Suchergebnisse

V magistrski nalogi smo raziskali uvajanje managementa kakovosti v visokem šolstvu, analizirali smo pristope ter modele zunanjih evalvacij v državah Evropske unije in drugih razvitih državah sveta ter podali splošne podatke o evalvacijah v visokem šolstvu. Raziskali smo procese evalvacij v visokem šolstvu in stanje v Sloveniji. S primerjavo z državami članicami Evropske unije in širše, kjer izvajajo zunanje evalvacije neodvisne institucije (agencije), smo potrdili tezo, da v Sloveniji sistem kakovosti v visokem šolstvu še ni primerljiv z evropskimi modeli. Analizirali smo postopke managementa kakovosti v slovenskem visokošolskem prostoru, kjer že dobro desetletje univerze in njihove članice redno opravljajo samoevalvacije, od leta 2006 pa nacionalni evalvacijski organ izvaja tudi zunanje institucionalne evalvacije. Prikazan je izvirni model notranjih institucionalnih evalvacij na Univerzi v Mariboru. Model je potrjen z raziskavo, ki temelji na praktičnih primerih, ki so podkrepljeni z ustrezno teorijo in izkušnjami iz primerov dobre prakse. Opisani so posamezni segmenti (pričetek evalvacijskega postopka, zahtevana dokumentacija visokoškolskega zavoda, obisk evalvacijske komisije, poročilo o notranji evalvaciji …) kot prispevek k izboljšanju in razvoju managementa kakovosti na Univerzi v Mariboru. Prikazana so spoznanja in rezultati na praktičnem primeru pilotnega projekta notranje institucionalne evalvacije. Podana je utemeljetev vpeljave notranjih institucionalnih evalvacij na Univerzi v Mariboru, ki se bo izjemno pozitivno izkazala ob neodvisni zunanji institucionalni evalvaciji posameznega visokošolskega zavoda. V okviru raziskave smo opravili še anketo med ciljno skupino zaposlenih na Univerzi v Mariboru, ki so doslej že sodelovali pri zunanjih evalvacijah. Rezultati bodo pripomogli k izboljšanju nadaljnjega načrtovanja in izvajanja dejavnosti v okviru notranjih institucionalnih evalvacij na Univerzi v Mariboru. V raziskavi smo potrdili zastavljeno delovno predpostavko, da se bodo s pomočjo modela notranjih institucionalnih evalvacij izboljšali procesi managementa kakovosti članic Univerze v Mariboru. Zato izsledki magistrske naloge predstavljajo pomemben prispevek k izboljševanju stanja kakovosti na članicah Univerze v Mariboru, še posebej na posameznih področjih managementa kakovosti ter celovitega sistema managementa kakovosti. ; This master's thesis examines the introduction of quality management in higher education, analyses different external evaluation models of EU Member States and other developed countries and provides general data on evaluations in higher education. In this paper, evaluation processes in higher education and the situation in Slovenia are examined. By comparing Slovenia with other EU Member States, as well as a few other countries, where external evaluations are conducted by independent institutions (agencies), the conclusion is drawn that quality assurance in Slovene higher education is still lagging behind other European models. We analyzed quality management in Slovenia, where for over a decade universities and their members have been performing regular self-evaluations. In addition, a national evaluation body is conducting external institutional evaluations since 2006. An original model of internal institutional evaluation at the University of Maribor is introduced. It is backed up by research based on practical examples as well as relevant theory and examples of good practice. Particular elements (initiation of the evaluation process, required documentation, visit of the evaluation committee, internal evaluation report, etc.) are described in order to contribute to the improvement and development of quality management at the University of Maribor. Findings and results of a practical pilot project are presented. In addition, reasons for introducing internal institutional evaluations at the university are given, one of them being that such evaluations will prove extremely useful when conducting independent external institutional evaluations of university members. A survey was conducted among the target group consisting of university staff that has already participated in external evaluations. Survey results will contribute to the improved planning and implementation of activities in the context of internal institutional evaluations at the University of Maribor. Our assumption that quality management will improve with the help of the introduced internal evaluation model was correct. For this reason, the findings of this thesis represent a valuable contribution to quality assurance at the University of Maribor and its members, especially in certain areas of quality management and in terms of a comprehensive system of quality management.

