Suchergebnisse

After a decade and a half of war in Iraq and Afghanistan, US policymakers are seeking to provide aid and advice to local governments' counterinsurgency campaigns rather than directly intervening with US forces. This strategy, and US counterinsurgency doctrine in general, fail to recognize that despite a shared aim of defeating an insurgency, the US and its local partner frequently have differing priorities with respect to the conduct of counterinsurgency operations. Without some degree of reform or policy change on the part of the insurgency-plagued government, American support will have a limited impact. Using three detailed case studies - the Hukbalahap Rebellion in the Philippines, Vietnam during the rule of Ngo Dinh Diem, and the Salvadorian Civil War - Ladwig demonstrates that providing significant amounts of aid will not generate sufficient leverage to affect a client's behaviour and policies. Instead, he argues that influence flows from pressure and tight conditions on aid rather than from boundless generosity.

Since the use of poison gas during the First World War and the dropping of atomic bombs on Japan at the end of the Second World War, nuclear, biological or chemical (NBC) weapons have registered high on the fears of governments and individuals alike. Recognising both the particular horror of these weapons, and their potential for inflicting mass death and destruction, much effort has been expended in finding ways to eliminate such weapons on a multi-lateral level. Based on extensive official archives, this book looks at how successive British governments approached the subject of control and disarmament between 1956 and 1975. This period reflects the UK's landmark decision in 1956 to abandon its offensive chemical weapons programme (a decision that was reversed in 1963, but never fully implemented), and ends with the internal travails over the possible use of CR (tear gas) in Northern Ireland. Whilst the issue of nuclear arms control has been much debated, the integration of biological and chemical weapons into the wider disarmament picture is much less well understood, there being no clear statement by the UK authorities for much of the period under review in this book as to whether the country even possessed such weapons or had an active research and development programme. Through a thorough exploration of government records the book addresses fundamental questions relating to the history of NBC weapons programmes, including the military, economic and political pressures that influenced policy; the degree to which the UK was a reluctant or enthusiastic player on the international arms control stage; and the effect of international agreements on Britain's weapons programmes. In exploring these issues, the study provides the first attempt to assess UK NBC arms control policy and practice during the Cold War.

"Lebanon and Israel/Palestine are two political entities that expanded in 1920 and 1967 respectively, and became divided societies characterized by periods of stability and conflict. This book provides the first detailed comparison between the two states and also explores the effects of their expansion on their changing relations. It looks first at how both expanded states attempted to cope with their predicaments, focusing on the relationship between state, community and security, before moving on to analyze the de-stabilizing effects of expansion on Israeli-Lebanese relations. The book draws on previously unpublished official documents, memoirs, media resources and films produced in Lebanon and Israel/Palestine, in addition to existing works on the two states and the Middle East. Bridging the gap between comparative politics and international relations, it will interest students of Lebanon and Israel/Palestine, the Middle East, and conflict and peace."

Eine kleine Sensation anlässlich des 100. Jahrestages der Oktoberrevolution von 1917: die Erstveröffentlichung der farbigen Berichte des Mediziners Heinrich Zeiss aus der jungen Sowjetunion. Wolfgang U. Eckart stellt das abenteuerliche Leben dieses Mannes vor und präsentiert eine kommentierte Auswahl seiner vertraulichen Aufzeichnungen. Zwischen 1921 und 1931 bereiste der deutsche Arzt und Hygieniker Heinrich Zeiss als Expeditionsarzt, Kulturbeobachter und Kundschafter den europäischen und asiatischen Teil der RSFSR und der späteren UdSSR. Seine Aufzeichnungen und Fotografien geben Einblick in die sozialen Zustände, aber auch in die kulturelle und politisch-militärische Lage nach dem Bürgerkrieg. Zeiss interessierte sich bei seinen Reisen unter anderem für die Situation in der Wolgadeutschen Republik und in Kasachstan, forschte über Kamelkrankheiten, engagierte sich für ein Museum lebender Mikroben in Moskau, stand in engem Kontakt mit bolschewistischen Kommissaren und attraktiven Agentinnen. Sein Augenmerk galt aber vor allem den kulturellen Auswirkungen der Sowjetisierung und den Problemen, die sich aus dem Umstand ergaben, dass die Sowjetunion ein Vielvölkerstaat war. Zeiss hat sich dabei immer als Freund Sowjetrusslands verstanden, obgleich er dem Kommunismus sehr distanziert gegenüberstand. Als seine Bewegungsfreiheit im Stalinismus zunehmend schwand, verließ er enttäuscht das Land.

