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Today we examine why countless industry experts are sounding the alarm over the risks inherent in Artificial intelligence (AI) systems with "human-competitive Intelligence" and what can be done about it. We also welcome a positive shift in America's stance on a Chinese mediation role in Ukraine.

We investigated the impact of positive group affective tone on employee work engagement. Participants in the study were 74 research and development groups (324 employees and 74 group leaders) employed by high-technology companies in China. Hierarchical linear modeling results revealed
a positive cross-level relationship between positive group affective tone and employee work engagement; this relationship was partially mediated by employee core self-evaluation. In addition, there was a positive relationship between leader psychological capital and positive group affective
tone at the group level. We further found that leader psychological capital was a moderator between employee core self-evaluation and their work engagement, such that the positive association was stronger when leader psychological capital was high than when it was low. Implications for organizational
and individual change are described, and recommendations for future research directions are discussed.

This paper focuses on Scottish housing organizations, where the relative absence of black and minority ethnic employees is beginning to be addressed by programmes of positive action. The paper defines positive action, discusses experiences elsewhere in Europe and the USA, and identifies issues that have arisen from such programmes. Schemes targeted at the housing profession, such as PATH in both England and Scotland, are described in some detail. The attitudes and experiences of Scottish housing organizations were examined as part of an evaluation of the Scottish PATH programme carried out in 1998, and these are discussed. The paper concludes that a reservoir of goodwill exists towards positive action programmes and that there is a need for such programmes to be extended, possibly with the support of the Scottish Parliament.

Ausgehend von Bedeutungsverschiebungen in der Demokratietheorie fragt der Aufsatz nach den Gefahren solcher output-orientierter Demokratiemodelle für die politische Bildung und ihr normatives Ideal, den Mündigkeitsbegriff. Die Politikdidaktik, so die These, täte gut daran, den Mündigkeitsbegriff an die Vorstellungen von positiver Freiheit und partizipativer Demokratietheorie zu koppeln statt mit ihm einem möglichst großen Output in schulischen Lernprozessen zu verbinden. Mündigkeit und Demokratie sind dann normative Maßstäbe, an denen sich die aktuelle Erscheinungsform der Demokratie und die politische Bildung in ihr messen müssen (Verlag).

Optimal work experiences in the public sector do not receive the attention they deserve. And, though positive psychology research has shown that flourishing in the workplace is connected to healthier and more fulfilled employees as well as improved organizational performance, the public sector has largely taken a backseat as a subject of study in this field. This article addresses this shortcoming by conducting in-depth interviews of current and former public servants to identify the most prevalent features of their best work experiences and their connection to the components of prominent well-being theories. Five characteristics of positive public service emerged: challenge, efficacy, camaraderie, empowerment, and service. Several well-being components were connected to these characteristics as were other features such as hardship, novelty, leadership, and helping others. These findings provide a stronger theoretical basis to suggest that more can be—and should be—expected of government work.

In two experimental studies we explore to what extent the general effects of positive and negative framing also apply to positive and negative persuasion. Our results reveal that negative persuasion induces substantially higher levels of skepticism and awareness of being subjected to a persuasion attempt. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in positive persuasion, more claims lead to stronger persuasion, while in negative persuasion, the numerosity of claims carries no significant effect. We interpret this finding along the lines of a satiety-model of persuasion. Finally, using diluted, or low strength claims in a persuasion attempt, we reveal a significant interaction between dispositional reactance and dilution of claims on persuasion knowledge. The interaction states that diluted claims increase the awareness of being subjected to a persuasion attempt, but only for those with a high dispositional level of reactance.

