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This volume is an historical survey of advisory and mentoring missions from the 1940s onwards, starting from the Soviet missions to the Kuomintang and ending with the mission to Iraq. It focuses on Afghanistan during the Soviet occupation and after 2001, but also deals with virtually every single advisory mission from the 1940s onwards, whether involving 'Eastern Bloc' countries or Western ones. The sections on Afghanistan are based on new research, while the sections covering other cases of advisory/mentoring missions are based on the existing literature. The authors highlight how large-scale missions have been particularly problematic, causing friction with the hosts and sometimes even undermining their legitimacy. Small missions staffed by more carefully selected cadres appear instead to have produced better results. Overall, the political context may well have been a more important factor in determining success or failure rather than aspects such as cultural misunderstandings.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Part I. Rethinking Authority in an Era of Media and Religious Change -- Chapter 1. Religious Authority in the Media Age -- Chapter 2. The Media and Religious Authority from Ancient to Modern -- Chapter 3. Media and (Vicarious) Religion Two Levels of Religious Authority -- Chapter 4. Religious Authority and Social Media Branding in a Culture of Religious Celebrification -- Part II. Case Studies -- Chapter 5. Satellite Publics Moral Identity and New Media in Moroccan Islam -- Chapter 6. Examining All the Realms of Nature Evidence, Insight, and the Quest for Knowledge in Modern Thailand -- Chapter 7. Cyber Memorial Zones and Shamanic Inheritance in Korea -- Chapter 8. Baadaass Mamas Race, Sex, and Afro-Religiosity in Sankofa -- Chapter 9. Techno-Vodou Transnational Flows in the Spiritual Marketplace -- Chapter 10. Evangelical Media for Youth and Religious Authority in Brazil -- Chapter 11. The Authority of the Image Sex, Religion, and the Text/Image Conflict in Craig Thompson's Blankets -- Afterword. The Media and Religious Authority -- Contributors -- Index

"Basic income is an innovative, powerful egalitarian response to widening global inequalities and poverty experiences in society, one that runs counter to the neoliberal transformations of modern welfare states, social security, and labor market programs. This book is the first collective volume of its kind to ask whether a basic income offers a viable solution to the income support systems in Australia and New Zealand. Though often neglected in discussions of basic income, both countries are advanced liberal democracies dominated by neoliberal transformations of the welfare state, and therefore have great potential to advance debates on the topic. The contributors' essays and case studies explore the historical basis on which a basic income program might stand in these two countries, the ideological nuances and complexities of implementing such a policy, and ideas for future development that might allow the program to be put into practice regionally and applied internationally"--

The increased frequency and severity of coastal storms is increasingly reported in various media, is this a myth or a reality? Three authors gathering experience in coastal science (including modeling), legislation and history give a snapshot of the topic and discuss facts and figures in the light of media's reports. The book will focus on the knowledge base on extreme coastal storms (including storm surges) and include discussions on early warning system for the reliable prediction of morphological impacts due to marine storm events in support of civil protection mitigation strategies. A first part will review the current understanding of the processes generating the events, the morphological evolution of coastlines during and after the events, the methods for monitoring the process as it occurs or for post-event appraisal. A second part will provide insight into the policy framework related to coastal storms (and flooding), and a third part will describe the Xynthia case study

The State continues to remain an important shareholder in listed companies worldwide, especially among emerging economies, which rely increasingly on mixed-ownership models. With the benefit of hindsight and more recent examples, this book provides fresh perspectives on the motivation to list state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and the process it entails. Drawing from the experiences of five economies (People's Republic of China, India, New Zealand, Poland and Turkey), the book concludes that broadened ownership generally has a positive impact on the governance and performance of these companies. However, country practices show that the act of listing cannot guarantee that these companies are completely averse to State interests; and deviations from sound corporate governance practices, as enshrined in the OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of SOEs, can in some cases, raise concerns with regards to non-State shareholder rights, commercial orientation, board independence, conflicting State objectives, transparency, disclosure and more.

