Suchergebnisse

Das südliche Afrika ist mit den Konflikten in Kongo, in Rwanda und Burundi u.a. eine Region voller Gewalt. Der Autor untersucht, welche Rolle Südafrika, die SADC und die OAU bisher bei Anstrengungen zur Konfliktbeilegung gespielt haben und künftig spielen könnten. Von wenigen Ausnahmen abgesehen, hat Südafrika bislang darauf verzichtet, sich stärker zu engagieren (etwa mit Friedenstruppen). Südafrika sollte, so der Autor, ein neues regionales Profil entwickeln und sein wachsendes politisches und diplomatisches Gewicht in die Waagschale werfen. Die Entsendung von Truppen sollte allerdings an letzter Stelle stehen. (DÜI-Sbd)

In this discerning book, Monteagle Stearns, a former career diplomat and ambassador, argues that U.S. foreign policymakers do not need a new doctrine, as some commentators have suggested, but rather a new attitude toward international affairs and, most especially, new ways of learning from the Foreign Service. True, the word strangers in his title refers to foreigners. However, it also refers to American foreign policymakers and American diplomats, whose failure to "speak each other's language" deprives American foreign policy of realism and coherence. In a world where regions have become more important than blocs, and ethnic and transnational problems more important than superpower rivalries, American foreign policy must be better informed if it is to be more effective. The insights required will come not from summit meetings or television specials but from the firsthand observations of trained Foreign Service officers.Stearns has not written an apologia for the American Foreign Service, however. Indeed, his criticism of many of its weaknesses is biting. Ranging from a description of Benjamin Franklin's mission to France to an analysis of the Gulf War and its aftermath, he offers a balanced critique of how American diplomacy developed in reaction to European models and how it needs to be changed to satisfy the demands of the twenty-first century. Full of examples drawn from Stearns's extensive experience, Talking to Strangers addresses the problems that arise not only from an overly politicized foreign policy process but also from excessive bureaucratization and lack of leadership in the Foreign Service itself. Anyone interested in our nation's future will benefit from reading Stearns's pull-no-punches analysis of why improving American diplomacy should be a matter of urgent concern to us all

Owing to a strong cultural and historical bond, India and Southeast Asia have progressed rapidly. Though there are political and ideological differences between these two entities, it may not hamper the strong bond as there are many common shared values among these nations. The history of these nations identifies that the cooperation between them in terms of trade and commerce is not upheld per the given potential of these nations. In the past, the Indian economy was linked with Southeast Asian countries under the "Look East" policy, which has been re-energized again under the present government. Now, the "Look East" policy is practically more vibrant than ever before with the motto "Act East." This policy facilitates these countries in emphasizing the importance of better regional connectivity for tourism as well as robust trade and commerce. It leads to a phenomenal growth in terms of imports and exports for these countries. Evaluating Trade and Economic Relations Between India and Southeast Asia sheds light on the trade and economic linkages between India and Southeast Asia and their impact on the nations in the past, present, and for the future. The chapters study whether the win-win strategy works for the strengthening of these countries in terms of both trade relations and political integrity, as well as in facing common enemies across international boundaries. Some of the topics covered include food security, tourism opportunities, trade blocs, trade relations, and economic relations between countries. This book is a valuable reference tool for economists, government officials, policymakers, trade analysts, practitioners, researchers, academicians, and students interested in the policies and relations between India and Southeast Asia that affect trade and the economy.

