Suchergebnisse

"This book critically analyzes US political-military strategy by arguing that freedom of the seas discourse is fundamentally unfit for an era of maritime great power competition. The work conducts a genealogical intellectual history of freedom of the seas discourse in U.S. foreign policy to show how the concept has evolved over time to facilitate American control over the global ocean space. It concludes that the contemporary discourse works to establish the high seas as an arena free from claims of sovereignty so that the United States, as the presumed unrivaled naval power, can intervene globally on behalf of its national interests. However, since sea control strategies depend on a preponderance of material force, as the U.S. wanes in relative material capability it becomes less able to support political-military strategies predicated on the assumption of global naval dominance. The book provides a timely commentary on the current geopolitical competition between the United States and China, and critiques the US approach towards China in the maritime domain in order to highlight potential avenues of foreign policy action that may enable the two countries to mitigate the risk of conflict. This book will be of much interest to students of naval history, maritime security, US foreign policy and International Relations"--

"This book critically analyzes US political-military strategy by arguing that freedom of the seas discourse is fundamentally unfit for an era of maritime great power competition. The work conducts a genealogical intellectual history of freedom of the seas discourse in U.S. foreign policy to show how the concept has evolved over time to facilitate American control over the global ocean space. It concludes that the contemporary discourse works to establish the high seas as an arena free from claims of sovereignty so that the United States, as the presumed unrivaled naval power, can intervene globally on behalf of its national interests. However, since sea control strategies depend on a preponderance of material force, as the U.S. wanes in relative material capability it becomes less able to support political-military strategies predicated on the assumption of global naval dominance. The book provides a timely commentary on the current geopolitical competition between the United States and China, and critiques the US approach towards China in the maritime domain in order to highlight potential avenues of foreign policy action that may enable the two countries to mitigate the risk of conflict. This book will be of much interest to students of naval history, maritime security, US foreign policy and International Relations"--

This book analyzes when, how, why, and to what effect China has used its armed forces in recent decades to coerce other actors in the international system. Over the past 20 years, China's international status as a great power has become undeniable. China's peaceful rise has included substantial investments in military modernization and an increasingly assertive regional posture. While China has not waged war since 1979, it has frequently resorted to what the U.S. State Department has referred to as gangster tactics - threats, intimidation, and armed confrontation - to advance its strategic aims. This volume illuminates the ways in which China has employed its military and paramilitary tools to coerce other states, and examines the motivations and specific foreign policy objectives that China has pursued using force short of war. The study presents new analysis of an original dataset on coercive actions undertaken by China's armed forces, taking into account the political objectives pursued and the environmental contexts in which these operations occurred. It also presents a series of expert case studies addressing the most consequential examples of China using force to coerce in recent decades. The volume contributes to a more historically informed, empirically based understanding of great power competition. This book will be of much interest to students of Chinese security and foreign policy, strategic studies, Asian politics and International Relations.

Intro -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- List of Figures -- 1 Introduction -- References -- 2 Disparities and Diversification: Feminists in Europe Study War and/or Militaries -- Introduction -- Vital Caveats: 'IR Scholarship,' 'On War and Militaries,' 'Within Europe'? -- Militaries -- Militarism and Militarization -- Military Masculinities -- Fighting Women -- Military Families -- War -- Everyday War -- Counterinsurgency -- Conflict-Related Sexual Violence -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- 3 Feminist Security Studies in Europe: Beyond Western Academics' Club -- Introduction -- What, Where, and Who Is Feminist Security Studies? -- What is Missing? -- European Feminist Security Studies: Theories, Methodologies, Issues -- Issues and Silences -- Theories and Methods -- Concluding Thoughts -- References -- 4 Feminist Peace Research in Europe: A Snapshot -- Introduction -- Feminist Engagements with/for Peace -- A Mapping of Feminist Peace Research in Europe -- Centers of Excellence and the Production of Feminist Peace Research -- Leveraging the WPS Agenda in Peacebuilding: Negotiations, Sexual Violence, and Hybridity -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Feminist Scholarship in Europe on the Politics of International Migration -- Introduction -- Critical Feminist Interventions in Migration Studies -- Border (In)securities and Sovereignty -- Conflict and Displacement: Determining Inclusive Refugeehood -- The Politics of Intimacy and Belonging -- Global Relations of Labor and Care -- Conclusion -- References -- 6 Feminist International Political Economy in Europe -- Introduction -- Capitalism and Neoliberalism: Connecting Discourses, Policies, and Everyday Implications -- Analyzing International Development Discourses and Organizations -- Reflexive Exercises on the Governance of Neoliberalism and Development and Feminists.