Infrastructure forms the economic backbone of modern society. It is a key determinant of economic competitiveness, social well-being and environmental sustainability. Yet infrastructure systems (energy, transport, water, waste and ICT) in advanced economies globally face serious challenges. For the first time, a leading team of researchers sets out a systematic approach to making long-term choices about national infrastructure systems. Great Britain is used as a case study to demonstrate how the methodologies and accompanying models can be effectively applied in a national infrastructure assessment. Lessons and insights for other industrialised nations and emerging economies are highlighted, demonstrating practical scenarios for delivering infrastructure services in a wide range of future socio-economic and environmental conditions. The Future of National Infrastructure provides practitioners, policy-makers, and academics with the concepts, models and tools needed to identify and test robust, sustainable, and resilient strategies for the provision of national infrastructure.

Commanding Military Power offers a new explanation of why some armed forces are stronger than others. Ryan Grauer advances a 'command structure theory' which combines insights from organization theory, international relations, and security studies literatures to provide a unique perspective on military power. Specifically, armed forces organized to facilitate swift and accurate perception of and response to battlefield developments will cope better with war's inherent uncertainty, use resources effectively, and, quite often, win. Case studies of battles from the Russo-Japanese War, Chinese Civil War and Korean War, based on new archival research, underscore the argument, showing that even smaller and materially weaker militaries can fight effectively against and defeat larger and better endowed adversaries when they are organizationally prepared to manage uncertainty. That organization often matters more than numbers and specific tools of war has crucial implications for both contemporary and future thinking about and efforts to improve martial strength.

In commemoration of Constantine's grant of freedom of religion to Christians, this wide-ranging volume examines the ambiguous legacy of this emperor in relation to the present world, discussing the perennial challenges of relations between religions and governments. The authors examine the new global ecumenical movement inspired by Pentecostals, the role of religion in the Irish Easter rebellion against the British, and the relation between religious freedom and government in the United States. Other essays debate the relation of Islam to the violence in Nigeria, the place of the family in church-state relations in the Philippines, the role of confessional identity in the political struggles in the Balkans, and the construction of Slavophile identity in nineteenth-century Russian Orthodox political theology. The volume also investigates the contrast between written constitutions and actual practice in the relations between governments and religions in Australia, Indonesia, and Egypt. The case studies and surveys illuminate both specific contexts and also widespread currents in religion-state relations across the world

Aston challenges and reshapes the on-going debate concerning social status, economic opportunity, and gender roles in nineteenth-century society. Sources including trade directories, census returns, probate records, newspapers, advertisements, and photographs are analysed and linked to demonstrate conclusively that women in nineteenth-century England were far more prevalent in business than previously acknowledged. Moreover, women were able to establish and expand their businesses far beyond the scope of inter-generational caretakers in sectors of the economy traditionally viewed as unfeminine, and acquire the assets and possessions that were necessary to secure middle-class status. These women serve as a powerful reminder that the middle-class woman's retreat from economic activity during the nineteenth-century, so often accepted as axiomatic, was not the case. In fact, women continued to act as autonomous and independent entrepreneurs, and used business ownership as a platform to participate in the economic, philanthropic, and political public sphere

This innovative volume introduces readers to a variety of disciplinary and methodological approaches used to examine the intersections of religion and migration. A range of leading figures in this field consider the roles of religion throughout various types of migration, including forced, voluntary, and economic. They discuss examples of migrations at all levels, from local to global, and critically examine case studies from various regional contexts across the globe. The book grapples with the linkages and feedback between religion and migration, exploring immigrant congregations, activism among and between religious groups, and innovations in religious thought in light of migration experiences, among other themes. The contributors demonstrate that religion is an important factor in migration studies and that attention to the intersection between religion and migration augments and enriches our understandings of religion. Ultimately, this volume provides a crucial survey of a burgeoning cross-disciplinary, interreligious, and global area of study

1. Introduction : the accountability challenge / Elin Skaar, Jemima Garcia-Godos, and Cath Collins -- 2. Analytical framework / Elin Skaar, Cath Collins, and Jemima Garcia-Godos -- 3. Argentina : regional protagonist of transitional justice / Lorena Balardini -- 4. Uruguay : halfway towards accountability / Francesca Lessa and Elin Skaar -- 5. Brazil : the tortuous path to truth and justice / Glenda Mezarobba -- 6. Chile : incremental truth, late justice / Cath Collins with Boris Hau -- 7. Paraguay : accountability in the shadow of Stroessner / Cath Collins -- 8. El Salvador : the difficult fight against impunity / Elena Martinez Barahona and Martha Liliana Gutierrez Salazar -- 9. Guatemala : truth and memory on trial / Jemima Garcia-Godos and Luis Raul Salvado -- 10. Peru : beyond paradigmatic cases / Jemima Garcia-Godos and Felix Reategui -- 11. Colombia : transitional justice before transition / Nelson Camilo Sanchez Leon, Jemima Garcia-Godos, and Catalina Vallejo -- 12. Conclusions : the uneven road towards accountability in Latin America / Elin Skaar, Cath Collins, and Jemima Garcia-Godos.