Dieses Buch behandelt die philosophische Frage, welche Gerechtigkeitspflichten gegenüber Flüchtenden insbesondere seitens westlicher Demokratien bestehen. Dazu wird zunächst die Diskussion um positive Gerechtigkeitspflichten im Allgemeinen behandelt, um von dieser ausgehend den Fall der Flüchtenden zu untersuchen. Zu diesem Zweck wird die Diskussion um die Untersuchung der zuständigen kollektiven Akteure wie Nationalstaaten oder die EU erweitert. Zuletzt setzt sich dieses Buch kritisch mit den möglichen Einschränkungen solcher Gerechtigkeitspflichten gegenüber Flüchtenden anhand der Kriterien der objektiven Notlage, Zuständigkeit, Zulässigkeit, Zumutbarkeit und Aussicht auf Erfolg auseinander.

ABSTRACT This paper explains the "positive profits with negative surplus-value" example of Steedman (1975) and shows that while in joint production systems individual labour values can be negative, the claim that the total labour embodied in the surplus product of the economy (surplus-value) can also be negative is based on assumptions that have no economic meaning (such as negative activity levels).The paper also provides a way to measure the surplus-value of joint production systems which overcomes the problems of the traditional concept and restates the proposition that a positive amount of surplus labour is a necessary condition for positive profits.

AbstractExisting research on immigration has highlighted the close relationship between the potential threat posed by immigrants and the development of anti‐immigrant sentiment among natives. However, immigrants also benefit the host society, and we know little about the effects of perceived benefits on attitudes towards immigration. We explore how exposure to negative and positive information about immigrants shapes people's attitudes towards immigrants through a vignette survey experiment. Our results revealed that respondents' hostility towards immigrants decreased when exposed to positive information, but their attitudes did not necessarily change when they were exposed to negative information. Interestingly, these results were similarly observed in four major issue domains discussed in existing studies—jobs, financial burden, culture and physical safety. Furthermore, the effects of exposure to positive information were not modified by respondents' partisanship, race, education or exposure to immigrants. These results suggest that pro‐immigrant rhetoric can be effective in changing people's attitudes towards immigration.

Several special questioning techniques have been developed in order to counteract misreporting to sensitive survey questions, for example, on criminal behavior. However, doubts have been raised concerning their validity and practical value as well as the strategy of testing their validity using the "more-is-better" assumption in comparative survey experiments. This is because such techniques can be prone to generating false positive estimates, that is, counting "innocent" respondents as "guilty" ones. This article investigates the occurrence of false positive estimates by comparing direct questioning, the crosswise model (CM), and the item count technique (ICT). We analyze data from two online surveys (N = 2,607 and 3,203) carried out in Germany and Switzerland. Respondents answered three questions regarding traits for which it is known that their prevalence in reality is zero. The results show that CM suffers more from false positive estimates than ICT. CM estimates amount to up to 15 percent for a given true value of zero. The mean of the ICT estimates is not significantly different from zero. We further examine factors causing the biased estimates of CM and show that speeding through the questionnaire (random answering) and problems with the measurement procedure—namely regarding the unrelated questions—are responsible. Our findings suggest that CM is problematic and should not be used or evaluated without the possibility of accounting for false positives. For ICT, the issue is less severe.

As the COVID-19 pandemic wears on, America's youth are suffering in unprecedented ways as their journey to adulthood is interrupted by multiple societal effects. This thought leader piece explores the power of positive youth development in a time of national crisis. The paper outlines the effects of COVID‑19 on youths' mental health, educational engagement, and workforce opportunities, all of which have been profoundly affected by the pandemic. The paper makes the case for increasing investment in positive youth development programs and people and highlights key areas where such programs can help support and transform youth, and in-turn society writ large. These areas include increasing equitable access to youth development programs, addressing gaps in opportunities for youth, creating a workforce pipeline, elevating youth voice, and promoting civil discourse and engagement.

Entertainment education has proved its mettle in making health communication effective. The craft of designing informative but non-pedantic messages lies in packaging them in an entertaining manner. This article presents the aspects of positive deviant practices solicited through a research in identifying unique behaviours related to some very personal and familial issues like early pregnancy and adoption of contraception and family planning, safe motherhood and countering the preference for a male child. The identified positive deviant behaviours formed the crux of the substance of the script of an edutainment tele-drama series Main Kuch Bhi Kar Sakti Hoon.