Suchergebnisse

Contains appendix. ; Spine title: Life of General Harrison. ; Running title: Sketches of General Harrison. ; Princeton's copy defective lacks t.p. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Translated from the Spanish by Steinar Hansson and Hazel Johnson.

Contents: The takeover of Greece [address], by Andreas Papandreou; Greece: a case of [alleged American] neocolonialism, by An economic observer; Democratic or socialist revolution in Greece? by Fondas Ladis.

Sociologists and political scientists have long fretted over the dangers that a politicized military poses to democracy. In recent times, however, civil–military relations experts in the United States accepted retired or indeed still serving generals and admirals in high-ranking political posts. Despite customary revulsion from scholars, the sudden waivers are an indicator that military participation in momentous national security decisions is inherently political without necessarily being partisan, including when civilian authority defers to a largely autonomous sphere for objective military expertise. Military politics is actually critical for healthy civil–military collaboration, when done prudently and moderately. Janowitz and Huntington, founders of the modern study of civil–military relations, understood the U.S. military's inevitable invitation to political influence. Here, we elaborate on two neglected dimensions, implicit in their projects, of military politics under objective civilian control based on classical virtues of civic republicanism: Aristotle's practical wisdom and Machiavelli's virtú.

During the early modern centuries, gunpowder and artillery revolutionized warfare, and armies grew rapidly. To sustain their new military machines, the European rulers turned increasingly to their civilian subjects, making all levels of civil society serve the needs of the military. This volume examines civil-military interaction in the multinational Swedish Realm in 1550–1800, with a focus on its eastern part, present-day Finland, which was an important supply region and battlefield bordered by Russia. Sweden was one of the frontrunners of the Military Revolution in the 16th and 17th centuries. The crown was eager to adapt European models, but its attempts to outsource military supply to civilians in a realm lacking people, capital, and resources were not always successful. This book aims at explaining how the army utilized civilians – burghers, peasants, entrepreneurs – to provision itself, and how the civil population managed to benefit from the cooperation. The chapters of the book illustrate the different ways in which Finnish civilians took part in supplying war efforts, e.g. how the army made deals with businessmen to finance its military campaigns and how town and country people were obliged to lodge and feed soldiers.

Three questions loom large in the study of civil-military relations, and are fruitfully asked of the United States, Japan, and China. What accounts for the subordination of the military to political authority? To what extent is the military reflective of societal values? How do civilian and military leaders think about and manage the central function of the military, namely the use of force? We find that despite the very different record of civil-military relations across these three cases, models and conceptual tools originally developed to explain American civil-military relations do have analytical leverage over the Japanese and Chinese cases. These tools, however, must be modified to adjust to the cultural and historical context of each case, and lead to different conclusions about prevailing civil-military relations in each setting. (Asian Perspect/DÜI)

Civil-military relations in Turkey have been an everlasting debate since the foundation of the republic in 1923. In order to maintain political order and protect these institutions, the military found it necessary to intervene five times in 1960, 1971, 1980, 1997 and 2007. This article looking at the period between 1997 and2007 and analyzing the civil-military dynamics in Turkey in the context of National Security policy making process and in the framework of EU integration process.Furthermore, in terms of the roles and missions of the military in Turkey, the article discussing the problems of "civilianization" of army institution, the specific features of National Security discourse in that country as an obstacle on the road of consolidating democracy.