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In times of global migration flows and ever increasing mobility of the workforce in the world, the necessity for constant deepening of theoretical knowledge is imposed as a basis for understanding main determinants of this phenomenon, and with an aim of directing the focus of migration researches towards more efficient overcoming of challenges and making use of the advantages which international migrations could bring both to origin, destination and transit countries. The main goal of this paper is to give a critical review on the development of the economic migrations theory, to state the main similarities and differences between various approaches and to point out to the main drawbacks and problems which the theoretical perspective is facing when studying the determinants of contemporary international labor migrations. The focus of the study refers to voluntary labor migrations with reference to migrations of the highly educated population, while the stress is on economic theories, although some of them are closely connected to sociological, geographical and anthropological theories. The development of the theory on international migrations has been started by micro theoretical models, namely, through the conceptualization of theories which place the individual in the focal point of research, who estimates the positive, namely negative sides of moving from one location to another. Economic models on the micro theoretical level cede more space to models of macro structure which research the social and economic structure within and between countries. There are many theoretical models which offer possible answers to the question on what are the main determinants of international migrations on the macro analytical level. Although every one of them tries to give an answer to the same question, they use different concepts, assumptions and frameworks of research. The reasons which bring about the initiation of international migrations can be significantly different from those which lead to their stabilization in time and space. Although differences in the income height, risks, employment possibilities, market expansion can all influence the continuation of spatial movement of population, new conditions which arise during migration begin to act as independent factors: development of migratory networks, institutionalized support to the development of trans-national activities, as well as changing the social context of work in countries of destination. Therefore, in the analysis of contemporary international migrations the necessity arises for a systematic approach, namely dynamic perspective of research - from recognition to a detailed insight in changeable trends and forms of contemporary migratory movements in the world. In addition, at the same time with the development of new markets, regional economies and technology centers, there has been a 'trans-national turnabout' in the last fifteen years or so in researching migrations, namely a significant development in the approach which stresses the relations which migrants maintain with their families, communities and cultures which are out of the country in which they migrated in. The final part of the paper calls for the requirement of the following: coordination of theoretical concepts with new social conditions, post-industrial world and global processes of transformations in which migrations have an important role; overcoming inadequate coordination and isolation in studying migrations within special scientific disciplines, as well as poor connections of certain aspects of migration study; research of the causes and consequences of migrations as an inseparable part of the general process of social development. .

Для модернизации отечественной экономики, социальной и политической сфер общества необходимо критически осмыслить зарубежный опыт в послевоенный период. В этот период процесс модернизации наиболее интенсивно происходил в бывших колониальных государствах. Развивающиеся государства, двигаясь по универсальному пути модернизации, вырабатывали свои «догоняющие» модели развития. Для российского общества наибольший интерес представляет опыт новых индустриальных государств, основы успеха которых были заложены именно в этот период. Для Омской области наибольший интерес может представлять региональный и локальный опыт модернизации. ; For the modernization of the domestic economy, social and political spheres, it is necessary critically revise foreign experience in the postwar period. During this period, the process of modernization has been especially intensive in former colonial states. Developing countries, moving on a universal way of modernization, elaborated their own «catch-up» models development. For Russian society the greatest experience is represented by new industrial countries, which laid the foundation of success by that time. For the Omsk region especially significant can be regional and local experience of modernization.

Perhaps the most distinctive feature of the post-war Swedish model is the Rehn-Meidner policy complex: macro-economic management, active labour market policy plus solidaristic wages bargaining. This innovative solution to the problem that would come to be associated with the Phillips curve tradeoff between unemployment and inflation was discovered in 1951 by the two LO' economists, Gosta Rehn and Rudolf Meidner. Gosta Rehn's seventy-fifth birthday provided the occasion for a reassessment of his contribution by leading Swedish scholars and policy practitioners. EID has been granted permission to publish a slightly modified translation of Rudolf Meidner's contribution to the festskrift. In the following pages Meidner weaves together historical material, based on documents produced during Rehn's years with LO, and contemporary issues in a spirited tribute to his former colleague and long-standing friend.

