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Important new developments have strengthened the standing of the social sciences in the federal government. Historical analysis emphasizes the recency of the government's recognition of the national contributions of social science re search. Significant progress has been made despite critical fluctuations. Five factors contributing to the more favored governmental position of social science research are (1) chang ing congressional attitudes; (2) acceptance of the social sci ences at the White House level; (3) inclusion of the social sciences as part of broad definitions of scientific disciplines; (4) the general post-Sputnik interest in American education; and (5) the concern with redressing imbalances in American higher education. Research support for the social sciences is growing but a critical shortage remains in funds for fellowships and assistantships. The social sciences approach the next decade in a climate of acceptance and encouragement.

This book represents the major accomplishments of social scientists who have pioneered in data sharing, highlighting the advantages for social science. It includes an examination of the reasons for data sharing, the specific sharing practices in various disciplines, the factors affecting the usefulness of shared data and individual and institutional concerns about data sharing. It will be useful to academics across the social sciences

Partial contents: The effects of technological progress on existing political systems, by J. Djordjevic; Political science and the promotion of peaceful co-operation, by Walter R. Sharp; Social systems and sociological doctrines, by T. B. Bottomore; The mechanisms of market and planned economies, by M. C. Kaser; Trade between countries with different economic and social systems, by A. K. Cairncross.

AbstractThe self-understanding of a national community as a culturally homogeneous and spatiotemporally delimited entity provided the model for a distinct sphere of the social. It was this new understanding of the social as a theoretical category that made sociology possible. The modern nation-state and sociology are intimately linked. But even as social science requires the resources of the nation-state, it is equally dependent on a vigorous civil culture distinct from the state. Society is the ultimate source for the state's legitimacy. Society arises out of an association of which the nation-state, however important, is but one expression.Technological and economic development is now often used as justifications for the nation-state. But in the present global context, the nation-state is no longer the primary source for knowledge or investment, at least for countries such as the Philippines. The boundaries between nation-states have become porous as center and periphery are increasingly intertwined. Under these conditions, identities no longer represent cores but rather intersections of experience.No longer grounded in a local routine of everyday life with its corresponding set of collective images, culture increasingly becomes merely representation or the domain of signifying practices rather than the arena of practical significations. Under these conditions, where culture is not necessarily collectively shared but only synchronically networked, it becomes almost a personal quest rather than a communal affair. The expression of such a diasporal and subjective identity is manifested in the rise of new forms of ethnicities. In these contexts, culture can be visualized as landscapes and experienced as representations.Cartesian space-time assumes the homogeneous nature of extension/duration, such that any point in the system of coordinates can be expressed as a value of a given function. For modernity, the social can be plotted or imagined as one such function, all of whose members are linked to one another spatio-temporally. A nation-state is a collectivity whose functional representation assumes that all its members share a simultaneous present, and hence, a commonly anticipated future. Any point on this set of spatio-temporal coordinates is functionally linked to other points through membership in a common order called the nation-state.Nation-states see themselves as culturally homogeneous to facilitate the rational negotiation of difference. This view of culture is possible (but not necessary) because modernity is based on a sense of simultaneous presentness generating a commonly anticipated future. Modern society is an association of individuals functionally coordinating their actions to this simultaneous present. However, globality is making other presents possible, resulting in a world with an excess of meaning but a lack of sense.A feature of modernity is the crucial role of knowledge for the expression, maintenance and reproduction of power. While knowledge represents a form of power in all societies, certain modes of power can only be expressed through their relationship with knowledge. Hence, the functionalization of society is a pre-condition for power to be exercised through its control of knowledge. Power requires new forms of knowledge, such as social science, for its effectiveness in modern society. A critical social science is necessary to counterbalance modern society's functional goals if social science is also to play an emancipatory role.he indigenization of social science is an attempt to formalize this distinct perspective but its insistence on unproblematically using the nation as its referent limits its usefulness. In the present condition, the nation-state is no longer the primary site for knowledge-production or identity-formation. These practices now involve personal, local, global and other choices, following their increasingly polyvalent nature. In its attempts to imagine the nation through indigenous concepts, a Philippine social science risks essentializing Filipinohood by reducing its differences. Instead, a Philippine social science should explore the rich sources of difference within civil and global society, as well as point out the contingent and narrow interests of nation-states, thereby helping to establish a universal basis for understanding. This understanding sees social science as part of the human quest for emancipation.

