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The purpose of writing this article is to determine the Gawai culture in shaping the values of solidarity among the Dayak tribal communities in West Kalimantan. This article was prepared using the library research method, namely the method of collecting data by utilizing literature sources and materials. The result of the conclusion is that Gawai is a traditional Dayak ceremony which has become a tradition to this day. The Dayak gawai is one of the traditional ceremonies which is still actively carried out by the Dayak people. The Gawai Dayak traditional ceremony is one of the sources of local history in West Kalimantan. The implementation of the traditional Gawai ceremony aims to ask for safety and gratitude to God for the harvest which is usually done every one year. The traditional Gawai ceremony is held after the main harvest and ends with the traditional ritual of Rising Dango and reciting incantations and prayers or commonly known as Matik which aims to ask for blessings to God or Jubata. The implementation of the traditional gawai ceremony requires the involvement of all Dayak tribal communities to be able to work together in the preparation and implementation. Therefore, gadgets become the media needed to renew the spirit and sense of solidarity between Dayak tribal communities in West Kalimantan. The Gawai Traditional Ceremony is one of the very sacred religious rituals for the Dayak Tribe, therefore the Gawai Traditional ceremony only involves the Dayak Tribe. However, as the times progressed, the government tried to preserve the traditional Gawai ceremony, so that it became a routine tourism agenda in Pontianak City every year. ; Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui budaya Gawai dalam membentuk nilai-nilai solidaritas pada masyarakat suku dayak di Kalimantan Barat. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya pelestarian budaya Gawai yang menjadi khas di Kalimantan Barat. Artikel ini disusun dengan menggunakan metode library research yaitu metode pengumpulan data dengan memanfaatkan sumber dan bahan kepustakaan. Hasil dari kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah Gawai merupakan upacara adat yang bertujuan untuk meminta keselamatan dan rasa syukur kepada Tuhan atas hasil panen raya yang biasa dilakukan setiap satu tahun sakali. Upacara Adat Gawai dilaksanakan setelah panen raya dan diakhiri dengan upacara adat Naik Dango dan pembacaan mantera dan doa atau biasa disebut Matik yang bertujuan untuk meminta doa restu kepada Tuhan atau Jubata. Upacara Adat Gawai merupakan salah satu ritual religi yang sangat sakral bagi suku dayak, oleh karena itu pada upacara Adat Gawai hanya melibatkan Suku Dayak saja. Namun seiring berkembangnya zaman, pemerintah berupaya untuk melestarikan upacara Adat Gawai, sehingga menjadi agenda rutin pariwisata di Kota Pontianak setiap tahunnya.

Este ensayo teórico presenta las contribuciones de la investigación narrativa para la comprensión de los procesos de inclusión de alumnos con discapacidad. Así, trata del recurso de la investigación narrativa como metodología importante para revisitar el pasado, promover autoformación y formación. Tiene como objetivo presentar las principales características del método de Historia de Vida, así como las especificidades de las narrativas en el contexto de las investigaciones en el área de educación. En este sentido, defiende que a la historia de vida de un sujeto con discapacidad es particularmente provechosa para la Educación Especial, u otros campos del conocimiento que trabajan con grupos excluidos, pues favorece la reflexión con relación a las situaciones vividas por el sujeto, las influencias de la exclusión en el ámbito personal, social, económico, político y educacional, así como es capaz de señalar la necesidad de cambios en las políticas, en la cultura y en la sociedad. ; This theoretical essay presents the narrative research contributions to the comprehension of disabled students inclusion process. That way, addresses the narrative research resource as an important methodology to revisit the past, promote self-education and training. Its goal is to present the major characteristics of the method of History of Life, as well as the specificities narratives in the context of researches in the education area. In this sense, it argues that the life story of a subject with a disability is particularly beneficial for Special Education, or other fields of knowledge that deals with excluded groups, because it favours the reflection in relation to the situations lived by the subject, the influences of exclusion in the personal, social, economic, political and educational spheres, as well as being able to point out the need for changes in policies, culture and society. ; Esse ensaio teórico apresenta as contribuições da pesquisa narrativa para a compreensão dos processos de inclusão de alunos com deficiência. Assim, trata do recurso da pesquisa narrativa como metodologia importante para se revisitar o passado, promover autoformação e formação. Tem como objetivo apresentar as principais características do método de História de Vida, bem como as especificidades das narrativas no contexto das pesquisas na área da educação. Nesse sentido, defende que a estória de vida de um sujeito com deficiência é particularmente proveitosa para a Educação Especial, ou outros campos de conhecimento que lidam com grupos excluídos, pois favorece a reflexão em relação às situações vividas pelo sujeito, as influências da exclusão no âmbito pessoal, social, econômico, político e educacional, bem como é capaz de apontar a necessidade de mudanças nas políticas, na cultura e na sociedade.