"The British and American campaigns in the European Theater of Operations during World War II rank among the most impressive examples of coalition warfare in history. In just eighteen months, the US and British armies integrated their planning, intelligence, and command structures more thoroughly than any previous alliance. Millions of British and American soldiers fighting alongside one another liberated North Africa, France, Italy, and Western Germany. How did these two armies come together so quickly? How did they combine their forces to a degree never seen before among the services of sovereign nations? And how did they sustain their alliance in the face of severe disagreements and battlefield setbacks? In Forging the Anglo-American Alliance, Taylor Bamford answers these questions by presenting the first history of the two armies' relations from 1917 to 1941. Through personal interactions and military education in the years leading up to World War II, army officers shared large amounts of military intelligence and formed positive opinions of one another. As the threat of Germany and Japan grew, army officers were the first to anticipate the need for an alliance between their nations and to begin thinking about ways to structure their combined forces. Using untapped archival sources, official reports, and officers' personal papers, Bamford presents an important and engaging new analysis"--

Intro -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1: Introduction -- Cultural Constructs in the DSM-5 -- Definition of Culture to Improve Clinical Care -- Culture and Mental Health Conceptual Model -- Training and Education -- Survivors, Special Populations, and Systems and Settings -- Clinical Case Vignettes -- Conclusion and Future Directions -- References -- Part I: Survivors -- 2: Survivors of Torture -- Vignette -- Introduction -- Definitions -- Intersection with Healthcare -- Screening and Assessment -- Treatment -- Psychotherapy Treatments -- Pharmacologic Treatments -- Social and Legal Services -- Children and Adolescents -- Pregnancy -- Conclusion -- Summary of High-Yield Points -- References -- 3: Survivors of Human Trafficking -- Introduction -- Cultural Considerations of Human Trafficking -- Criminal Justice System -- A Criminal Justice Approach to Trafficking -- Community and Police Relations -- Immigration Policy -- Race -- Racial Stereotypes -- Media -- Mental Health -- Access to Services and Legal Outcomes -- Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) -- Family Structure -- Socioeconomic Factors -- Gender -- Vignette -- Psychiatric Assessment and Treatment of Human Trafficking Survivors -- Assessment -- Treatment Recommendations -- Trauma-Informed Care -- Culturally Responsive Care -- Addressing Clinician Bias -- Systemic Changes -- Conclusion -- Summary of High-Yield Points -- References -- 4: Survivors of Combat Trauma -- Introduction -- Background -- Military Structure and Organization -- The Pillars of Military Culture -- Combat and Its Effects -- Combat Trauma in the Modern Day -- Defining the Problem -- Factors Impacting Care -- Vignette -- Case Discussion -- Comments and Recommendations -- Summary of High-Yield Points -- References -- Part II: Special Populations -- 5: Co-occurring Disorders -- Introduction -- Background.

The 2018 U.S. National Defense Strategy instructed the U.S. military to become more operationally unpredictable and suggested that doing so would help the United States deter attacks on U.S. partners. The authors of this report propose a definition of U.S. operational unpredictability-adversary uncertainty about how the United States would fight; develop four potential approaches for increasing U.S. operational unpredictability and deterring attacks on U.S. allies and partners; and assess how the four approaches could affect U.S. relations with Russia and China. They also examine two Cold War-era cases in which the United States sought to be more operationally unpredictable. The authors find that increasing adversaries' perceptions of U.S. operational unpredictability may be possible if the United States has detailed information about their operational analysis and decisionmaking processes. The most promising way to increase U.S. operational unpredictability is to publicize new U.S. capabilities and demonstrate that they give the United States multiple options for achieving its key objectives. However, increasing U.S. operational unpredictability may be costly and, in some cases, involve negative side effects (e.g., reducing U.S. military effectiveness and increasing China's and Russia's threat perceptions). The authors recommend weighing the potential costs and effectiveness of these approaches against more traditional approaches to deterring U.S. adversaries

"This book examines the security dynamics of the Indian Ocean and the Western Pacific, concentrating upon an analysis and evaluation of the air power capabilities of the various powers active in the two regions. The volume is designed to help improve understanding of the heritage and contemporary challenges confronting the global community in the Indian Ocean and the Western Pacific, as well as to illuminate the policies of the various powers involved in the affairs of these regions, and the military capabilities that are available in support of those policies. The 16 individual chapters examine both the traditional and the non-traditional threats that confront the various Indian Ocean and Western Pacific powers, and assess the roles played by land-based and naval, fixed-wing and rotary-wing, manned and unmanned aircraft, as well as by offensively and defensively capable ballistic and cruise missiles in addressing these challenges. In doing so, the various chapters analyse and evaluate the air power doctrine, capabilities, deployment patterns, and missions of the respective states. In addition, they assess the future issues, challenges, and responses involving air power as it, acting in concert with other military instruments, seeks to contribute to securing and promoting the interests of the state. This book will be of much interest to students of air power, strategic studies, Asian and Middle Eastern politics, and International Relations"--