1. Introduction / Geoff Eley, Jennifer Jenkins and Tracie Matysik -- 2. Neither Singular nor Alternative : Narratives of Welfare and Modernity in Germany, 1870-1945 / Young-Sun Hong (State University of New York at Stony Brook, USA) -- 3. What Was German Modernity and When? / Geoff Eley (University of Michigan, USA) -- 4. Alternative Modernities : Imperial Germany through the Lens of Russia / Annemarie Sammartino (Oberlin College, USA) -- 5. Elsewhere in Central Europe : Jewish Literature in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy between "Habsburg Myth" and "Central Europe Effect" / Scott Spector (University of Michigan, USA) -- 6. Communism and Colonialism in the Red and Black Atlantic : Toward a Transnational Narrative of German Modernity / Andrew Zimmerman (George Washington University, USA) -- 7. The Racial Economy of Weltpolitik : Imperialist Expansion, Domestic Reform, and War in Pan-German Ideology, 1894-1918 / Dennis Sweeney (University of Alberta, Canada) -- 8. The Wilhelmine Reform Milieu Reconsidered : The Deutscher Werkbund, the Prussian Commerce Ministry and Germany's Commercial Ambitions / John Maciuika (Baruch College, City University of New York, USA) -- 9. Prevention, Welfare, and Citizenship : The War on Tuberculosis and Infant Mortality in Germany, 1900-1930 / Larry Frohman (State University of New York at Stony Brook, USA) -- 10. Secularism, Subjectivity and Reform : Shifting Variables / Tracie Matysik (University of Texas at Austin, USA) -- 11. War, Citizenship and the Rhetorics of Sexual Crisis : Reflections on States of Exception in Germany, 1914-1920 / Kathleen Canning (University of Michigan, USA) -- 12. Anchoring the Nation in the Democratic Form : Weimar Symbolic Politics Beyond the Failure Paradigm / Manuela Achilles (University of Virginia, USA) -- 13. The Werkbund Exhibition : "The New Age" of 1932 / Jennifer L. Jenkins (University of Toronto, Canada) -- 14. Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakthrough : Emancipation, Sexuality and Female Political Subjectivity / Marti Lybeck (University of Wisconsin La Crosse, USA) -- 15. National Socialism and the Limits of "Modernity" / Mark Roseman (Indiana University, USA)

"The Muslim as a cultural category has come under increasing, most often hostile, scrutiny in Euro-America over the last four decades or so. As a result, the field of Muslim literary studies has emerged to shine a spotlight on the exciting body of literature by authors of Muslim heritage writing back to Islamophobic stereotypes. However, this academic oeuvre too often assumes that this literature is a contemporary, broadly post-9/11 phenomenon. In this important book, Claire Chambers takes a long view of depictions of Britain by writers from Muslim backgrounds. The book's first half focuses on travel and life writing from the eighteenth to the mid twentieth centuries by authors such as Mirza Sheikh I'tesamuddin, Najaf Koolee Meerza, and Atiya Fyzee. In the second half, she trains her critical gaze on the long tradition of fictional representations, from Ahmad Faris al-Shidyaq's Leg Over Leg (1855) to Ahdaf Soueif's Aisha (1983) and Abdulrazak Gurnah's Pilgrims Way (1988). Chambers argues that the Rushdie affair has been more of a turning point on perceptions of and by Muslims in Britain than 9/11. Her next book in this two-part series, Muslim Representations of Britain, 1988-Present, will therefore start with discussion of Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses (1988) and move to examination of the long shadow this text has cast on subsequent Muslim literary representations"--

In contemplating depictions of the crucifixion, observers have generally overlooked an important provocative element: Jesus is put to death as a latro, an outlaw, between two other latros. For this reason, references to latros in the Bible, in Eremite and monastic texts, as well as in later Christian writings are more than a mere literary device. They offer a previously unexplored and underappreciated window into a theology of freedom