We construct a model to study the implications of changes in political institutions for economic institutions. A change in political institutions alters the distribution of de jure political power, but creates incentives for investments in de facto political power to partially or even fully offset change in de jure power. The model can imply a pattern of captured democracy, whereby a democratic regime may survive but choose economic institutions favoring an elite. The model provides conditions under which economic or policy outcomes will be invariant to changes in political institutions, and economic institutions themselves will persist over time. (JEL D02, D72) The domination of an organized minority … over the unorganized majority is inevitable. The power of any minority is irresistible as against each single individual in the majority, who stands alone before the totality of the organized minority. At the same time, the minority is organized for the very reason that it is a minority. —Gaetano Mosca (1939, 53).

This study uses Hungarian quarterly data from the International Monetary Fund to estimate a distributed lag model whose coefficients allow derivation of the short-run and long-run marginal propensities to consume. MPCs are main factors determining the consumption, investment, government spending, and export and import multipliers of the economy. Hungary's economy has stagnated and its policy makers are exploring new ways to manage its economy. Our model reveals that the numerical value of Hungarian short-run marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is 0.4081181655 and the long-run MPC is 0.9458619. These results are consistent with the corresponding figures in emerging and advanced economies. These derived MPCs suggest that Hungarian economic policy makers should use fiscal instruments to bring these macroeconomic variables back to their long-term trend effectively

В статье представлен авторский подход к определению эффективности взаимодействия предпринимательских и государственных структур в процессе земельных отношений. Экономико-математическая модель позволяет выявить потери в результате взаимодействия предпринимательских и государственных структур, а также дает возможность оценить экономический эффект деятельности всех участников процесса земельных отношений. ; The author determines the effective way of business and government structures cooperating within land sphere. One is able to estimate losses in cooperating of those structures and economic effectiveness of all the agents involved.

9780444627247_WEB -- Front Cover -- Handbook of Media Economics -- Copyright -- Introduction to the Series -- Contents -- Introduction -- Contributors -- Acknowledgment -- Dedication -- Part I: Media Market Structure and Performance -- Chapter 1: Preference Externalities in Media Markets -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Fixed Costs and Heterogeneous Preferences -- 1.2.1. Fixed Costs -- 1.2.2. Preference Heterogeneity -- 1.2.3. Willingness to Consume Second-Choice Products -- 1.2.4. Advertiser Finance -- 1.2.5. Change in Costs over Time -- 1.3. Theory -- 1.3.1. Classic Models -- 1.3.1.1. Preference Externalities with Spectrum Constraints: Steiner and Beebe Models -- 1.3.1.2. The Tyranny of the Yuppies -- 1.3.1.3. Lowest Common Denominator -- 1.3.2. Spatial Models -- 1.3.2.1. Negative Preference Externalities Under Monopoly -- 1.3.2.2. Preference Externalities Under Duopoly -- 1.3.3. Market Size and Equilibrium Media Diversity -- 1.3.4. Optimum Media Diversity -- 1.3.5. Cross-Group Externalities -- 1.3.6. Variety -- 1.3.7. Multiple Stations -- 1.4. Empirical Results: Facts Relevant to Predictions from Theory -- 1.4.1. The Own-Group Preference Externality -- 1.4.1.1. Market Size and Entry -- 1.4.1.2. Market Size and Variety -- 1.4.1.3. Market Size and Quality -- 1.4.1.4. Market Size and Consumption -- 1.4.2. Preference Externalities with Multiple Consumer Types -- 1.4.2.1. Preference Externalities in Markets with Few Products -- 1.4.2.2. Preference Externalities with Heterogeneous Consumers in Markets with Many Products -- 1.4.3. Efficient Entry and Preference Externalities -- 1.5. Technological Change, Fixed Costs, and Preference Externalities -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2: The Advertising-Financed Business Model in Two-Sided Media Markets -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Cast of Characters -- 2.2.1. Consumers -- 2.2.2. Advertisers.