"The term 'Indo-Pacific' is being used increasingly in the global strategic/geo-political discourse in recent years. The rise of China as an economic giant and a rising military power has led to the consequent shift of international politics and relations to Asia as the fulcrum. It has turned the whole region of Indo-Pacific as one security complex. Countries that are part of the region but also countries that are adjacent or outside the region, but also the countries adjoining the oceans look for a mechanism in accordance with a rule-based order. International law that would protect the rights of the nations to pursue global commons was emphasized.This timely volume presents a collection of articles by leading scholars on the subject from the region. It addresses the faultlines of both traditional and non-traditional security issues. Military modernization, especially of the naval forces of a number of powers, national ambitions of power projection, and plans to build ports in strategic locations are exacerbating insecurity and greater arms race.It also poses the question, whether the Indo-Pacific region will become a theatre of tension and instability, or a contributor to peace and prosperity for the larger populations that reside herein Please note: Taylor & Francis does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka."--Provided by publisher.

China-ASEAN relations in the South China Sea : persistent patterns and obstacles to cooperation / Sourabh Gupta -- The East China Sea : sea of regional and global confrontation / Reinhard Drifte -- Historic concepts vs. contemporary maritime regimes in UNCLOS : China's claims in the South China Sea / Nong Hong -- Navigational rights, freedoms, and interests in the South China Sea : the Philippines' perspective / Jay Batongbacal -- Indonesia : an archipelagic state's perspectives on the law of the sea / Etty R. Agoes -- Balancing the rights of coastal states and user states in the post-UNCLOS age : Vietnam and navigational rights / Hao Duy Phan -- The United States and accession to UNCLOS : a case of how domestic political polarization results in free ridership / Anastasia Telesetsky -- Freedom of navigation and the UNCLOS order / Mira Rapp-Hooper -- The prior notification issue of military activities in EEZ / Yang Ying -- Maritime confidence building measures : assessing China-US MOU on notification of major military activities and rules of behavior / Yan Yan -- The Sino-Philippine arbitration on the South China Sea disputes : a preliminary assessment of the merits award / Michael Sheng-ti Gau -- Archipelagos and archipelagic regimes in the law of the sea / Sophia Kopela -- Low-tide elevations : a contemporary analysis / Bao Yinan -- Resolving disputes under UNCLOS when the coastal and user states are disputed / Natalie Klein

Introduction : decolonization, conflict, and counter-insurgency / Martin Thomas & Gareth Curless -- Seeing like a soldier : the Amritsar massacre and the politics of military history / Kim Wagner -- Confronting revolt in France's interwar empire : counter-insurgency in 1920s Morocco and Syria / Martin Thomas -- The plantation as counterinsurgency tool : Indonesia 1900-1950 / Roel Frakking -- The sten gun is mightier than the pen : the failure of colonial police reform after 1945 / Gareth Curless -- "A litigious island" : law, rights, and counterinsurgencyduring the Cyprus Emergency / Brian Drohan -- "A battle in the field of human relations" : the official minds of repressive development in Portuguese Angola / Miguel Bandeira Jerónimo -- Strategic villages : forced relocation, counterinsurgency and social engineering in Kenya and Algeria, 1952-1962 / Moritz Feichtinger -- Reconsidering women's roles in the Mau Mau Rebellion in Kenya, 1952-1960 / Katherine Bruce-Lockhart -- The art of counterinsurgency analysis : phases in the Malayan and Kenyan emergencies / Karl Hack -- Rebel sanctuaries and late colonial conflict : the case of West Germany during Algeria's War of Independence, 1954-1962 / Mathilde von Blow -- David Galula and Maurice Papon : a watershed in COIN strategy in de Gaulle's Paris / Emmanuel Blanchard and Neil MacMaster -- Escaping the empire's shadow : British military thinking about insurgency on the eve of the Northern Ireland Troubles / Huw Bennett -- Shadow warriors : the Phoenix Program and American clandestine policing in Vietnam / Jeremy Kuzmarov

Peru's self-proclaimed "revolution"—surprisingly extensive reforms initiated by the military government—has aroused great interest all over Latin America and the Third World. This book is the first systematic and comprehensive attempt to appraise Peru's current experiment in both national and regional perspective. It compares recent innovative approaches to Peru's problems with the methods used by earlier regimes, providing original and stimulating interpretations of contemporary Peru from the viewpoints of political science, sociology, history, economics, and education. Among the issues considered are the military regime's policies regarding income distribution, foreign investment, education, urbanization, worker-management relations, and land reform.Contributors: Abraham F. Lowenthal, Julio Cotler, Richard Webb, David Collier, Susan Bourque and Scott Palmer, Colin Harding, Robert Drysdale and Robert Myers, Shane Hunt, Peter T. Knight, Jane Jaquette.Originally published in 1976.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905