This study presents the spatial and temporal components that have led to the organization of a post pioneer front located in the oriental part of the Brazilian Amazon region [pre-Amazônia maranhense, Imperatriz]. In order to understand the settlement process of this region, we first outline a cartographic analysis of the life event and migratory movements of the first generation, who had come to the region massively in the 1960ies; second, we compare the latter with the actual circulation strategies of the younger generations. The evolution of land tenure, which is inherent to the consolidation of a settlement front, has taken place continuously by a series of direct interventions by the Federal Government, first privileging individual regularization in order to restore social peace [Getat]; then collective land use aiming at the preservation of the environment [protected areas]. In this work, we reconstruct the different steps of the land property regulation chain, in order to identify the conditions under which small farmers could become "property owners" and to show how this process ultimately led to the delimitation of the Ciriaco extractive reserve, which constitutes our main case study, . This operation leads to the question of the modernization of the extractive economy and to the capacity of rural populations to take over in trading and to develop economic circuits. If the transformation of the babassu nut [Orbignya spp.] seems to be bound to become extinct, the activity however still holds a strong collective identity, embodied in a social movement which has been emblematic of the transformations of rural politico-associative entities. They are adopting a more reflexive position, and gaining more autonomy, contributing to structure the different rural communities of the settlement front. This regional dynamics must be completed by current issues of the pig-iron sector, a pioneer activity which had a heavy impact on the region around Imperatriz but has also contributed to give it an [inter]national importance since the 1980ies. Today, in order to ensure the sustainability of its activities, the pig-iron sector is compelled to spread out a real spatial system articulated around a forest of planted eucalyptus and its transformation into charcoal and then pig-iron ingot. ; Cette étude présente les composantes spatio-temporelles ayant structuré une région d'arrière-front pionnier de la frange orientale de l'Amazonie brésilienne [pré-Amazonie maranhense, Imperatriz]. Afin de saisir les conditions d'organisation du peuplement, nous cartographions les trajectoires migratoires de la première génération ayant afflué massivement dans les années soixante, que nous comparons aux actuelles stratégies de circulation des jeunes générations. L'évolution foncière, inhérente à la consolidation d'un front pionnier, s'est singularisée par diverses interventions directes de l'Etat fédéral, privilégiant tour à tour la régularisation individuelle pour rétablir la paix sociale [Getat] puis l'usufruit collectif des terres pour préserver l'environnement [aires protégées]. Nous avons reconstitué les étapes de la chaîne foncière, montrant dans quelles conditions des petits agriculteurs ont pu accéder durablement à la propriété jusqu'à l'implantation d'une réserve extractiviste, Ciriaco, cas d'étude central de ce travail. Cette opération amène la question de la modernisation des produits de l'extractivisme et de la capacité des populations rurales à s'insérer dans les circuits commerciaux. La transformation de la noix de babaçu [Orbignya spp.], activité en désuétude, exprime pourtant une identité collective forte, qui s'incarne dans un mouvement social emblématique des transformations du milieu politico-associatif rural, qui entre dans une démarche réflexive et acquiert plus d'autonomie, concourant à structurer les communautés rurales en zone de front pionnier. Cette dynamique régionale se complète par les problématiques actuelles du secteur sidérurgique, activité pionnière de fort impact, mais dont l'implantation dans les années quatre-vingts a donné une envergure nationale à la région d'Imperatriz. Aujourd'hui, pour assurer la « durabilité » de ses activités, le secteur est contraint de déployer un véritable système spatial articulé autour d'une forêt plantée d'eucalyptus, de sa transformation en charbon végétal aboutissant aux lingots de fer-gueuse.