Éditions Vrin, ISBN 978-2-7116-6006-3 ; National audience ; The prominent place of statistics in social life today is not an extension to human affairs of a scientific approach: it is indeed in the human domain that statistics has taken off, before entering the natural sciences and becoming a mathematical discipline. The true explosion of quantitative statistics during the first half of the nineteenth century was linked to the deep transformations of the realities and mentalities generated in Europe by the industrial and political revolutions. Statistics has proved to be a necessary and appropriate instrument of knowledge and management for large contemporary societies of individuals. ; La place prise aujourd'hui par la statistique dans la vie sociale n'est pas extension aux affaires humaines d'une démarche scientifique : c'est dans le domaine humain que la statistique a pris son essor, avant de pénétrer les sciences de la nature et de devenir une discipline mathématique. La véritable explosion de la statistique quantitative au cours de la première moitié du XIX e siècle fut liée aux profondes transformations des réalités et des mentalités engendrées en Europe par les révolutions industrielles et politiques. La statistique s'est avéré l'instrument de connaissance et de gestion à la fois indispensable et adapté aux grandes sociétés d'individus contemporaines.

Éditions Vrin, ISBN 978-2-7116-6006-3 ; National audience ; The prominent place of statistics in social life today is not an extension to human affairs of a scientific approach: it is indeed in the human domain that statistics has taken off, before entering the natural sciences and becoming a mathematical discipline. The true explosion of quantitative statistics during the first half of the nineteenth century was linked to the deep transformations of the realities and mentalities generated in Europe by the industrial and political revolutions. Statistics has proved to be a necessary and appropriate instrument of knowledge and management for large contemporary societies of individuals. ; La place prise aujourd'hui par la statistique dans la vie sociale n'est pas extension aux affaires humaines d'une démarche scientifique : c'est dans le domaine humain que la statistique a pris son essor, avant de pénétrer les sciences de la nature et de devenir une discipline mathématique. La véritable explosion de la statistique quantitative au cours de la première moitié du XIX e siècle fut liée aux profondes transformations des réalités et des mentalités engendrées en Europe par les révolutions industrielles et politiques. La statistique s'est avéré l'instrument de connaissance et de gestion à la fois indispensable et adapté aux grandes sociétés d'individus contemporaines.

"This book offers insights into key research-based strategies that can help to alleviate global challenges faced by both individuals and groups in society. Focusing on conducting qualitative research, the chapters highlight an approach for understanding human thoughts and actions, and examining how things actually function in society. Explaining both the theoretical and practical aspects of doing qualitative research, the book uses examples from real-world research projects to emphasise how to conduct qualitative research in the social sciences. Pranee Liamputtong draws together contributions covering qualitative research in cultural and medical anthropology, sociology, gender studies, political science, criminology, demography, economic sciences, social work, and education. Each chapter discusses the essence of a discipline before examining the contribution of qualitative enquiry and then interrogating traditional qualitative research methods as well as emerging or innovative methods. This will be an invigorating read for students and scholars of the social sciences. Its combination of theoretical and practical insights will also be essential for qualitative researchers"--

"Computational approaches offer exciting opportunities for us to do social science differently. This beginner's guide discusses a range of computational methods and how to use them to study the problems and questions you want to research. It assumes no knowledge of programming, offering step-by-step guidance for coding in Python and drawing on examples of real data analysis to demonstrate how you can apply each approach, including machine learning and social network analysis, in any discipline. The book also: Considers important principles of social scientific computing, including transparency, accountability and reproducibility. Understands the realities of completing research projects and offers advice for dealing with issues such as messy or incomplete data and systematic biases. Teaches you good habits and working practices that enable you to do programming well. This book is for anyone who wants to use computational methods to conduct a social science research project. Supported by a wealth of online resources, including video tutorials and datasets for practice so you can learn at your own pace, this book equips you with the skills to conduct computational social science research for the first time, with confidence"