Communication media as a means to convey information is traditional and modern. The rapid development of communication technology in modern media by some communication experts is allegedly able to change the traditional form of communication found in Indonesia. The author is interested to know the benefits of the implementation of the Gorontalo tribal tradition as a traditional communication media play a role in development in the village of Titidu? By using the method of observation and in-depth interviews with 34 sources obtained from purposive sampling techniques. This study was also complemented by a literature review to deepen data and data processing using descriptive qualitative analysis. The findings show the existence of traditional media that still survive in the village of Titidu aims to preserve the traditions of the Gorontalo tribal people who place the tradition based on syara 'and syara' based on the book of God as a way of life, so that the culture of Gorontalo people highly values traditions especially those with Islamic nuances. The tradition is related to customs in the form of wedding ceremonies, coronation and reception of officials, funerals, hair cutting and weighting. Art in the form of remembrance (obeyed), burdah (buruda), funds and zamrah. Dance movements or sports such as langga, longgo, and literature in the form of prose and poetry. By implementing interpersonal, group, free and social communication to socialize regional development in the fields of innovation (health, education, national defense, arts, development), government policy, program accountability in the village head's remarks.Media komunikasi sebagai sarana untuk menyampaikan informasi bersifat tradisional dan modern. Pesatnya perkembangan teknologi komunikasi pada media modern oleh beberapa pakar komunikasi disinyalir dapat merubah bentuk komunikasi tradisional yang terdapat di Indonesia. Penulis tertarik untuk mengetahui manfaat pelaksanaan tradisi suku Gorontalo sebagai media komunikasi tradisional berperan dalam pembangunan di Desa Titidu. Dengan menggunakan metode observasi dan wawancara mendalam terhadap 34 narasumber yang di dapat dari teknik sampling purposive. Penelitian ini juga dilengkapi dengan kajian pustaka untuk memperdalam data serta pengolahan data menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Temuan menunjukkan keberadaan media tradisional yang masih bertahan di Desa Titidu bertujuan untuk melestarikan tradisi masyarakat suku Gorontalo yang menempatkan adat bersendikan syara' dan syara' bersendikan kitab Allah sebagai pandangan hidup, sehingga secara kultural masyarakat Gorontalo sangat menghargai tradisi-tradisi terutama yang bernuansa Islami. Tradisi tersebut berhubungan dengan adat istiadat berupa upacara pernikahan, penobatan dan penyambutan pejabat, pemakaman, pengguntingan rambut serta pembeatan. Kesenian berupa dzikir (diikili), burdah (buruda), dana-dana dan zamrah. Gerak atau olahraga tarian seperti langga, longgo, dan sastra berupa prosa maupun puisi. Dengan menerapkan komunikasi antar pribadi, kelompok, bebas dan sosial untuk mensosialisasikan pembanguan daerah pada bidang inovasi (kesehatan, pendidikan, bela negara, kesenian, pembangunan), kebijakan pemerintah, pertanggungjawaban program dalam sambutan kepala desa.

In the last years, the development of new drugs in oncology has evolved notably. In particular, drug development has shifted from empirical screening of active cytotoxic compounds to molecularly targeted drugs blocking specific biologic pathways that drive cancer progression and metastasis. Using a rational design approach, our group has developed 1A-116 as a promising Rac1 inhibitor, with antitumoral and antimetastatic effects in several types of cancer. Rac1 is over activated in a wide range of tumor types and and it is one of the most studied proteins of the Rho GTPase family. Its role in actin cytoskeleton reorganization has effects on endocytosis, vesicular trafficking, cell cycle progression and cellular migration. In this context, the regulatory activity of Rac1 affects several key processes in the course of the cancer including invasion and metastasis. The purpose of this preclinical study was to focus on the mode of action of 1A-116, conducting an interdisciplinary approach with in silico bioinformatics tools and in vitro assays. Here, we demonstrate that the tryptophan 56 residue is necessary for the inhibitory effects of 1A-116 since this compound interferes with protein-protein interactions (PPI) of Rac1GTPase involving several GEF activators. 1A-116 is also able to inhibit the oncogenic Rac1P29S mutant protein, one of the oncogenic drivers found in sun-exposed melanoma. It also inhibits numerous Rac1-regulated cellular processes such as membrane ruffling and lamellipodia formation. These results deepen our knowledge of 1A-116 inhibition of Rac1 and its biological impact on cancer progression. They also represent a good example of how in silico analyses represent a valuable approach for drug development. ; The National University of Quilmes (grant 53/1004 to DG), the National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET) (grant PIP 2015-2017 to PL) and Chemo-Romikin supported this study. NG is research fellow, and GC, PL, and DG are members of the National Research Council (CONICET, Argentina). XB is supported by grants from the Castilla–León Government (CLC–2017–01), the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MSIU) (RTI2018–096481–B–I00), and the Spanish Association against Cancer (GC16173472GARC). XB's institution is supported by the Programa de Apoyo a Planes Estratégicos de Investigación de Estructuras de Investigación de Excelencia of the Ministry of Education of the Castilla–León Government (CLC–2017–01). SR-F and LL-M contracts have been supported by funding from the MISIU (SR-F, BES–2013–063573) and the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports (LL-M, FPU13/02923), respectively. JR-V's contract has been supported by both the CIBERONC and the Spanish Association against Cancer. Both Spanish and Castilla–León government–associated funding is partially supported by the European Regional Development Fund. ; Peer reviewed