This study presents the spatial and temporal components that have led to the organization of a post pioneer front located in the oriental part of the Brazilian Amazon region (pre-Amazônia maranhense, Imperatriz). In order to understand the settlement process of this region, we first outline a cartographic analysis of the life event and migratory movements of the first generation, who had come to the region massively in the 1960ies; second, we compare the latter with the actual circulation strategies of the younger generations. The evolution of land tenure, which is inherent to the consolidation of a settlement front, has taken place continuously by a series of direct interventions by the Federal Government, first privileging individual regularization in order to restore social peace (Getat); then collective land use aiming at the preservation of the environment (protected areas). In this work, we reconstruct the different steps of the land property regulation chain, in order to identify the conditions under which small farmers could become "property owners" and to show how this process ultimately led to the delimitation of the Ciriaco extractive reserve, which constitutes our main case study, . This operation leads to the question of the modernization of the extractive economy and to the capacity of rural populations to take over in trading and to develop economic circuits. If the transformation of the babassu nut (Orbignya spp.) seems to be bound to become extinct, the activity however still holds a strong collective identity, embodied in a social movement which has been emblematic of the transformations of rural politico-associative entities. They are adopting a more reflexive position, and gaining more autonomy, contributing to structure the different rural communities of the settlement front. This regional dynamics must be completed by current issues of the pig-iron sector, a pioneer activity which had a heavy impact on the region around Imperatriz but has also contributed to give it an (inter)national importance since the 1980ies. Today, in order to ensure the sustainability of its activities, the pig-iron sector is compelled to spread out a real spatial system articulated around a forest of planted eucalyptus and its transformation into charcoal and then pig-iron ingot. ; Cette étude présente les composantes spatio-temporelles ayant structuré une région d'arrière-front pionnier de la frange orientale de l'Amazonie brésilienne (pré-Amazonie maranhense, Imperatriz). Afin de saisir les conditions d'organisation du peuplement, nous cartographions les trajectoires migratoires de la première génération ayant afflué massivement dans les années soixante, que nous comparons aux actuelles stratégies de circulation des jeunes générations. L'évolution foncière, inhérente à la consolidation d'un front pionnier, s'est singularisée par diverses interventions directes de l'Etat fédéral, privilégiant tour à tour la régularisation individuelle pour rétablir la paix sociale (Getat) puis l'usufruit collectif des terres pour préserver l'environnement (aires protégées). Nous avons reconstitué les étapes de la chaîne foncière, montrant dans quelles conditions des petits agriculteurs ont pu accéder durablement à la propriété jusqu'à l'implantation d'une réserve extractiviste, Ciriaco, cas d'étude central de ce travail. Cette opération amène la question de la modernisation des produits de l'extractivisme et de la capacité des populations rurales à s'insérer dans les circuits commerciaux. La transformation de la noix de babaçu (Orbignya spp.), activité en désuétude, exprime pourtant une identité collective forte, qui s'incarne dans un mouvement social emblématique des transformations du milieu politico-associatif rural, qui entre dans une démarche réflexive et acquiert plus d'autonomie, concourant à structurer les communautés rurales en zone de front pionnier. Cette dynamique régionale se complète par les problématiques actuelles du secteur sidérurgique, activité pionnière de fort impact, mais dont l'implantation dans les années quatre-vingts a donné une envergure nationale à la région d'Imperatriz. Aujourd'hui, pour assurer la « durabilité » de ses activités, le secteur est contraint de déployer un véritable système spatial articulé autour d'une forêt plantée d'eucalyptus, de sa transformation en charbon végétal aboutissant aux lingots de fer-gueuse.