Preliminary Material /Hiroshi Tarohmaru -- Labor Markets, Gender, and Social Stratification in East Asia: An Introduction /Hiroshi Tarohmaru -- Gender Difference in Unemployment Risk in the Face of Globalization: Effects of Institutional Factors in the Case of Japan and Taiwan /Yusuke Sakaguchi -- Economic Crisis, Labor Market Restructuring and Job Mobility in Korea: 1998–2008 /Hanam Phang -- The Impact of a Changing Employment System on Women's Employment upon Marriage and after Childbirth in Japan /Reiko Yamato -- Can Active Labor Market Policies Enhance the Suicide-Preventive Effect of Intimacy? A Dynamic Panel Analysis of 27 oecd Countries Including Japan and Korea, 1980–2007 /Haruka Shibata -- An Inter Regional Comparison of Occupational Gender Segregation in Japan /Akiko Oda , Hiroshi Tarohmaru and Reiko Yamato -- Who Succeeds in Self-Employment? The Role of Family, Gender, and Labor Market Structures /Hirohisa Takenoshita -- Where Materialism Still Matters: Status Identity in East Asia /Chin-Fen Chang , Guihua Xie , Rie Takamatsu and Young-Mi Kim -- Name Index /Hiroshi Tarohmaru -- Subject Index /Hiroshi Tarohmaru.

From an airstrip in Saudi Arabia, the CIA launches drones to 'legally' kill Al-Qaida leaders in Yemen. On the North Pole, Russia plants a flag on the seabed to extend legal claim over resources. In Brussels, the European Commission unveils its Emissions Trading System, extending environmental jurisdiction globally over foreign airlines. And at Frankfurt Airport, a father returning from holiday is detained because his name appears on a security list. Today, legality commands substantial currency in world affairs, yet growing reference to international legality has not marked the end of strategic struggles in global affairs. Rather, it has shifted the field and manner of play for a plurality of actors who now use, influence and contest the way that law's rule is applied to address global problems. Drawing on a range of case studies, this volume explores the various meanings and implications of legality across scholarly, institutional and policy settings

Nigeria is famous for "419" emails asking recipients for bank account information and for scandals involving the disappearance of billions of dollars from government coffers. Corruption permeates even minor official interactions, from traffic control to university admissions. In Moral Economies of Corruption Steven Pierce provides a cultural history of the last 150 years of corruption in Nigeria as a case study for considering how corruption plays an important role in the processes of political change in all states. He suggests that corruption is best understood in Nigeria, as well as in all other nations, as a culturally contingent set of political discourses and historically embedded practices. The best solution to combatting Nigerian government corruption, Pierce contends, is not through attempts to prevent officials from diverting public revenue to self-interested ends, but to ask how public ends can be served by accommodating Nigeria's history of patronage as a fundamental political principle.

Intro -- Half Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Part 1: Rethinking Authority in an Era of Media and Religious Change -- 1. Religious Authority in the Media Age -- 2. The Media and Religious Authority from Ancient to Modern -- 3. Media and (Vicarious) Religion: Two Levels of Religious Authority -- 4. Religious Authority and Social Media Branding in a Culture of Religious Celebrification -- Part 2: Case Studies -- 5. Satellite Publics: Moral Identity and New Media in Moroccan Islam -- 6. Examining All the Realms of Nature: Evidence, Insight, and the Quest for Knowledge in Modern Thailand -- 7. Cyber Memorial Zones and Shamanic Inheritance in Korea -- 8. Baadaass Mamas: Race, Sex, and Afro-Religiosity in Sankofa -- 9. Techno-Vodou: Transnational Flows in the Spiritual Marketplace -- 10. Evangelical Media for Youth and Religious Authority in Brazil -- 11. The Authority of the Image: Sex, Religion, and the Text/Image Conflict in Craig Thompson's Blankets -- Afterword: The Media and Religious Authority -- List of Contributors -- Index -- Back Cover.