During primary infection, herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) replicates in epithelial cells and enters neurites to infect neurons of the peripheral nervous system. Growth factors and attractive and repulsive directional cues influence neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival. We hypothesized that HSV-2 modulates the activity of such cues to increase neurite outgrowth. To test this hypothesis, we exposed sensory neurons to nerve growth factor (NGF) and mock- or HSV-2-infected HEK- 293T cells, since they express repellents of neurite outgrowth. We show that HEK- 293T cells secrete factors that inhibit neurite outgrowth, while infection with HSV-2 strains MS and 333 reduces this repelling phenotype, increasing neurite numbers. The HSV-2-mediated restoration of neurite outgrowth required the activity of NGF. In the absence of infection, however, NGF did not overcome the repulsion mediated by HEK-293T cells. We previously showed that recombinant, soluble glycoprotein G of HSV-2 (rSgG2) binds and enhances NGF activity, increasing neurite outgrowth. However, the effect of gG2 during infection has not been investigated. Therefore, we addressed whether gG2 contributes to overcoming neurite outgrowth repulsion. To do so, we generated viruses lacking gG2 expression and complemented them by exogenous expression of gG2. Overall, our results suggest that HSV-2 infection of nonneuronal cells reduces their repelling effect on neurite outgrowth in an NGF-dependent manner. gG2 contributed to this phenotype, but it was not the only factor. The enhanced neurite outgrowth may facilitate HSV-2 spread from epithelial cells into neurons expressing NGF receptors and increase HSV-2-mediated pathogenesis. ; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG [German Research Foundation]) grant SFB 900/3-158989968 to A.V.-B. (TPB9) and B.S. (TPC2) (https://www.mh-hannover.de/sfb900.html) and by the DFG under Germany's Excellence Strategy (grant EXC 2155, project number 390874280, to B.S. and A.V.-B. and Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH to B.S. [Unit 8.1]). A.V.-B. received a Marie Curie Career Integration Grant fellowship (European Union Horizon 2020 program FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG [INMA] project number 631792), and K.A.K. was funded by grant SFB 900/3 from the DFG. S.S. was funded by the Niedersachsen-Research Network on Neuroinfectiology (N-RENNT) of the Ministry of Science and Culture of Lower Saxony (to B.S. and A.V.-B.; http://www.tiho-hannover.de/forschung/n-rennt/). J.S.C. was funded by the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, Germany (grant Graduiertenkolleg DELIGRAH LFFGK06). A.D. was funded by core funding from the Hannover Medical School. The laboratory of A.A. was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the European Union (European Regional Development Funds [FEDER] grant SAF2015-67485-R), and A.D.L.-M. was funded by a Ph.D. fellowship from the Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte

This research analyzes the Inter-American Development Bank's (IDB) Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative (ESCI) through examination of the transfer of innovation between an influential city, Medellín (Colombia), and a host city, Xalapa (Mexico) which participated in the ESCI. It uses categories of quality of democracy to evaluate decision-making in the regionalization process of urban transformation initiatives. The study illustrates how Medellín's experience of social urbanism is not exportable due to particular existing conditions which are not repeated in other Latin American cities, such as Xalapa. Furthermore, this research demonstrates the existence of a dysfunctional standardized region embodied by the processes proposed by the IDB. The Inter-American Development Bank developed the Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative between 2012 and 2019 in 77 cities of the American continent. This initiative is influenced by Medellín, which institutionalizes a model of spatial intervention known as 'social urbanism' or 'transformation of Medellín.' The IDB exports the publicized success of the Medellín model to intermediate cities in various countries with varying results. In the case of Xalapa, Mexico, the initiative had a negative effect because it did not go beyond the implementation stage. The causes of non-execution are symptoms of a problem in the design of the regionalization strategy that fails to homogenize urban planning techniques between diverse territorialities. The objective of the research was to analyze a transfer of urban development programs between territories at the nano-level and regional institutions at the macro-level, which create a new regional integration system through urban planning projects. The analysis of the implementation of macro-regional programs in nano urban regions was carried out through a multilevel analysis and a comparative study, combining qualitative and quantitative mixed approaches in Medellín and Xalapa. Data collection included a literature review utilizing the PRISMA method, elaboration of a map of actors, and semi-structured interviews. Data was analyzed through the categories of Quality of Democracy. As a result, I developed categories extracted from the Quality of Democracy for the analysis of urban projects. The results of a triangulation of interview-type sources, a review of indicators, and press releases yielded values that show no incidence of democratic quality in decision-making processes for the implementation of regionalized projects. This opens discussions on legality, accountability, freedom, equity, and auditing in the implementation of regional initiatives. I conclude that there is a parabola of regionalization of citizen initiatives whose origin is in nano territories. This initiative is regionalized by the Inter-American Development Bank through the Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative, in a dysfunctional standard regionalization process. This process fails due to structural divergences in political culture, normative design, decision-making processes, and normative incoherence among the cities participating in the parabola.