Artículos en revistas ; En la regulación de los procesos de nulidad matrimonial, el legislador canónico muestra una constante preocupación por intentar conjugar la siempre necesaria seguridad jurídica con el logro de la mayor rapidez posible en la resolución de los juicios. La celeridad procesal siempre que no entre en conflicto con derechos fundamentales como el ius defensionis es un derecho de los fieles y un requisito exigible en la administración de justicia eclesial. Ello exige una reflexión doctrinal sobre la adecuación de la ley procesal vigente y, en su caso, la reforma por el legislador de aquellas normas susceptibles de provocar un retraso injustificado en la tramitación de las causas de nulidad. Desde esta perspectiva, la autora propone algunas modificaciones puntuales de normas codiciales y de la Dignitas Connubii que ayudarían a potenciar la celeridad procesal, sin modificar la configuración básica del sistema procesal canónico vigente. Entre estas propuestas de iure condendo, se encuentra la supresión de las limitaciones legales al nombramiento de jueces laicos; la reafirmación del carácter parcial del defensor del vínculo, sin convertirlo en asesor del juez; la necesidad de garantizar el derecho de la parte a que su abogado esté presente en la instrucción y conozca las actas antes de la publicación; la derogación de los artículos de la Dignitas Connubii que reservan al Colegio de Jueces la resolución de los recursos contra decisiones del juez; la reducción del plazo para presentar reconvención, equiparándolo al de contestación a la demanda; la afirmación del carácter excepcional de los exhortos y la fijación legal de un plazo máximo para su devolución; relativizar la necesidad de la pericia en las causas por el c.1095, cuando ésta sólo pueda ser realizada super actis; derogar el art.245,1 de la Dignitas Connubii (obligación del abogado de presentar escrito de alegaciones); permitir la utilización del proceso brevior tras cualquier sentencia declarativa de la nulidad, sea de primera o de segunda instancia; limitar la quaestio de iure appellandi; suprimir la posibilidad de apelación contra el decreto de no admisión de la nueva propositio; etc. ; In the regulation concerning matrimonial nullity process, the Canonical legislator shows a constant concern for legal certainty as well as for speed in solving trials. Procedural celerity as long as it does not goes against fundamental rights, such as ius defensionis is a right of the faithful and a requisite for the administration of ecclesial justice. This fact demands a doctrinal reflection on how adequate is actual procedural law, and if the case arises, the reform of those regulations which may cause non justified delays in nullity causes. In this sense, the author suggests a number of changes in the CCL and Dignitas Connubii that may help to increase procedural celerity without changing the basis of the vigens procedural canonical system. Among this proposals de iure condendo, it could be mentioned the suppression of legal limitations to lay judges; reaffirmation of the Defender of the Bond as a party and not as an assessor of the judge; the need to guarantee the right of the party to have his/her lawyer present during the instruction of the cause and to have access to the acts before publication; derogation of the articles of Dignitas Connubii that reserves to a collegiate tribunal the resolution of recourses against the decisions of the judge; reduction of the time for reconvention, making it equal to the time given for the joinder of the issue (contestatio litis), affirmation of the exceptional character of rogatory commission, fixing a maximum legal time for devolution; considering the need for peritia in the causes of c. 1095 when it could only be done super actis; derogation of art.245.1 of Dignitas Connubii; allowance to use proceso brevior after any sentence declaring nullity, being in first or second instance; to limit the quaestio de iure appellandi; etc. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Trabajo Final para obtener el grado de Especialista en Desarrollo Rural, de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, en 2009 ; La principal actividad agropecuaria del Departamento Magallanes ubicado dentro del área ecológica denominada Meseta Central Santacruceña, es la ovinaextensiva, siendo la lana la producción más importante por su participación en los ingresos de los establecimientos ganaderos. El objetivo general del presente trabajo procura aportar, a partir de un diagnóstico, conocimiento que permita generar propuestas adecuadas para el área. La realización de un análisis integral, permite un mejor conocimiento de la situación real del área en estudio y de los problemas a solucionar o aliviar con la ejecución de futuros programas y proyectos. Pasaron más de 100 años de la introducción del ovino a la zona, con una fuerte cultura ovina, la presencia de problemas políticos, sociales, productivos, ambientales, económicos, tres de ellos centrales y relacionados entre si, como lo son: falta de políticas adecuadas, falta de rentabilidad y desertificación, con sus causas y efectos, condujeron a una situación de crisis del sistema productivo en general. La metodología de recolección de información se basó en cuestionarios y entrevistas a informantes clave, además de conversaciones y visitas a establecimientos, incluida la revisión documental y bibliográfica general y relativa al área. Se realizó un análisis de costos de una explotación modal del departamento, el cual fue consensuado con diferentes productores. Como