Suchergebnisse

This study argues that there were four sets of reasons for the Soviet withdrawal from Africa. Two of them arose from lessons that were learnt before Gorbachev came to power in the Soviet Union. First, early in the process of decolonization there was some ambivalence in Moscow about relations with Africa and African socialism as a result of postindependence coups in countries like Ghana and Mali. As the costs of involvement in Africa rose, so did doubts about a Soviet role in Africa. Second, in the 1970s Soviet scholars and policymakers began to reevaluate the economic and political prospects of the poorest LDCs, and their disillusion made them reluctant to offer serious assistance to socialist-oriented States in Africa. The third reason for disengaging from Africa was the 'new political thinking' which recognized the cost to other aspects of Soviet international relations of Soviet policy in the Third World. Finally, 'perestroika', democratization and 'glasnost' in the Soviet Union itself affected policy in Africa. Before examining the four sets of reasons for Moscow's withdrawal from Africa, the author briefly considers how the Soviet Union became involved in the continent in the first place. (Documentatieblad/ASC Leiden)

Feminist & new Left treatments of the politically charged decade of the 1960s not only fail to historicize the discord between the women's liberation movement & the new Left, but also tend to conceal the movements' common themes. Here, a remapping of the women's movement as an integral component of the 1960s is undertaken, & philosophical themes common to the new Left, the women's movement, & the black freedom movement are discussed. Several books on the 1960s are critiqued, including Todd Gitlin's The Sixties: Years of Hope, Days of Rage (New York: Bantam, 1989) & Tom Hayden's (Reunion: A Memoir (New York: Random House, 1988). It is shown that the new Left's dismissal of the women's movement as bourgeois & diversionary resulted primarily from the way that race & class became the exalted categories of 1960s radicalism. Future reconstructions of the decade should focus on locating radicalism within the social & cultural context of the postwar period.

REFORMERS IN THE SOCIALIST COUNTRIES ARE TRYING TO INTRODUCE MARKET PROCESSES IN ORDER TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF THEIR ECONOMIES. IN SO DOING, THEY MUST COME TO GRIPS WITH THE SENSITIVE ISSUE OF OWNERSHIP OF LAND AND CAPITAL ASSETS.

THE CHANCES OF A SUCCESSFUL PALESTINIAN UPRISING ARE IMPROVING. THE BRUTAL ATTEMPTS AT SUPPRESSING IT HAVE AROUSED MANY PEOPLE TO QUESTION WHAT HAS REALLY BEEN HAPPENING IN THE MIDEAST. VOICES IN THE JEWISH AND PALESTINIAN COMMUNITIES IN THE USA ARE ARTICULATING THE NEED FOR A TWO-STATE SOLUTION AS THE ROAD TO PEACE. SOCIALISTS AND ANTI-IMPERIALISTS MUST BECOME INVOLVED IN EDUCATING PEOPLE AND MOBILIZING SUPPORT FOR AN AMERICAN POLICY FAVORING A REALISTIC TWO-STATE SOLUTION.