recyclable waste pickers in the waste management system. Compliance with the law, the form of participation of the waste pickers, and incentive mechanisms are configured as a relationship open to analysis. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the potentials and limitations of a recycling cooperative, in terms of social technologies and inclusion, to encourage local development. The qualitative approach was aided by structured questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and participant observation. The resulting evidence suggests that the organization of a cooperative, enabled access to information on the legislation of the National Solid Waste Policy. It showed the need to strengthen relationships with education institutions and public authorities. Despite the low levels of education of the members of the cooperative, projects and knowledge could be developed to aid social technologies. No technological innovations were observed, nor the production of alternative artifacts for recyclable materials. This weakens the cooperative in terms of articulation among peers, most notably the integration of the Catamare cooperative in the network of Cataparaná ; to support the sale of material produced for industry. It may be concluded that joining the cooperative improved the social, economic, and political conditions of the members, but there were also structural limits to the recycling production chain that were not considered in the National Solid Waste Policy ; and to a certain extent this weakens the development of sustainable actions. Furthermore, the organization of the cooperative hindered the development of social technologies and the social inclusion of the waste pickers.

Qatar has only recently emerged as a player in the foreign policy arena. The first sign of what has become a highly distinctive role was the establishment of Al Jazeera, which has changed for ever the way that news media are seen across the Arab world. Qatar then successfully mediated in several conflicts in the region, before playing an active role in the aftermath of the Arab Spring and taking a lead on Libya. Syria poses more of a problem. But Qatar, as a small, rich country in an unpredictable region, now enjoys a high level of global recognition as an independent state. (Asian Aff/GIGA)

The voluntary sector has long been seen as the foundation of a healthy civil society (DeTocqueville, 1961; Leonard & Onyx, 2003). Yet, substantial growth in the last two decades in demand for voluntary sector services in Canada has been accompanied by a significant reduction in government resources supporting the sector's activities (Browne, 1996). This confluence of demand growth and decreased governmental support has resulted in increased competition among voluntary organizations for both capital and human resources (Meinhard & Foster, 2000). Furthermore, the ethnic transformation of Canadian society has raised knowledge, policy and practical issues across all sectors, including the voluntary sector. These conditions have pushed many in the voluntary sector to reach beyond their traditional bases of support to consider hitherto untapped segments of society, and have pushed governments to rely more and more on the voluntary sector for the development of social integration. However, research on the Canadian voluntary sector, particularly with a cross-cultural lens, is a relatively new research domain, with many gaps in the knowledge base. As a starting point, Berger (2004) and Berger & Azaria (2004) have proposed, tested and supported a framework that traces the relationship between sub-group identity and volunteering, as mediated by attitudes, norms and social barriers. In this paper we extend this framework and consider the role of civic engagement in processes of social cohesion and social integration. We use the 2002 Ethnic Diversity Survey (EDS) to investigate how engagement in the voluntary sector contributes to the development of both bonding and bridging social cohesion, and thereby, social integration. Keywords: CVSS, Centre for Voluntary Sector Studies, Working Paper Series,TRSM, Ted Rogers School of Management Citation: ; Berger, I., Foster, M. & Meinhard, A. (2005). Civic engagement, social cohesion and social integration in Toronto, Canada (Working Paper Series Volume 2005 (4)). Toronto: Ted Rogers School of Management, Centre for Voluntary Sector Studies, Ryerson University.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: Development Discourse: Change Versus Continuity -- Chapter 1: Introduction: Development Discourse and Its Challenges and Directions -- Chapter 2: The Narrative Foundations of International Development -- Chapter 3: Managing Social Change 1n Complex Environments: A Chaos Approach to Environmental Impacts -- Chapter 4: Sustainable Development: What Does Sustainability Mean to Individuals in the Conduct of Their Lives and Businesses? -- Chapter 5: The Myths of Economic Growth (GNP): Implications for Human Development -- Chapter 6: Social Scientific Knowledge and American Interests: An Episode in the Development of Development Theory -- Part II: Development Domains and Their Significance -- Chapter 7: Development as a Multidimensional Concern -- Chapter 8: From Development Administration to New Public Management in Postcolonial Settings: Internal Problems, External Prescriptions -- Chapter 9: Evaluating Indicators for Rural Women's Socioeconomic Development: The Case of Thailand -- Chapter 10: Fossilization of Chinese Customs Under Colonial Rule in Hong Kong: Implications for Gender and Development -- Chapter 11: Information and Communication Technologies as Tools for Development: Between Skepticism and Optimism -- Part III: Development Policy Issues in Major Sectors -- Chapter 12: Smallholder Response to Population Pressure and Adversity in Rwanda -- Chapter 13: Structural Adjustment in Bulgarian Agriculture -- Chapter 14: Factors Affecting Sustainable Health Care Management Programs in Post-Soviet Transitional Economies -- Chapter 15: The Impact of HIV/AIDS on Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: Policy Implications -- Chapter 16: Industrial Development Policies and Strategies: The African Case

Development education is a radical form of learning that addresses the structural causes of poverty, inequality and injustice in the global North and South. It equips learners with the skills, values, attitudes and understanding needed to take effective action toward social change. This comprehensive collection rigorously debates development education practice in the formal and informal education sectors and the policy environment in which it is delivered. It affirmatively points to the transformative power of education to engage learners in actions that tackle the underlying factors that sustain poverty. With neoliberalism in crisis and poverty enveloping the global North, the book argues that development education has an important role to play in debating alternative paradigms of development informed by social need and sustainability. The global cast of authors with extensive experience of the sector provide an indispensable guide to a burgeoning area of education

This article addresses the recently discovered connection between domestic violence and welfare dependency." Empirical research among welfare populations shows that over 50% of women receiving welfare are or have recently been battered, and that partner abuse is a major reason for the continuing poverty of many women.The question the author asks and begins to answer is why this connection has not previously been identified or publicized by either the battered women's movement or the anti‐poverty movement, and what the challenge may be to both movements as they attempt to address it in the context of welfare reform. The author argues that the connection has not been previously addressed because of the somewhat conflicting ideologies underlying both movements. The battered women's movement is defined in part by its strong moral denunciation of male abusers and assertion of the victimization of women by men. The anti‐poverty movement is reluctant to demonize half of the poor population, particularly in light of the conservative welfare reformers' emphasis on "character" as the main cause of poverty. The article argues that we must – and can – find a way to synthesize the feminist emphasis on interpersonal justice and morality with the anti‐poverty movement's recognition of the larger social causes of poverty. The perspectives of both movements must be enlarged to recognize the multiple layers of victimization which poor women and men endure; and both movements will be revitalized by this cross‐fertilization.

Considering the current challenges to human progress, this reference book examines recent theories, policies, and sectoral priorities, as well as various social, economic, and administrative factors that impact worldwide modernization and development. The book emphasizes the fact that communities must evaluate continuously and adjust their program activities in order to achieve a genuine mode of development. This volume includes case studies demonstrating effective applications of the major operational tools for the layout and execution of major development policies and examines the current trends and future directions in development theories, policies, and practices in the 21st century.