A key textbook for undergraduate and postgraduate students of contemporary European politics, European Union: Power and policy-making 4th edition offers a comprehensive and accessible analysis of the European Union policy process. Intended to advance understanding of the EU as a now mature and ongoing policy system, this book addresses the central issues relating to the distribution of power and influence in the European Union including: Theoretical perspectives The roles of key institutions in the processing of policy problems Different channels of representation The EU as a policy-making state Written by a distinguished group of international scholars, this new edition will also appeal to the worldwide community of researchers on the EU. New to this edition: New chapters on The Politics of Multispeed Europe, The Distribution of Power Among Institutions, EU Agencies, Covert Integration in the European Union, and Political Representation and Democracy in the EU. New authors and theoretical approaches on many topics such as differentiated integration, opt-outs and multi-speed integration, negotiation and coalition building, the interplay of judicial and legislative policy-making, power distribution, agency behaviour, integration by subterfuge, the democratic deficit fully updated data and content throughout Jeremy Richardson is joined by a co-editor, Professor Sonia Mazey, for the fourth expanded edition of this highly regarded textbook on the EU. Jeremy Richardson is an Emeritus Fellow at Nuffield College, Oxford, UK, and Adjunct Professor at the National Centre for Research on Europe, University of Canterbury, New Zealand. He is also Founder and Co-editor of the Journal of European Public Policy Sonia Mazey is a Professor and Pro-Vice-Chancellor of the College of Business and Law, University of Canterbury, New Zealand and formally a Fellow of.

AIM: Reflect upon the visibility of nursing‐led research during the COVID‐19 pandemic. BACKGROUND: The emerging SARS‐CoV‐2 infection has galvanized collaborative and multidisciplinary efforts in clinical and research practice worldwide. The scarce evidence‐base to manage patients with COVID‐19 has included limited nurse‐led research. INTRODUCTION: Clinical research nurses have greatly contributed to the delivery of COVID‐19 research, yet the number of COVID‐19 nursing‐led research papers appears to be limited, with even fewer nurse‐led research projects funded. METHODS: Authors' views and PubMed search on 'COVID‐19 and nursing'. FINDINGS: There is a dearth of nursing‐led research. Most papers describe the nursing contribution to COVID‐19 care, changes in nursing working arrangements and emotional burden. There are opportunities to explore the consequences to vulnerable population groups of public health measures implemented to stop the progress of the COVID‐19 pandemic. DISCUSSION: Workforce gaps, limited integration in research structures and clinical redeployment may have hampered nurse‐led research. COVID‐19 may exacerbate staffing deficits by disrupting the education pipeline, obstructing the transition from clinical to academic practice, particularly in areas where clinical academic roles are yet to emerge. CONCLUSION: The absence of nurse‐led research in COVID‐19 can be explained by chronic, underlying factors and the features of the pandemic response. Emerging models of care, effective staffing and inequalities related to COVID‐19 appear obvious research areas. Nursing leadership needs to strengthen its political voice and lobbying skills to secure nurse‐led research funding. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING POLICY: Embracing international nursing research, strengthening collaborations and lobbying policymakers for investment in nurse‐sensitive research would enhance the response to COVID‐19.

The education of women has undergone quantitative and qualitative changes for over two hundred years, but the pattern has varied widely across countries. Illiteracy and inequality still affect a huge number of women throughout the world, with access to an education providing freedom and autonomy often encountering difficulties. The roots of this lie in a conception of the status of women within the secular thinking of all civilizations, which the West turned into legislation when regulating national education systems in the nineteenth century. This slowed down the change of mentality and continued to justify the low rate of schooling of girls in countries with lower levels of development. The will of different international organizations to change these dynamics is demonstrated by reports and documents which insist on measures and programs for the education of girls and women. ; L'istruzione delle donne ha subito cambiamenti quantitativi e qualitativi negli ultimi due secoli, ma senza influenzare tutti i paesi. Qui si comincia con l'analfabetismo e la disuguaglianza, di cui soffrono ancora migliaia di donne in tutto il mondo, nell'accesso a una formazione che offra libertà e autonomia. Affonda le sue radici in una concezione dello status femminile all'interno del pensiero secolare di tutte le civiltà, che l'Occidente convertì in legge quando si disciplinarono i sistemi di istruzione nazionali nel XIX secolo. Questa procedura rallentò il cambiamento di mentalità e proseguì giustificando la scarsa scolarizzazione delle bambine nei paesi con i più bassi livelli di sviluppo. La volontà da parte di diverse organizzazioni internazionali di invertire queste dinamiche, é evidenziata nelle relazioni e nei documenti che versano sulle misure e gli aiuti al servizio dell'istruzione per le bambine e le donne.