ABSTRACTThe stopping of the Covid Pandemic -19 gives the effect of changes in social interaction in life in the community especially when it is disrupted which has controlled human life sociologically and psychologically in every movement in life, especially since the existence of a pandemic there has been a change in work culture that was originally in the conventional form of switching to online space because of the policy of doing work by way of WFH work from home. Technological advances in the era of the utilization of technology 4.0 have become evident in their use, not even in their total mastery of internet applications, the interaction of everyone in Indonesia, including ethical behavior in communication in the technology space, eventually leading to legal problems that intersect with law enforcement of ITE Law Number 19 of 2016 against function of its use. every person who is in the vortex of using technological advances must be confronted with no maximum legal efforts to do legal protection of personal rights including personal data that is so easily accessed by implementing an internet-based technology system. This is the responsibility of the state, namely the organizer of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia in the jurisdiction of Indonesia, which grants permission to operate as an owner and manager of a technological system that carries out its operations in the sovereignty of a State, which can impose strict sanctions on the legal remedies for protecting every citizen from criminal acts of moving virtual.Keywords: Disruption Era, Technological Uses, Personal data protection ABSTRAK Hentakan adanya Pandemi Covid -19 memberikan pengaruh terjadinya perubahan interaksi sosial dalam kehidupan dalam masyarakat terlebih diera disrupsi yang telah menguasai hidup manusia secara sosiologis dan psykologis disetiap gerak dalam kehidupan, apalagi sejak adanya pandemi terjadi perubahan budaya kerja yang semula dalam bentuk konvensional beralih ke ruang online karena adanya kebijakan melakukan pekerjaan dengan cara WFH work from home. Kemajuan teknologi dalam era kemanfaatan teknologi 4.0 menjadi nyata penggunaannya, bahkan belum secara total penguasaannya pada aplikasi internet, interaksi setiap orang di Indonesia termasuk perilaku etika dalam komunikasi di ruang teknologi hingga akhirnya menimbulkan permasalahan hukum yang bersinggungan dengan penegakkan hukum UU ITE Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 terhadap fungsi penggunaannya. setiap orang yang berada dalam pusaran penggunaan kemajuan teknologi harus dihadapkan tidak maksimalnya upaya hukum dilakukannya perlindungan hukum hak pribadi termasuk data-data pribadi yang begitu mudah diakses dengan penerapan sistem teknologi berbasis internet. Hal ini menjadi tanggungjawab negara yakni penyelenggara Pemerintah Republik Indonesia di wilayah hukum Indonesia yang memberikan ijin beroperasinya pemilik sekaligus pengelola sistem teknologi yang melakukan operasionalnya dalam kedaulatan suatu Negara, yang dapat memberikan sanksi tegas terhadap upaya hukum perlindungan setiap warga negara atas tindak pidana kejahatan yang bergerak secara virtual.Kata Kunci : Era Disrupsi, Kemanfaatan Teknologi, Perlindungan data pribadi

