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The Law of the Republic of Indonesia authorizes Aceh to implement shari'a law in various sectors, including jināyāt (Islamic criminal law). This additional authority is different from the authority of the Religious Courts (Pengadilan Agama) in other provinces in Indonesia. This article analyzes the process of handling children in criminal cases in the Aceh's Shari'a Courts in Aceh using the lex specialis derogate legi generalis and the systematic lex specialis principles. The data in this study comes from legal documents and interviews with Shari'a Court judges. The results show that the handling of Islamic criminal offenses involving children has been carried out by referring to existing laws and regulations according to the principle of specificity. However, some issues arise related to human resources and appropriate facilities. Most of the judges have not obtained special training in handling children's cases, which influenced their knowledge on the issue. Moreover, children involving in legal cases are still treated using similar facilities as adults. These weaknesses, however, can be appropriately resolved by the Shari'a Courts and the Aceh Government. Abstrak:Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia memberikan kewenangan kepada Aceh untuk menerapkan syariat Islam di berbagai bidang, termasuk jināyāt (hukum pidana Islam). Pemerintah Aceh mengeluarkan qanun (Peraturan Daerah) yang mencakup beberapa jarīmah (perbuatan pidana) dan pelaksanaannya menjadi kewenangan Pengadilan Syariah (Mahkamah Syar'iyyah) di Aceh. Kewenangan tambahan ini berbeda dengan kewenangan Peradilan Agama di provinsi lain di Indonesia. Hakim-hakim di pengadilan-pengadilan tersebut tidak mendapatkan pendidikan khusus dalam hukum pidana, terutama kasus-kasus yang melibatkan anak-anak yang telah diatur dalam undang-undang khusus. Kewenangan tambahan dalam memeriksa dan mengadili perkara pidana di Mahkamah Syariah menimbulkan persoalan Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) baru. Artikel ini menganalisis proses penanganan anak di Pengadilan Syariah di Aceh dengan menggunakan prinsip lex specialis derogate legi generalis dan systematic lex specialis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penanganan tindak pidana Islam yang melibatkan anak telah dilakukan dengan mengacu pada peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada sesuai dengan asas kekhususan. Beberapa kelemahan sumber daya manusia dan infrastruktur dapat diselesaikan dengan baik oleh Pengadilan Syariah dan Pemerintah Aceh.

The paper studies the offenses that protect the legal right to sexual indemnity and freedom in Honduran law, starting with the analysis of the social context of the country in relation to sexual violence, and then analyzes the current constitutional and secondary legislation that pursue to eradicate this violence. Specifically, the paper analyzes the criminal law that punish the violation of legal rights under study, for identify if in the criminal legislation persist gender stereotypes, which may have an adverse effect in the protection of the rights of victims to be treated with equality. After analyzing the various offenses is evident that, despite the various reforms carried out to the Honduran criminal law, it is necessary to review and change the configuration of some crimes, especially the crimes of rape and statutory rape; and suppressing other offenses whose regulation might induce judges to link such crimes with concepts such as honor and shame, as in the cases of crimes of rape and incest. Also, exist a lack of systematization in the criminal regulation of sexual violence that affects its holistic application.Realidad y Reflexión Año 15, N° 42, 2015; 55-88 ; El artículo hace un estudio de los delitos que protegen el bien jurídico libertad e indemnidad sexual en la legislación hondureña, comenzando con el análisis del contexto social del país en relación con la violencia sexual, para luego analizar la actual legislación constitucional y secundaria que busca erradicar este tipo de violencia. En específico, se analiza a la legislación penal que sanciona la vulneración de los bienes jurídicos en estudio, para identificar si en los tipos penales persisten estereotipos de género que puedan incidir de forma negativa en la protección del derecho de las víctimas a ser tratadas con igualdad.Realidad y Reflexión Año 15, N° 42, 2015; 55-88

Ever since the medieval period the evil practice of child marriage has been prevailed in India. Even the law makers have recognised child marriage as legal. The laws relating to marriage are governed by personal laws. Section 5 of the Hindu Marriage Act states about the condition of valid marriage. As per Section 5(iii) of the Act states that age of marriage as one of the major conditions for valid marriage. As per the section the age of the bride is 18 years and bridegroom is 21 years. The researcher is of the view that, the age criteria is not adhered strictly by the people. Since, it is a personal law this has given more importance than any other legislations. Because, it is evident from precedents that the child marriage does not come under the purview of section 11 and 12 of the Hindu Marriage Act. Further, the validity of the marriage of the child is silent but it is punishable as per Act. Hence, the researcher concludes that with regard to the validity of the child marriage has to be amended by looking into the welfare of the child.

Ever since the medieval period the evil practice of child marriage has been prevailed in India. Even the law makers have recognised child marriage as legal. The laws relating to marriage are governed by personal laws. Section 5 of the Hindu Marriage Act states about the condition of valid marriage. As per Section 5(iii) of the Act states that age of marriage as one of the major conditions for valid marriage. As per the section the age of the bride is 18 years and bridegroom is 21 years. The researcher is of the view that, the age criteria is not adhered strictly by the people. Since, it is a personal law this has given more importance than any other legislations. Because, it is evident from precedents that the child marriage does not come under the purview of section 11 and 12 of the Hindu Marriage Act. Further, the validity of the marriage of the child is silent but it is punishable as per Act. Hence, the researcher concludes that with regard to the validity of the child marriage has to be amended by looking into the welfare of the child.

"The trial which is now about to begin is unique in the history of the jurisprudence of the world and it is of supreme importance to millions of people all over the globe."
Thus spoke the President of the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg, Lord Justice Lawrence, upon the occasion of the institution of the so-called Trial against the Major War Criminals on November 20, 1945. If his statement is correct, then the German people undoubtedly rank in first place among these millions. This also was the opinion of the chief prosecutor which recurred several times in his statements. Thus the French representative, Mr. François de Menthon, exclaimed:This work of justice is equally indispensable for the future of the German people…The initial condemnation of Nazi Germany by your High Tribunal will be a first lesson for these people and will constitute the best starting point … of re-education which must be its great concern during the coming years…Your judgment … can serve as a foundation for the moral uplift of the German people, first stage in its integration into the community of free countries. …

The responsibility of states and international organizations is an essential issue of contemporary international law. All other debates in this branch of law seem to follow up on this issue. In fact, whenever a state violates its international obligation, the question of the responsibility of such a state arises. However, in addition to being essential, this issue is also an extremely politically sensitive area, as only some states, guided mainly by demand for respect for their territorial sovereignty and the principle of equality of all states, are willing to accept all the consequences of such behavior in international relations with other subjects of international law, while those that consider themselves more equal than others (primus inter pares), particularly the great world powers, will be largely reluctant to accept legal responsibility for their illegal acts, and especially for the commission of international crimes in the narrow sense, which includes the crime of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression. With international organizations, the problems in this regard are perhaps even greater.In this paper we examine the meaning of further survival of the concept of criminal responsibility of states and international organizations, wanting to examine the concept and definition of criminal responsibility of transnational corporations at the international level, while in the second part of the article we try to shed a light on political-legal responsibility. In addition to the fact that this concept is probably unsustainable under international law, it seems that the approach to advocating for the criminal responsibility of the state, as well as international organizations, is unnecessary. Therefore, we should work on building and thoroughly elaborating the concept of international responsibility of the state and the international organization in the conditions of international crimes stricto sensu, in other words, serious breaches of obligations arising from peremptory norms of general international law. In this way, without creating legally unsustainable constructions, essentially the same goal would be achieved.