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The present study evaluated Magic Circle, a primary prevention strategy aimed at fostering positive self-esteem and attitudes connected with school. Process evaluation indicated that although the teachers valued the training process and content and mastered most of the skills involved, the number of Circles conducted by the teachers varied considerably. At posttest, experimental teachers were more satisfied with teaching than were controls. Analysis of class-level student data revealed higher social self-esteem but more minor discipline problems for experimental boys. No effects were found for girls. Results were unrelated to amount of Magic Circle exposure.

Measuring client and program outcomes in human services remains as difficult as it is controversial. In the context of changing public funding in many social programs, we offer an assessment of current problems facing outcome evaluation as conceptualized in legislation, as practiced at the agency level and from a systems perspective. The article points out that while research and evaluation are clearly interdependent functions, they operate with differing value, resource, and reward systems when program outcome performance is assessed. We argue for a new balance of effort between the prospective validation of social welfare programs (research) and retrospective program analysis (evaluation).

A large literature points to the abominable condition of American jails. Comparison of national surveys of jail conditions conducted in 1972 and 1978 indicates that what little improvement has occurred is minimal compared to remaining problems. A number of factors have prevented state‐set standards from achieving widespread improvement in local jail conditions: high costs, local autonomy and lack of credible threats for forcing compliance. The failure of New York State to implement adequate health standards illustrates the limitations of the standards approach. Other approaches, such as strategies for replacing local jails with regional facilities, deserve the attention of policy researchers.

This paper investigates the extent to which characteristics of the organic model of organization are correlated with innovation rates in a sample of 110 American factories. The more organic rather than mechanical the socio-technical structure of the organization, the higher the innovation rate. However, the organic design rules work best in a small-scale, high technology niche. This result transcends Burns and Stalker by suggesting that there is more than one best way to organize for innovation. Some of the problems of organizing for innovation in large-scale, high technology environments are explored at the conclusion of the paper.

ABSTRACTThis paper considers the modeling of decision‐making problems under uncertainty, indicating current gaps in knowledge and promising research directions. Technical details are omitted, and no attempt is made to review past work since excellent recent reviews are available. The discussion of research topics is divided into four categories: model formulation, modeling uncertainty, modeling preferences, and modeling competitive and group decisions. The primary focus is normative, although descriptive work that can be valuable from a normative perspective is included. The suggested research directions cover the entire spectrum from theory to application.Subject Areas: Decision Analysis, Statistical Decision Theory, and Game Theory.

The Report of the Committee on Ministers' Powers which appeared in 1932, was principally concerned with problems of subordinate legislation and formal administrative adjudication. Against a background of Dicey's views on parliamentary sovereignty and the Rule of Law, the Committee explored a variety of issues and made numerous proposals. In this article an attempt is made to consider why the Committee was appointed and what has happened since 1932. Particular reference is made to the Report of the Committee on Administrative Tribunals and Enquiries which appeared in 1957. The Reports of 1932 and 1957 are important in identifying significant developments in administrative law during this century.

The key problems for the survival of mankind are disarmament and development. Science and technology play a major role as much to emphasize the threat as to give mankind the means to proceed to a correct identification of risks, the way to remedy them, and to move toward new promises and expectations. A philosophical and ethical clarification has become necessary, in the perspective of a new world economic order. A code of conduct must be sought, by consensus, for the international transfer of science and technology to reduce inequalities and inequities. The existing system of sociopolitical values must be reintegrated in a worldwide value system.

AbstractThis paper introduces the special Ulster issue of the Journal. It argues that Ulster offers enough similarities with other jurisdictions in the British Isles to enable comparison, and enough distinctive features to make such comparison interesting. The papers in the issue are briefly commented upon. This paper goes on to identify a number of topics not dealt with in this issue where comparative research may be fruitful. These include: conditional release from prison; trends in crime reporting and clear‐up rates; the problems of maintaining civil rights at times of civil conflict; and the role of private security services in law enforcement.

Abstract. Today's perception of land problems stems in part from agriculturally‐oriented data developed in the late 19th Century and continued in present day series. Henry George criticized the agricultural statistics of his time but he was as much a captive of the data as his antagonist, Francis A. Walker. The historical identity of farm with farm operator in agricultural statistics is a basis for current concerns about the structure of agriculture. Landownership issues now transcend agriculture. The distribution of wealth, control of use, incidence of taxes and subsidies require land data not tied to a particular firm, industry or program.

The purpose of this section is to allow our readers the chance to publish "anecdotes" concerning cases they have dealt with as counseling professionals. Stories about problems that you handled, either successfully or unsuccessfully, new of new programs or procedures, or comments on what is happening in the world of counseling—all are appropriate topics for upcoming issues. If you are or have been involved in something you think is interesting, write it down, and don't worry about the prose—that's our job. Send your material to Katy Bennight, 656 S. W. Fourth Terrace, Florida City, Florida 33034.