Extraordinary taxes ('avāriż) and local administration -- The 'avāriż tax regime and the conduct of tax surveys -- The mechanics of local tax administration : land use, personal liability, and apportionment -- The responsibilities and compensation of quarter tax officials -- A fiscal demography of Aleppo -- Urban responses to the imposition of extraordinary taxes -- The frequency and level of extraordinary tax levies -- Popular strategies for tax relief : tax exemption -- Other individual strategies for tax relief -- Collective action and mutual assistance -- Residential quarters and the question of "positive loyalties" -- Military units : elements of solidarity and division -- Survey of military cadres -- Residence patterns -- Compensation of troops -- Ocaḳlıḳ and the guards of the Kars Citadel -- Soldiers, market regulation, and moneylending -- Mobilization and unit solidarity -- The career of 'Alī b. Shabīb (d. ca. 1678) -- The episode of 'Alī Agha b. 'Abdullāh -- Limits on unit discipline and solidarity -- Solidarity and leadership in the guilds -- Guild self-government -- The leadership of the guilds : two case studies -- The butchers -- The Ḳaṣapbas̜i : compensation and social background -- The tanners -- The Akhī Bābā and Shaykh al-Sab'a -- A sketch of one Shaykh al-Sab'a : Sayyid Ibrāhīm b. Sayyid Rajab al-Ḥ'anbalī (d. 1678) -- The Shaykh al-Dabbāghīn and Naqīb al-Dabbāghīn -- Relations among guilds -- Guilds : patterns of autonomy and organizational fluidity

A Common Destiny -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Summary and Conclusions -- SUMMARY OF MAJOR FINDINGS -- Blacks and Whites in a Changing Society -- Determinants of Black Status -- A RECORD OF THE STATUS OF BLACK AMERICANS -- Attitudes, Participation, Identity, and Institutions -- Political Participation -- Economic Status -- Schooling -- Health -- Crime and Criminal Justice -- Children and Families -- THE FUTURE: ALTERNATIVES AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS -- Blacks' Status in the Near Future -- Residential Segregation -- Income and Poverty -- Policy Alternatives -- Black Perspectives -- CONCLUSION -- 1 Overview: Then and Now -- CHANGE AND CONTINUITY IN BLACK-WHITE STATUS SINCE 1940 -- The Baseline Cohort -- The Most Recent Cohort -- Uneven Changes -- DATA, FINDINGS, AND INTERPRETATIONS: CONCEPTS AND METHODS -- Study Methods -- Determinants of Black Status -- Interpreting Data -- Explaining Black-White Differences -- Residential Segregation and Its Effects -- Description of the Report -- REFERENCES -- NOTE -- 2 Black Participation in American Society -- THE BASELINE PERIOD: 1935-1945 -- Social Relations Under Jim Crow -- Migration and Urbanization -- Rising Black Protest -- BLACK PARTICIPATION IN SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS SINCE 1945 -- The Military -- Desegregation of the Armed Forces -- The Modern Military -- Public Schools -- Trends in School Desegregation -- Effects of School Desegregation -- Resegregation Within Desegregated Schools -- Blacks, Whites, and School Desegregation -- PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS AND WORK ENVIRONMENTS -- Workplaces -- Labor Unions and Equal Employment -- RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION -- Metropolitan Areas -- Neighborhoods -- BLACK PARTICIPATION IN SOCIAL LIFE SINCE 1945 -- Churches And Religious Life -- Organized Sports -- ARTS AND ENTERTAINMENT -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 3 Racial Attitudes and Behavior.

The article analyzes in comparison the chairmanship of the Visegrad Group of Slovakia and the Czech Republic, taking place against the background of Special Military Operation. They are also compared with the positions of Hungary and Poland on the «Ukrainian issue». The author draws attention to the fact that initially the Czech presidency was developed as if in continuation of the tasks of the Slovak. This fact further emphasizes the special nature of relations between the two countries, which exactly thirty years ago chose a sovereign path of development instead of a common federation of Czechs and Slovaks. Both programs, being worked out during different periods of escalation of the conflict in the east, place the security and military cooperation of the Quartet countries as one of the main priorities and at the same time take into account other priorities of the European Union related to economic and energy policy. Among other international priorities the countries of the Balkan region and the countries that are still open to cooperation within the framework of the Eastern Partnership stand out (in addition to Ukraine, these are primarily Moldova and Georgia). Both programs emphasize the special role of the Visegrad Foundation as a generator of ideas of Central European unity.