Toxic cyanobacterial blooms are a major contaminant in inland aquatic ecosystems. Furthermore, toxic blooms are carried downstream by rivers and waterways to estuarine and coastal ecosystems. Concerning marine and estuarine animal species, very little is known about how these species are affected by the exposure to freshwater cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins. So far, most of the knowledge has been gathered from freshwater bivalve molluscs. This work aimed to infer the sensitivity of the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis to single as well as mixed toxic cyanobacterial cultures and the underlying molecular responses mediated by toxic cyanobacteria. For this purpose, a mussel exposure experiment was outlined with two toxic cyanobacteria species, Microcystis aeruginosa and Chrysosporum ovalisporum at 1 x 10(5) cells/mL, resembling a natural cyanobacteria bloom. The estimated amount of toxins produced by M. aeruginosa and C. ovalisporum were respectively 0.023 pg/cell of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and 7.854 pg/cell of cylindrospermopsin (CYN). After 15 days of exposure to single and mixed cyanobacteria, a depuration phase followed, during which mussels were fed only non-toxic microalga Parachlorella kessleri. The results showed that the marine mussel is able to filter toxic cyanobacteria at a rate equal or higher than the non-toxic microalga P. kessleri. Filtration rates observed after 15 days of feeding toxic microalgae were 1773.04 mL/ind.h (for M. aeruginosa), 2151.83 mL/ind.h (for C. ovalisporum), 1673.29 mL/ind.h (for the mixture of the 2 cyanobacteria) and 2539.25 mL/ind.h (for the non-toxic P. kessleri). Filtering toxic microalgae in combination resulted in the accumulation of 14.17 ng/g dw MC-LR and 92.08 ng/g dw CYN. Other physiological and biochemical endpoints (dry weight, byssus production, total protein and glycogen) measured in this work did not change significantly in the groups exposed to toxic cyanobacteria with regard to control group, suggesting that mussels were not affected with the toxic microalgae. Nevertheless, proteomics revealed changes in metabolism of mussels related to diet, specially evident in those fed on combined cyanobacteria. Changes in metabolic pathways related with protein folding and stabilization, cytoskeleton structure, and gene transcription/translation were observed after exposure and feeding toxic cyanobacteria. These changes occur in vital metabolic processes and may contribute to protect mussels from toxic effects of the toxins MC-LR and CYN. ; Funding Agencies|Portuguese Science Foundation (Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, FCT)Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [SFRH_BPD_103683_2014]; NORTE 2020, Portugal 2020 [UID/Multi/04423/2013, PTDC/ASP-PES/31762/2017]; European Union through the ERDFEuropean Union (EU); FCTPortuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; MINECO/FEDER, UE [AGL2015-64558-R]; FPISpanish Government [BES-2016-078773]

The article is devoted to the analysis of the draft Law of Ukraine "On amendments to certain legislative acts of Ukraine concerning ensuring national information security and the right to access reliable information". The document was published for public discussion on January 20 this year by the Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports of Ukraine.A careful law analysis by information sphere professionals, not officials, shows that we are dealing with an amazing mix of Soviet approaches to combating dissidents and a modern, innovative approach to making money on penalties from unscrupulous information disseminators. The creation of a state-funded staff of the Media Oversight Commissioner poses a particular threat to freedom of speech in Ukraine. After all, any structure is not physically able to investigate the entire array of disseminated information. Therefore, in practice, there will be a temptation to apply selective control only over some inconvenient for authorities information disseminators.The adoption of this normative legal act will lead to unjustified restrictions on information dissemination and freedom of speech, will force to once again give humiliating explanations in the advisory bodies of the Council of Europe on compliance with European standards and values.As a result, reputational losses for Ukraine, as a country that, although struggling, paves the way to a civilized Europe, in the case of this project adoption will far outweigh the damage from the spread of any fakes, most of which die before they are born. ; Стаття присвячена аналізу проєкту Закону України «Про внесення змін до деяких законодавчих актів України щодо забезпечення національної інформаційної безпеки та права на доступ до достовірної інформації». Документ оприлюднило для громадського обговорення 20 січня цього року Міністерство культури, молоді та спорту України.Ретельний аналіз закону фахівцями інформаційної галузі, а не чиновниками, пересвідчує в тому, що маємо справу з дивовижною сумішшю радянських підходів щодо боротьби з дисидентами, та сучасним інноваційним підходом заробити на штрафних санкціях із недобросовісних поширювачів інформації. Створення державним коштом штату Уповноваженого з перевірки діяльності ЗМІ містить у собі особливу небезпеку для свободи слова в Україні. Адже дослідити весь масив розповсюдженої інформації фізично не спроможна будь-яка структура. Тому на практиці виникне спокуса застосування вибіркового контролю лише за деякими незручними для влади поширювачами інформації.Прийняття зазначеного нормативно-правового акта призведе до невиправданого обмеження на поширення інформації та свободу слова, змусить вчергове давати принизливі пояснення у дорадчих органах Ради Европи щодо відповідності европейським стандартам і цінностям. Як наслідок — репутаційні втрати для України, як країни, котра хоча і з потугами торує шлях до цивілізованої Европи, у разі прийняття цього проєкту набагато перевищить шкоду від поширення будь-яких фейків, більшість з яких вмирає, не встигнувши народитися.

