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Günümüzde Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları, demokratikleşmenin başlıca sebebi olmasa da, demokrasinin temel taşı olarak görülmektedir. STK'ların, devlet ile arasında çift taraflı bir ilişki bulunması, başka bir deyişle, STK'lar, devletin demokrasisini daha şeffaf bir hale getirirken devletin de sivil toplum alanındaki örgütler arası güç dengesini koruması beklenmektedir. STK'lar, devlet ve toplum arasında çok yönlü bir köprü görevi görmektedir. Yurttaşların STK'lar aracılığıyla, savunuculuk faaliyetlerine ve dolayısıyla, demokratik yönetim sürecine katılmalarının toplumsal dengeye katkısı yadsınamaz. Özellikle savunu yapan sivil toplum kuruluşlarının, Doğası gereği toplumu sosyal refah açısından dönüştürme ve politika etkileme faaliyetlerine katılmaları söz konusudur. Bu noktada, sivil toplum kuruluşlarının da hak temelli savunuculuk kavramı hakkındaki anlayışları ve toplumdaki görev ve sorulumlulukları hakkındaki yaklaşımları önem kazanmaktadır. Bu nedenle, STK'ların, karar mekanizmasının en önemli bileşenlerinden biri olan yöneticilerin, hak temelli savunuculuk perspektifinden halkla ilişkiler algısının ne olduğu, iletişim politikasını doğrudan etkileyeceği için son derece önemlidir. Çalışmada, çocuk hakları alanında savunuculuk yapan yerel STK'ların yöneticilerinin, hak temellilik ve halkla ilişkiler algıları, derinlemesine görüşme yöntemiyle ölçülmüş ve betimsel olarak analiz edilmiştir. ; Today, non-governmental organizations are seen as the cornerstone of democracy, though not a leading cause of democratization. NGOs are expected to have a bilateral relationship with the state. in other words, they are expected to make the state's democracy more transparent, while the state is expected to maintain a balance of inter-organizational power in the field of civil society. NGOs act as a multidimensional bridge between the state and society. The social balance and transformation power cannot be denied. When advocacy activities are considered as the participation of citizens in the democratic management process through CSOs. Particularly the rights-based non-governmental organizations, by their nature, have the need to transform the society in favor of social welfare and influence policy. At this point, the perceptions of civil society organizations about rights-based advocacy and their duties and responsibilities in society gains importance. Therefore, the public relations perception from the perspective of rigts-based advocacy of the NGO managers, which is one of the most important component of the decision-making mechanism of the NGO, will directly affect the communication policy of the NGO. In this study, the perceptions of rights and public relations of the executives of local NGOs advocating in the field of children's rights were measured and analyzed descriptively through in-depth interviews.

Intro -- Authors -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- 1. Introduction: English School Investigationsat the Regional Level, Aleš Karmazin -- 2. The English School and Regional International Societies: Theoretical and Methodological Reflections, Filippo Costa-Buranelli -- 3. Towards a Regional International Society: Making Senseof Regionalism(s) in East Asia, Yongjin Zhang -- 4. Unpacking South American International Society: A Historical Sketch, Federico Merke -- Appendix: Questioning Regional International Societyin Central Asia, Katarzyna Kaczmarska.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to engage with the debate on social exclusion in the e‐society from the human development perspective, which goes beyond inequality in distribution of technological goods and services to emphasise the options, choice and opportunities related to accessing and using information.Design/methodology/approachThis is an interpretivist study. It draws on Sen's capability approach (CA) to conceptualise social exclusion in the e‐society as capability deprivation, both in well‐being and agency freedom. A framework of the core aspects of the CA is used to analyse two empirical studies in South Africa and China which serve to illustrate social exclusion manifested as capability deprivation in different "spaces".FindingsThe paper demonstrates the relational features of social exclusion and different types of capability deprivation in e‐society; highlights "unfavourable inclusion" which can be masked by technological diffusion.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper is an early attempt to apply the capability approach to social studies of information communication technologies in developing countries.Practical implicationsThe paper provides implications for government policies to go beyond technological provision and pay attention to socio‐political, cultural and institutional aspects in ensuring effective utilisation of information and channels of communication, which should serve to enhance people's opportunity to better participate in economic, social and political activities.Originality/valueThe paper is a novel attempt to apply concepts of the CA in information systems, which provides a conceptual lens to address the complexity and multiplicity of social exclusion in the e‐society.