On March 20, 1980, a small group of would-be Cuban exiles attempted to force a bus through the gates of the Peruvian embassy in Havana. In the process, they killed one Cuban military guard on duty and apparently touched off a chain of events that resulted in the "Freedom Flotilla"—the dramatic emigration of 125,266 Cubans (Bowen, 1980:9). This exodus, one of the most controversial episodes in recent U.S.-Cuban relations, also sparked a national and international ideological debate over its significance. Central to the ideological struggle and the theme of this article are the legitimacy problems facing the Cuban state.

Since the fall of 1980, one counselor who specializes in alcoholism treatment and one who works with the hearing impaired have been meeting on a weekly basis with a group of hearing-impaired alcoholics, several of whom have remained sober for many months. The conversational languages of the hearing-impaired members range from ASL to signed English, but all are able to communicate in ASL. The purpose of this article is to share experiences in forming this outpatient treatment program for the hearing-impaired alcoholic. Problems encountered, knowledge that has been gained, and implications for further development will be discussed.

Wohnungspolitik wird im kommunalen Bereich, wie hier am Beispiel der Stadt Salzburg gezeigt wird, weniger durch konsistente, tatsächlich greifende Konzepte bzw. Maßnahmen als vielmehr durch einfache Unterlassung gemacht, d.h. durch Nichtausschöpfen rechtlicher und finanzieller Möglichkeiten. Zum Beleg dieser Aussage gibt der Autor einen aufrißartigen Überblick zur aktuellen Wohnungssituation Salzburgs und zeigt die Entwicklungstendenzen der Wohnversorgung der Stadt auf. Die Gründe für die 'neue Wohnungsnot' liegen demnach in 1. dem Rückgang des Wohnungsbaus ibs. des öffentlichen Bereichs für Mietwohnungen, 2. dem Verlust von innerstädtischem Wohnraum und 3. in der großen Zahl leerstehender Häuser. Diese negative Entwicklung betrifft vor allem sozial Schwache, Kinderreiche, Gastarbeiter und Alte. Die Kommunalpolitik reagiert auf diese Probleme hilflos. Die vorgeschlagenen Lösungsansätze sind in ihrer Substanz zutiefst struktur-konservativ und rühren dementsprechend nur an den Symptomen der Krise marktwirtschaftlich organisierter Produktion und Verteilung von Wohnungen. Eine spürbare Entlastung der angespannten Salzburger Wohnungssituation ist in absehbarer Zeit nicht zu erwarten. Eine Umorientierung der kommunalen Wohnungspolitik ist also erforderlich. (NG)

Die Entwicklung von Computer, Mikroelektronik und Industrieroboter ist durch atemberaubende Rapidität und durch immer neue Einsatzbereiche gekennzeichnet. Angesichts der unübersehbaren sozialen Folgen der Technisierung (insbesondere quantitative und qualitative Arbeitsplatzeffekte) wurde 1979 in Peine ein Arbeitskreis gegründet, in dem Gewerkschafter, Betriebsräte, Vertrauensleute und direkt Betroffene gemeinsam über Bedingungen und Probleme der Rationalisierungen diskutieren. In dem Arbeitskreis "Arbeit und Technik" treffen sich inzwischen monatlich ca. 30 Arbeiter und Angestellte aus unterschiedlichen Bereichen. Ziel der gemeinsamen Bemühungen ist das Erkennen wirtschaftlicher und sozio-politischer Zusammenhänge im Hinblick auf technische Umstellungen und ihre Folgen. Die Teilnehmer versuchen darüber hinaus, ihren eigenen Standort realistisch einzuschätzen, zum allgemeinen Problembewußtsein beizutragen, demokratische Verhaltensweisen zu diskutieren und die Fähigkeit zum politischen Handeln zu entwickeln. Der Arbeitskreis will nicht etwa den technischen Wandel blockieren, sondern diesen im Interesse der Menschen zu gestalten helfen. Zu den einzelnen Veranstaltungen werden komponente Referenten aus der Gewerkschaftsarbeit, der Berufs- und Weiterbildung und aus der Personalplanung eingeladen. Der Beitrag nennt die Themen, die in dem Peiner Arbeitskreis bislang behandelt wurden. (JL)

Many of the problems which are presented to family physicians are not covered by their medical training. In a residency program, these aspects of family medicine must be stressed—preferably by the same teacher, preferably over a period of time not less than two three-month blocks. The political implications of this emphasis are many and varied, but all of them lead to the same endpoint: the need for a clearly stated curriculum. The only way critics of family medicine training programs can be answered is by clear statements of content intended to produce a particular type of physician.