resultado, se valora como prioritario fortalecer el accionar social, político e institucional de los ámbitos locales y en especial de sus protagonistas, impulsando procesos permanentes de organización, participación, concientización y capacitación de los involucrados. Las características de la zona dificultan la aplicación de metodologías y procedimientos generales. Los roles a asumir por los actores relacionados con el sector, serán fundamentales. Con el consenso y los aportes de todos, se deberán diseñar e implementar políticas adecuadas y específicas, necesarias para el desarrollo del área. ; The principal agricultural activity of Magallanes Department located into the ecological area called Meseta Central Santacruceña , is the extensive sheep, and is the whool the most important production because of its participation in the cattle breaders'incomes. The general aim of this work tries to contribute, from a diagnostic , the knowledge that allows to generate adequate purposes for this area. The fulfilment of an integral analysis, makes possible a better knowledge of the real situation of the area in survey and about the problems to solve or lighten with the performance of future Programs and Projects. More than a hundred years passed since the sheeps had been introduced to the zone, with a strong ovine culture, the bearing of political , social , productives , environmental and economical problems, three of them central and with relation among , such as lack of adequate politics, absence or profitability and deserted land, with its causes and effects, they drove to a critical situation of the productive system in general. The methodology of collecting information is based in questionnaires and interviews to very concious interested people, in addition with conversations and visits to a sheep farmings, including the doccumentary review and general bibliography relative to the subject under survey. An analysis of costs of the modal explotation of the department has been achieved which has been approved with different producers. As a result , we estimate as priority to fortify the social , political and institutional work of the local field and specially of the main protagonists, impelling permanent proccess of organisation, participation, making conciousness, and capacitating the involved people. The characteristics of the zone make difficult the use of general methodologies and procedures. The roles to perform for the actors involved with this sector will be fundamental. With the approval and the contribution of everybody , will be designed and applied specific and right politics , that are needed for the development of the area. ; EEA Santa Cruz ; Fil: Alvarez, Roberto Horacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz. Agencia de Extensión Rural Puerto San Julián; Argentina

This article lays out, in general terms, what it calls the political camp of Afro-descendents in Latin America. After establishing a series of theoretical and methodological criteria for the historical analysis of black movements in modernity and the Afro-American movements in particular, the article focuses on the emergence of afro-descendant movements in Latin America during the last part of the 1980s. One of the principal arguments is that in the 1990s a political camp of afro-descendents starts to emerge in the region of Latin America based on a series of developments, including the emergence of new social movements that included ethno-racial movements of Afros and indigenous people, events of regional importance like the contra-celebration of 1492 in 1992, the World Conference against Racism 2001 in Durban, South Africa, and the effects of the neoliberal pattern of globalization. The political camp of Afro-descendents is composed not only of social movements, but also of state actors and transnational actors (such as the World Bank and the Ford Foundation). The article concludes with an analysis of the challenges and perspectives of Afro-American politics in general and of Afro-Latin movements in particular considering the current crisis of the modern/colonial world-system. ; Este artículo elabora, a rasgos generales, una cartografía de lo que denomina como el campo político afrodescendiente en América Latina. Luego de establecer una serie de criterios teóricos, metodológicos para el análisis histórico de los movimientos negros en la modernidad y de los movimientos afroamericanos en particular, el artículo se enfoca en la emergencia de movimientos de afrodescendientes en América Latina hacia el final de la década de 1980. Uno de los argumentos principales es que en los 1990s comienza a surgir un campo político afrodescendiente en la región de América Latina con base en una serie de desarrollos incluyendo la emergencia de nuevos movimientos sociales que incluyeron movimientos étnico-raciales de afros e indígenas, eventos de envergadura regional como la contra-celebración del 1492 en el 1992 y la Conferencia Mundial contra el Racismo del 2001 en Durban, Sudáfrica, y los efectos del patrón neoliberal de globalización. El campo político afrodescendiente está compuesto no solo por movimientos sociales sino también por actores estatales y actores transnacionales (como el Banco Mundial y la Fundación Ford). El artículo concluye con un análisis de los desafíos y perspectivas para la política afroamericana en general y para los movimientos Afro-Latinos en particular en vista de la crisis actual del sistema-mundo moderno/colonial. ; Este artigo elabora, em traços gerais, uma cartografia do que se denomina de campo político