Symbolic crusades in Lusatia and Brittany? An analysis of minority language movements from the perspective of status politicsThis paper proposes to analyse mobilizations for regional minority languages in Lusatia and Brittany from the perspective of "status politics". In a post-modern context, where traditional speech communities are fragmented by territorial and social mobility, speaking a minority language seems to be a matter of personal choice, structured through engagement and activism. Assuming that languages are part of a linguistic economy shaped by power conflicts and struggle for classifications, this article approaches the promotion of regional and minority languages as a struggle for social recognition of particular cultures, styles of life and collective prestige. By using the tools of political sociology, our ambition is to examine actions for Upper and Lower Sorbian, Breton and Gallo as symbolic ones, aiming at influencing the distribution of social prestige in Lusatia and Brittany, thus exceeding mere language issues. Today, campaigners for minority languages of Lusatia and Brittany participate in "revitalization movements" which also assert visions of the social world. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with language activists and on participatory observations, the idea is to consider to what extent linguistic mobilizations can be qualified as symbolic crusades", and in what ways this sociological notion could be useful to understand the mechanisms at work in linguistic collective action in general. Krucjaty symboliczne na Łużycach i w Bretanii? Próba spojrzenia na aktywizm mniejszości językowych poprzez analizę polityki statusuArtykuł proponuje spojrzenie na mobilizację użytkowników regionalnych języków mniejszościowych na Łużycach i w Bretanii z perspektywy polityki statusu. W ponowoczesnym kontekście, w którym tradycyjne wspólnoty komunikacyjne zostały rozbite przez wzrost mobilności terytorialnej i społecznej, używanie języka mniejszościowego wydaje się kwestią jednostkowego wyboru, realizowanego poprzez osobiste zaangażowanie i aktywizm. Przyjmując założenie, że języki stanowią element ekonomii lingwistycznej, kształtowanej przez konflikty władzy i potrzebę klasyfikacji, artykuł traktuje promowanie języków regionalnych i mniejszościowych jako walkę o akceptację konkretnych kultur i stylów życia oraz o prestiż społeczny. Korzystając z narzędzi socjologii politycznej, autorka stawia sobie za cel zbadanie działań na rzecz języków górnołużyckiego, dolnołużyckiego, bretońskiego i gallo jako działalności symbolicznej, mającej prowadzić do zmian w dystrybucji prestiżu społecznego na Łużycach i w Bretanii, a zatem wykraczającej poza kwestie czysto językowe. Obecnie działacze na rzecz języków mniejszościowych na Łużycach i w Bretanii biorą udział w "ruchu rewitalizacyjnym", który przedstawia również własną wizję świata społecznego. Opierając się na częściowo ustrukturyzowanych wywiadach z aktywistami językowymi oraz na obserwacji uczestniczącej, autorka próbuje określić, do jakiego stopnia mobilizacja językowa może być uznana za "krucjatę symboliczną" i w jaki sposób ta wywodząca się z socjologii koncepcja może być przydatna dla zrozumienia mechanizmów funkcjonujących w szerszym kontekście działań zbiorowych o charakterze językowym.

Les relations entre les Malgaches et le français, entre Madagascar et la Francophonie sont pour le moins erratiques. Elles ont toutes les apparences d'une relation passionnelle, entre attirance et répulsion. Mais si la composante affective et symbolique n'est pas absente, les intérêts économiques des élites malgaches semblent être déterminants. Alors que Madagascar adhère à toutes les institutions francophones et que Tananarive a vu la naissance de l'Agence de coopération culturelle et technique (ACCT) et de l'Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF), le pays est aussi l'un des rares à avoir cherché à bannir le français en impulsant un processus de malgachisation qui a rapidement montré ses limites. Cet épisode de l'histoire malgache s'est fait au nom de la lutte contre le paternalisme et le néocolonialisme, comme une affirmation de l'identité nationale. Mais, si Madagascar présente la spécificité, liée à son insularité, de disposer d'un substrat linguistique commun mobilisable vis-à-vis de l'extérieur et principalement de l'ancienne puissance coloniale, il existe de nombreuses variantes dialectales qui recouvrent des « irrédentismes » régionaux. Ceux-ci empêchent le sentiment national d'être pleinement structurant dans la vie politique malgache. Différentes approches, anthropologiques, historiques ou économiques témoignent du poids d'une culture politique fondée sur la parenté, d'une forme de mission céleste en matière de légitimation du pouvoir et d'une problématique de la « terre des ancêtres » qui bloquent toute tentative de construction d'un État-nation sur le modèle occidental. Force est de constater que les caractéristiques des élites malgaches, faiblement structurées sur le plan idéologique et mues essentiellement par des logiques néo-patrimoniales, expliquent en grande partie le paradoxe malgache, qui est le seul pays colonisé n'ayant pas connu la guerre à s'être appauvri depuis l'indépendance. À bien des égards, les crises politiques récurrentes peuvent même être interprétées comme des rivalités d'entrepreneurs. Le caractère incontournable du recours au français dans un tel contexte trouve son pendant dans les relations internationales et notamment dans la relation à la Francophonie. Les relents de francophobie latente dans la population, qui voit dans l'ancienne puissance coloniale la cause de tous les problèmes et de toutes les crises politiques, peuvent ponctuellement être mobilisés dans la perspective de négociations, comme pour les « Îles éparses ». In fine, les positions des dirigeants malgaches à l'égard de la Francophonie se caractérisent par un pragmatisme visant à préserver les opportunités d'avantages économiques inhérents à la participation à une grande institution internationale. Au demeurant, on peut relativiser la spécificité malgache en constatant que la Francophonie est devenue elle-même un instrument à visée principalement économique, dont le discours sur les valeurs est devenu largement incantatoire, si tant est qu'il n'ait jamais eu d'autre fonction que légitimatrice.

