Suchergebnisse

Although substantive competition law has been largely ?Europeanized?, procedural law comes, for the most part, under the autonomy of the Member States and, for a long time, thinking on the procedural aspects of competition law?s application had not been in the focus of the European scholarship. Nonetheless, recently, ?procedure? became one of the most topical issues of European competition law and came to the fore of the scholarly discourse. This edited volume addresses the above subject?s pan-European framework and its Central European perspectives with the purpose of channelling the region?s experiences into the European discourse. The book?s first part (Section 1) examines the general issues of the procedural aspects of competition law?s application, while Sections 2 and 3 analyse the administrative competition procedure (and judicial review) and the legal consequences of breaching competition rules in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia

This study aims to reconsider the role of foreign direct investment determinants for European national development and to analyze the impacts of the pandemic situation caused by COVID-19. Foreign direct investment is a source of development; therefore, this study includes empirical applications, specifically the random effect model, for EU countries, during the pandemic period. This study provides some valuable conclusions regarding the changes caused by the main determinants of foreign direct investment, such as unemployment, interest rates, economic growth, inflation, and business confidence. Additionally, the proxies of COVID-19 are the number of cases and number of deaths, both appearing to positively contribute to FDI outflow, the former with a higher impact than the latter. Based on the availability of the data, this paper deals with 22 European Union countries for Q1, Q2, and Q3 of 2020. Data for all the chosen variables were not available for the fourth quarter (Q4); thus, this period was not considered, which constitutes a limitation of this study, but confirms the need for robust FDI inflows to support the sustainable post-pandemic development recovery of less-developed EU countries. As the need for external funding sources, i.e., FDI inflow, grows in times of crisis, governments should take suitable measures to uplift the confidence of socially responsible foreign investors during difficult times generated by black swan events. There is almost no detailed research regarding the impact of COVID-19 on FDI flows received by European Union countries.

The article presents a comparative analysis of the structure of the land fund of European countries. The analysis of agricultural, forestry, housing and other types (types) of land use and land ownership of European countries in comparison with Ukraine. The condition and saturation of the infrastructural objects of the investigated territories are analyzed. The researches of the specific land use in EU countries significantly increased after Ukraine had elected the European Integration vector. Equally important is the issue of the research of effective land use for different economic purposes by European land users as the main basis of their economic activity. The analysis of the land-use condition and the experience of EU countries can be used as a vector of effective and rational land-use and it can be a guide in organization of effective land policy with further integration into European space. The works of domestic and foreign scientist were devoted to actual questions of study of the modern condition and prospective use of urbanized, natural and agricultural areas – they are D.S.Dobriak, C.N.Volkova, Y.F.Dehtiarenko, SH.I.Ibatullin, O.P.Kanash, M.G.Lyhoghrud, A.G.Martyn, Y.M.Paleha, A.M.Tretiak, V.M.Drughak, A.Y.Stupen', A.Smith, J.Keynes, V.Kristaller, P.Krugman, R.Lucas and others. At the same time the prospective of intensified land-use as the main spatial of production basis was not researched enough. Comparative characteristic of land-use structures is still actual, that gives an opportunity to assess the effectiveness оцінити ефективність and prospects for further use of land potential. Setting targets consists in identification of features and comparative assessment of the land state, natural landscape systems and areas with different levels of urbanization within countries of the European Union and Ukraine . Summarising the results of the research it leads to the following conclusions: • by analysing the structure of land-use in EU countries we find a significant heterogeneity in it's structure; • ...

This study aims to reconsider the role of foreign direct investment determinants for European national development and to analyze the impacts of the pandemic situation caused by COVID-19. Foreign direct investment is a source of development; therefore, this study includes empirical applications, specifically the random effect model, for EU countries, during the pandemic period. This study provides some valuable conclusions regarding the changes caused by the main determinants of foreign direct investment, such as unemployment, interest rates, economic growth, inflation, and business confidence. Additionally, the proxies of COVID-19 are the number of cases and number of deaths, both appearing to positively contribute to FDI outflow, the former with a higher impact than the latter. Based on the availability of the data, this paper deals with 22 European Union countries for Q1, Q2, and Q3 of 2020. Data for all the chosen variables were not available for the fourth quarter (Q4); thus, this period was not considered, which constitutes a limitation of this study, but confirms the need for robust FDI inflows to support the sustainable post-pandemic development recovery of less-developed EU countries. As the need for external funding sources, i.e., FDI inflow, grows in times of crisis, governments should take suitable measures to uplift the confidence of socially responsible foreign investors during difficult times generated by black swan events. There is almost no detailed research regarding the impact of COVID-19 on FDI flows received by European Union countries.

Chapter 4 ; This article sets out to explore the phenomenon of geo-blocking practices in the EU's e-Commerce sector. It will seek insight into how these practices are actually impacting the EU's small Member States. It will analyse the action taken by the European Commission (CION) in ending unjustified geoblocking practices through its adoption of a geo-blocking proposal. Since this proposal was mainly discussed during the Maltese Presidency of the Council, this article will assess the work undertaken by the Maltese Presidency during its mandate of the Presidency of the Council in 2017. [excerpt] ; peer-reviewed

Introduction -- Social legitimacy, the social sphere and embeddedness within the internal market -- Social legitimacy in EU free movement law -- Social legitimacy in EU competition law -- Social legitimacy in EU state aid law -- Conclusion : social legitimacy in the internal market on the basis of a dialogue of mutual responsiveness.

Great Judgments of the European Court of Justice presents a new approach to understanding the landmark decisions of the European Court of Justice in the 1960s and 1970s. By comparing the Court's doctrines to the enforcement and escape mechanisms employed by more common forms of trade treaty, it demonstrates how the individual rights created by the doctrine of direct effect were connected to the practical challenges of trade politics among the European states and, in particular, to the suppression of unilateral safeguard mechanisms and inter-state retaliation. Drawing on the writings and speeches of French Judge and President of the Court, Robert Lecourt, it demonstrates that one of the Court's most influential judges shared this understanding of the logic of direct effect. This book offers a distinctive interpretation of the Court of Justice's early years, as well as of the purpose of the fundamental principles of European law.