What explains the variations in refugee status granting among states? How is refugee status determined? The purpose of the study is to analyze if politics affect refugee status granting to asylum-seekers. Despite the political implications revolving around refugee issues, forced migration studies are still a neglected topic in international relations research. However, scholarly works that focus on forced migration often overlook broad political themes, and do not thoroughly examine how politics affect refugee status rates across countries. This dissertation examines state responses to forced migration. It quantitatively investigates the research questions across countries between 2000 and 2013. It argues state interests affect refugee recognition rates. Specifically, it hypothesizes that bilateral relations between states and the domestic politics of the host state affect refugee recognition rates. This study finds rival host states grant refugee status recognition rates greater than non-rival host states. The results also find refugee status rates increase in dyads that are in alliances compared to dyads that are not in similar pacts. It also finds asylum rates decrease as bilateral trade increases. Most of the models show the more democratic a state becomes, the less asylum is granted. However, the results also demonstrate democracies grant asylum slightly more than non-democracies, and autocracies grant asylum less compared to non-autocracies. However, opposite results are found for democracies and autocracies that are not signatories of the 1951 Refugee Convention or the 1967 Protocol. The study also finds minimal support for refugee recognition rates decreasing during years of national, executive elections. While the results did not find support for all hypotheses, this study concludes that on average, political and commercial relations between states affect refugee recognition rates.

Maud D van Zijl,1 Bouchra Koullali,1 Ben WJ Mol,2 Eva Pajkrt,1 Martijn A Oudijk1 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; 2The Robinson Research Institute, School for Reproductive Health and Pediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia Abstract: Preterm birth (PTB), defined as delivery at <37 weeks of gestation, is the most important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Therefore, preventing PTB is one of the main goals in obstetric care. In this review, we provide an overview of the current available literature on screening for risk factors for PTB and a summary of preventive strategies in both low-risk and high-risk women with singleton or multiple gestations. Furthermore, current challenges and future prospects on PTB are discussed. For an optimal prevention of PTB, risk stratification should be based on a combination of (maternal) risk factors, obstetric history, and screening tools. Cervical length measurements can help identify women at risk. Thereafter, preventive strategies such as progesterone, pessaries, and cerclage may help prevent PTB. Effective screening and prevention of PTB vary between the different pregnancy populations. In singleton or multiple pregnancies with a short cervix, without previous PTB, a pessary or progesterone might prevent PTB. In women with a (recurrent) PTB in the past, progesterone and a cerclage may prevent recurrence. The effect of a pessary in these high-risk women is currently being studied. A strong collaboration between doctors, patients' organizations, pharmaceutical companies, and (international) governments is needed to reduce the morbidity and mortality as a result of spontaneous PTB. Keywords: preterm birth, prevention, risk factors, current challenges, future prospectsA Letter to the Editor has been received and published for this article.

Provides a summary of a five‐day workshop held in Istanbul, organized by the International Center for Research on Women. Focuses on the potential for organizing women home‐workers, increasing the visibility of this group and strategies for implementing the International Labour Organisation's convention on Homework in Turkey.

1. Varieties of risk -- 2. Bringing the harm home – applying the concept of social harm to home ownership -- 3. 'Reason is just one letter away from treason' - exploring risk in defence procurement -- 4. Realities of conflict - risk and military decision-makers -- 5. Exploring organisational risk dynamics - insights and challenges to organisational risk management -- 6. Risking money, risking lives - thinking critically about risk, thinking beyond risk.

1 Introduction -- 2 Buddhist Ties in the Himalaya Region: Interactions, Impacts, and Policy Recommendations -- 3 Sino-Indian Security Dilemma in the Himalayan Region and Its Mitigation Methods -- 4 China-South Asia Relations: Indian Perspectives -- 5 China's Growing Engagement in South Asia: Indian Perspectives -- 6 US and Japan's Engagement with South Asia-Chinese Perspectives -- 7 CPEC: A Gateway to Regional Connectivity -- 8 Sri Lanka amid Sino-Indian Himalayan Rivalry -- 9 Bangladesh's Quest for Development and Sino-Indian Contestation -- 10 Nepal Amid Sino-Indian Contestation -- 11 Budding Indo-Myanmar Relations: What It Means to China?.