China's soft-power practice in its international activity boils down to four areas: culture, education, diplomacy, and economy. The most important element of China's soft-power policy seems to be the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Announced in 2013, the BRI is a complex, long-term and large-scale strategic political and economic project by the Chinese government with an infrastructure character. In this way, China is seeking to invest its capital surpluses in resurrecting the ancient Silk Road to create railroad and maritime networks with its most important trading partner – the European Union. In these circumstances, in September 2015, the presidents of Central and Eastern EU member states announced the establishment of the separate Three Seas Initiative (TSI), a political and economic project bringing together 12 EU states, including 11 'new' members and Austria. These entities constitute an informal bloc of states between the Adriatic, Baltic and Black seas, though without a permanent secretariat but with rotating leadership. In addition to the lack of a formal structure, the TSI region, located mainly in the EU's eastern part, is characterized by a weaker infrastructure network than Western Europe, lower GDP (except Austria), and high dependence on gas supplies from Russia (except Croatia). To overcome these disparities, the TSI has developed a catalogue of 48 investment priorities in three economic areas: energy, transport, and digitalisation. China's soft-power policy towards the 'new' EU members may be decided by the American patronage of the TSI and the fact that one of the flagship projects is the North-South Gas Corridor, which will enable the sale of American LNG in Central Europe, which has been dependent on gas supplies from Russia, China's partner in the BRI. In the context of the US-China trade war, White House planners recognise Central Europe as both a peripheral and key area for their policy and seek to strengthen the Three Seas project, which may lead to limiting areas of cooperation under the '17+1' format, involving CEE countries and China. On the other hand, the development of better energy, transport and digital connections in the EU's east clearly intersects with China's idea of building a New Eurasian Land Bridge under the BRI to connect the most economically developed edges of Eurasia. The new US strategy towards the countries of the CEE seems to boil down to involvement in specific energy-related projects. Instead of blocking or diminishing BRI-related infrastructure projects in China, they seem in fact to complement the Chinese activity in the CEE. Increased investment by American enterprises in the region may allow the administration in Washington to maintain control of Chinese infrastructure investments, and the US involvement may even lead to the participation of American companies in projects originally started by Beijing.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to focus on the implementation of an ambidexterity strategy in a large Italian Company that works in the energy field. The aim of the study is to understand how contextual ambidexterity has been achieved during a business process management (BPM) approach by describing the main variables that interacted during the project implementation.Design/methodology/approachThe authors based their study both on primary (direct observation and interviews) and secondary (company manuals, books and procedures) qualitative investigations of BPM approach based on three business process re-engineering (BPR) projects and nine total quality management (TQM) projects, focused on change team behaviors, dynamics and dialogues.FindingsThe authors observed that the implementation of simultaneously radical and incremental change projects has been influenced by the exploration and exploitation activities related to every single TQM and BPR project considered. The findings suggest that the overall project has been influenced by four main underlying variables, which are task specialization and systems interoperability (knowledge transfer), identity and leadership (knowledge conversion) and two output variables (ambiguity and feedback to change), that, by interacting, enable ambidexterity.Research limitations/implicationsBPM is an important option to consider within the ambidexterity theory, being conceptually conceived as an approach in which TQM and BPR actually complement each other. Moreover, the results contextualize the importance of the change management team (CMT) to manage the connections between knowledge creation and refinement, and vice versa, depending particularly on the knowledge conversion process enabled by a flexible team culture. The focus of the study is mainly at the BPR and TQM project level. The authors consider structural ambidexterity and its enabling mechanisms as the framework in which BPM is implemented. Moreover, research limitations are related both to the specificity of the context, a large, highly specialized and mechanistic company and to the qualitative approach that may reduce the generalization of the empirical results.Practical implicationsManagers need to be cognizant and aware both of the BPM techniques, in order to sustain ambidexterity, and of ambiguity and change feedback as variables that enable the effective connection of the different steps of innovation or refinement strategy and, therefore, of ambidexterity. Moreover, the contextual factors such as leadership and people identity should be considered and managed as important variables related to change.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper is related to improving the understanding of how to implement the theoretical concept of ambidexterity in a real world organization, by providing new evidence that highlights the importance of contextual ambidexterity within a structural ambidexterity strategy during a BPM project.