"Cooperative Enterprises is the first textbook to examine the evolution of cooperative enterprise model and the contribution that cooperatives can make to the economy and society. It provides an accessible overview of the subject, looking at history, cooperative models, theories, legislation and governance. Cooperative Enterprises takes an international approach throughout, drawing on examples from cooperatives from across the globe. The book offers a valuable historical perspective, placing cooperatives within their political, social, cultural and economic context since the industrial revolution. It analyses and compares the cooperative law of 26 jurisdictions. It showcases key defining moments for cooperative enterprises, cooperative development models, cooperative-specific good practice standards, and compares the cooperative model with the private enterprise model giving readers a comprehensive view of the subject. The book also demonstrates that cooperatives correct the market, complement the role of the state, support local economic development, reduce income and wealth inequalities, and promote social cohesion. Students are supported with a range of pedagogical features, including case studies, tables, figures, chapter summaries, and discussion questions to encourage critical thinking. This is the ideal textbook for undergraduate and postgraduate courses on cooperative studies, and will also be an illuminating resource for students, researchers and policymakers interested in social enterprise, business history, economic history, corporate governance, economic democracy and community development"--

ABSTRACTA recent class of models on 'keeping up with the Joneses' suggests that comparison with the consumption of other individuals affects individual utility. This paper nests three variants of the 'Joneses' effect into an otherwise standard growth model. Under some conditions, growth and distribution are jointly determined, presenting thus a unification of the relevant theories. These variants are however not equivalent in terms of their effects on growth and distribution. It is also shown that, at least if comparisons‐in‐mean predominate, rises in the mean skills level and in the exogenous skills variance increase both growth and inequality with ambiguous effects on aggregate welfare.

AbstractThe objective of the paper is to verify if income inequality impedes the growth rates in OECD countries in the period of 1990–2014 and to reveal whether the choice of the income inequality measure determines the sign and the strength of the estimated relationship. We use system GMM to estimate parameters of a dynamic panel growth model. The research indicates that income inequality negatively affects economic growth. We also find evidence that various measures of inequality bring the different scale of consequences for economic growth, with measures that give more weight to the middle part of the distribution being the weakest predictor of GDP growth. Simultaneously, we present the test of weak instruments, which helps to explain these differences.

Mismeasurement of intangible assets in a company may result in high costs and loss of its competitiveness and position in the market. Conventional evaluation methods are not able to identify reliably intangible intensive business value because of such assets specificity. Therefore, the business assessment process adjustment, making it comprehensive and including the intangible asset valuation methods is a critical process that allows to evaluate companies better and increases business management efficiency and quality. The article states the importance of further scientific research in the areas of the intangible value resources, creation of business valuation, intangible assets valuation methods and models - the creation of intangible assets on the firm level and how they meet changing needs of the company's owners, capital markets investors, politicians and other interest-groups needs in the intangible intensive economy should be analysed as well as how economic systems based on intangible assets operates. Also special attention is be given to the strenghtening of the cooperation of scientific research and business. It's important to avoid a repeat of guidelines, methods, models and systems of intangible assets' measurement and business valuation methods and to eliminate its disadvantages in order to create and establish universal system for effective intangible intensive business valuation.

This book addresses three main dimensions of risk management in emerging markets: 1) the effectiveness of risk management practices; 2) current issues and challenges in risk assessment and modelling in emerging market countries; 3) the responses of emerging markets to the recent financial crises and the design of risk management models.

Digital transformation of economy leads to changes in industrial markets and firms behavior on them. They begin to compete basing not on expansion of their market share but on creating a benefit for a consumer. Therefore, increase of firm competitiveness requires information about consumer preferences and behavior, which in turn leads to a changes in the role and forms of supply chain participants interaction. In such a situation, big data operators gain a competitive advantage, backed by high fixed costs of extracting value from big data, which provides monopoly power. The question arises about the possibility of considering big data and the behavior of such data operators based on the provisions of the essential facilities doctrine. The research is based on the theory of essential facilities and its application in the construction of an optimization model of big data market subjects behavior. The matter of big data attribution to essential facilities is solved basing on study of approaches to interpretation of big data and essential facilities categories, analysis of interrelation and size of big data processing costs, building a model of big data operator behavior when supplying firms on neighboring markets with processed information. It is shown that big data in processed form can be attributed to essential facilities as their collection and processing are connected to high initial costs which block possibility of their duplication by competitors. However, the peculiarity of it as essential facilities is that they do not completely limit the possibility of entering the market, but determine the competitiveness of firms in it, which causes the growth of the importance of such an entry barrier as the formation of customer loyalty. Such results raise the question of the need and ways to regulate access to big data as essential facilities, since their incorrect regulation or lack of such can lead to a decrease in the markets or supply chains performance and the effectiveness of industrial or antimonopoly regulation.