The author of this presentation states that despite the efforts the Communists made to seize power in 1945, the military cadres were not "a silent sea", even though the psychological strain was very great. But over the next three years the resistance of the command corps weakened. Because of abuses and material deprivation there were changes in attitude and mentality, without this meaning that Romanian generals and officers agreed with communist ideas. The technique and scheme of the army's transition to communism were outlined, with the help of many unpublished documents, but it must be stressed that this cynical aggression against the military will bear fruit after the monarchy's ambition.

The aim of the evaluation was to provide a description of the status of PhD education in Norway, following the implementation of the PhD degree in 2003. Moreover, the evaluation was to give an assessment of the performance of the PhD education system in terms of its quality, efficiency and relevance, and provide recommendations to the government and the higher education institutions about how to improve PhD education in Norway. The evaluation is of the overall system of PhD education, and does not seek to evaluate individual higher education institutions or PhD programmes.

Penelitian diarahkan untuk mendeskripsikan penataan manajemen aparatur sipl negara secara terbatas di Indonesia yang lebih difokuskan model prismatic society dengan penekanan pada ciri overlapping antara aturan-aturan formal dan informal yang berelasi secara tumpang tindih dalam manajemen kepegawaian. Metode yang digunakan dengan penelusuran pustaka terhadap sejumlah hasil penelitian yang direlasikan dengan ciri masyarakat transisi dan dikuatkan dengan sejumlah argumen dari para pemikir administrasi. Hasil dari penelusuran pustaka menunjukkan bahwa pola manajemen kepegawaian pada sejumlah aspek tertentu yaitu promosi jabatan yang masih menunjukkan tumpang tindihnya penerapan aturan dengan intervensi patron klien dengan dasar keeratan kekerabatan melalui jalur politis, agama dan suku, dan kehidupan sosial.

Two tropical commodities--coffee and sugar--dominated Latin American export economies in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. When Sugar Ruled: Economy and Society in Northwestern Argentina, Tucumán, 1876-1916 presents a distinctive case that does not quite fit into the pattern of many Latin American sugar economies.

Since the 1970s, various sociological approaches have tried to understand and conceptualize ""the global, "" yet few of them have systematically addressed the full spectrum of social relationships. Prominent exponents of the global approach - such as world systems analysis - instead have focused on particular domains such as politics or the economy. Under the label of ""world society, "" however, some authors have suggested alternatives to the predominant equivocation of society and the nation-state. The contributions to this volume share that objective and take their point of departure from.

Chapter One: Introduction and Overview -- Chapter Two: Understanding Violent Extremism in Indonesia -- Chapter Three: Disengagement, deradicalization and rehabilitation -- Chapter Four: An Initiative of Women in Countering Violent Extremism: The Mothers for Change Program -- Chapter Five: Peace Villages: A Peacebuilding Community Initiative -- Chapter Six: International and Local Actors Collaborations to Prevent Violent Extremism among Youth in Indonesia: Initiatives and Effectiveness -- Chapter Seven: An empowerment program for spouses of convicted terrorists in Indonesia -- Chapter Eight: Gendering CVE in Indonesia: What Have We Learned So Far -- Chapter Nine: Countering Violent Extremism in Indonesia: The Role of Former Terrorists and Civil Society Organisations -- Chapter Ten: The Dynamics of Islamic Mass Organisation in Preventing Violent Extremism -- Chapter Eleven: Online Radicalisation: Overview of P/CVE Social Media Efforts in Indonesia -- Chapter Twelve: Introduction to social enterprise for practitioners in preventing and countering violent extremism -- Chapter Thirteen: Capacity gap analysis of civil society organisations, working against violent extremism in Indonesia -- Chapter Fourteen: The Way Forward -- Chapter Fifteen: Evaluation Guide: How to design impact evaluations of CVE programs: a practical guide for Indonesian civil society organizations.

The role of Civil Society Organisations as preferred partners
in development is strongly emerging across the globe. Among many
reasons, one is reasonably good governance. The social sector has shown
the acumen to learn and apply corporate management practices and
international standards fast enough to start leading the competition.
Notwithstanding the fact that a large part of development funding under
soft loans and grants is channeled to the government, the CSOs receive a
significant share directly and indirectly to implement development
projects in communities. It has opened tremendous opportunities for CSOs
to experiment and evolve new approaches in project management, community
organisation, service delivery, product development, resource
mobilisation and financial management. What makes the civil society
organisations different from the public sector organisations?
Fundamentally two things; these are non-governmental and nonprofit.
However, the real difference is in the way civil society organisations
are managed. It includes leadership, commitment, professionalism,
systems and practices, thrust of work and most of all
performance.