This study examines the Buddhist Ecclesiastical Law in its historical perspective and the current law in relation to Buddhist Vihares and the mode of succession 10 the of lice of Viharadhipathi. In this exercise relevant legislation and the case law are analvzed. Buddhist Ecclesiastical law in Sri Lanka has evolved through the past centuries to become a living force, which reveals through examination the inextricabte link between Sinhalese culture and Buddhism and the role played by the religion in the growth of the laws and customs of the country. On account ofthe enormous service rendered bv the Buddhist monks toward the stability and progress of the country, the educational and moral enlightenmentof the people,prosperity and happiness of the society, the kings bestowed extensive tracts of lands, on the temples for their maintenance and upkeep, which is evident from the Mihintale slab inscription of King Mahinda IV and the Mahavansa. The apointment of chiefs and priests of temples was a prerogative of the king of Kandyan Kingdom. In keeping with the ancient tradition, according to article 5 of the Kandyan Convention of 1815, the British government undertook to maintain and protect Buddhism and Buddhist temples. However, later the withdrawal of the British Government from temples affairs plunged the Buddhist temples into a deep crisis, There appeared on the scene, during the 19' century, in addition to patriotic laymen a few Buddhist monks of heroic cnaracter intent on revivinsr the notion and its religion. One of such eminent Buaahist scholar was Ven. Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Nayaka Thero who estahlishcd in 1873 the Vidyodaya Pirivena of Maligakanda which gave to birth to our University of Sri Jayewardenenpura. Temple property and the rights of Viharadhipathi have been regulated by successive Buddhist Temporalities Ordinances passed in 1889. 1905 and 1931 The statute now in force is chapter 396 as amended by the Buddhist Fcrnporalities (Amendement) Ordinance No, 22 of 1980. The infiltration made by the English law of Trust into Sanghika property has hindered the growth of the Sasana and made the Buddhist priest a trustee which subsumes the lay concept of 'possession '. Since a temple exists for the `spiritual 'welfare of the community, it is imperative that the temple becomes a corporate entity so that endowments be madefor the benefit of the Sangha and not to an individual bhikkhu . Doubts, difficulties and impediments may have been encountered by Viharadhipathis, Trustees and the Commissioner of Buddhist affairs in the working of an Ordinance which has- been in existence for more than 75 years. Therefore, it is recommended that the subject befully examined either by a Commission of Inquiry appointed under the Commissions of Inquiry Act or a Presidential Committee.

Introduction. The analysis of agricultural diversity projects made on the materials of studies in the Lower Volga region, the Kalmyk Region and the German Republic allows to solve 2 problems. Firstly, it defines the possibilities of expanding the species of industrial crops, medicinal and aromatic herbs. Secondly, it suggests the idea to increase the distribution of certain farmlands (namely of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain) by means of elaborating the directions of their development. The article contains the results of research works performed during the 20–30s of the 20th century on the territory of current Astrakhan, Volgograd, Saratov regions and the Republic of Kalmykia. The work evaluates the opportunities of using these territories for increasing gross regional product.

Methods and materials. The methods of the research: the principles of historicism and objectivity, analysis, synthesis, the historical and genetic method, the systematic approach. The works of N.I. Anisimov, V.P. Danilov, V.A. Ilinykh and others study collectivization, strengthening of agricultural material and technical resources. Since 90s of the 20th century the representatives of non-historical sciences have been studying the conditions of flora in different regions of Russia, the specifics of economic use of unique natural objects.

Analysis. The article gives the analysis of projects on cultivating new species of industrial, medicinal, aromatic crops, sericulture. The paper considers the plans of developing the Volga-Akhtuba flood plain as well. Using the previous experience improves modern developments.

Results. The authors came to the conclusion on the possibility of cultivating new industrial crops (sunflower, mustard, linen, tobacco, hemp, cotton, soy, castor bean, kenaf, peanut, poppy), medicinal and aromatic herbs and carried out zoning of planting, including with ensuring the complex use of the Volga-Akhtuba flood plain. An increased acreage for sericulture was planned. The population was distrustful to plans for cultivating new cultures. This was due to the lack of knowledge in agronomy and errors in the choice of planting material. The productivity became lower than at pilot farms. The reduction in research financing did not give the chance to overcome these negative factors. Besides, obtaining good results demanded irrigation, which passed in the Lower Volga region in the middle of the 20th century. Now using specified developments can become one of the directions of developing the agriculture of the Lower Volga region as the problems of conducting agriculturalproduction stated above become more surmountable on current material and technical resources. Earlier the crops under consideration were grown up in Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan. Now these states are independent, so it is reasonable to produce a larger range of agricultural products in Russian regions to improve food security.