afrodescendente na América Latina. Após estabelecer uma série de critérios teóricos e metodológicos para a análise histórica dos movimentos negros na modernidade, e dos movimentos afro-americanos em particular, o artigo focaliza-se no surgimento dos movimentos afro-americanos na América Latina no final de 1980. Um dos argumentos principais é a origem de um campo político afrodescendente na América Latina na década de 1990, baseado em uma série de desenvolvimentos dentre os quais se encontram: a emergência de novos movimentos sociais, incluindo movimentos étnico-raciais de afros e indígenas; eventos de espectro regional como a contracomemoração de 1492, em 1992; a Conferência Mundial contra o Racismo de 2001, em Durban, África do Sul; e os efeitos do padrão neoliberal de globalização. O campo político afrodescendente está composto não somente por movimentos sociais, mas também por atores estatais e transnacionais (como o Banco Mundial e a Fundação Ford). O artigo conclui-se com uma análise dos desafios e perspectivas para a política afro-americana, em geral, e para os movimentos afro-latinos em particular, levando em consideração a crise atual do sistema-mundo moderno/colonial

The increase in the importance of blogs as a means of information and communication no longer needs to be demonstrated. Every day dozens of skyblogs are created, weekly chronicles on the radio are devoted to them, not to mention books, television programmes and press articles, both online and off. This rapidly spreading enthusiasm for this communicational tool of multiple uses has aroused the interests of players from different spheres (public, political, marketing, and institutional, etc.). Both an editorial and communicational system, the blog, through its ease of use and implementation, has imposed itself as an ideal medium for personal narrative, for the dissemination of "anthentic", "free" speech. ln this way, the production of personal texts online on blogs introduces, through the double effect of narration and advertising, uses and social practices that we are going to explore throughout this research work. A complex object, the blog is not just an onIine diary, but is made up of posts, links, comments, mies, etc. Likewise, it cannot be summed up as a form of communicational dialogue or the dissemination of information, but as a hybrid of technical systems that format interaction. Therefore, the fust section will analyse the construction process of the blog category as a communicational object in the public space on the Internet, with, to start with, a circumlocution of the notion of diary (logbook, private, online). The second section questions the development conditions, in an exploratory fashion, of a context favouring the exploitation ofblogs. Finally, the last section attempts, to set the limits of this environment favouring the use of authentic speech through the efficiency of identity strategies of the individual facing himself and others in an innovative collective space. From authentic speech 10 speech that is socially aware: the conclusion queries the conditions of a performative space in which the collective statement rnakes it possible to give concrete expression to actions in the real world ; La montée en puissance des blogs comme moyen d'information et de communication n'est plus à démontrer, chaque jour des dizaines de skyblogs se créent, des chroniques hebdomadaires à la radio leur sont consacrées, sans parler des livres, des émissions télévisuelles ou des articles de presse en ligne ou pas. Cet engouement rapide pour cet outil communicationnel à usages multiples suscite bien des intérêts de la part d'acteurs provenant de sphères différentes (publique, politique, marchande, institutionnelle.). Double dispositif éditorial et communicationnel, le blog de par sa facilité d'utilisation et de mise en œuvre s'est imposé comme un support idéal du récit personnel, de la diffusion d'une parole «authentique», «libérée». Ainsi, la production d'écritures personnelles en ligne sur les blogs instaure par le double effet de la narration et de la publicité, des usages et des pratiques sociales que nous allons explorer tout an long de ce travail de recherche. Objet complexe, le blog n'est pas qu'un journal en ligne mais un complexe fait de billets, de liens, de commentaires, de règIes,.de même que ce blog ne se résume pas à un échange communicationnel ou à une diffusion d'information, mais qu'il est fait d'un hybride de dispositifs techniques qui formatent l'interaction. Ainsi, la première partie analyse le processus de construction de la catégorie blog comme objet communicationnel dans l'espace public sur Internet avec comme point de départ une circonscription de la notion de journal (de bord, intime, en ligne), notre deuxième partie questionnera, dans une approche de type exploratoire, les conditions de développement d'un contexte propice à l'instrumentalisation des blogs, enfin notre dernière partie tente quant à elle de poser les limites de ce milieu favorable à J'exploitation de la parole authentique par l'efficience des stratégies identitaires de l'individu face à lui-même et aux autres dans un espace collectif innovant. De la parole authentique à la parole citoyenne : la conclusion interroge les conditions d'un espace performatif ou l'énonciation collective permet une concrétisation des actions dans le monde réel

The long-term impacts to water quality from the use of sodium chloride (rock salt) anti-icer and sand abrasive was evaluated at two high elevation lakes along a highway in the Adirondack Park, New York State. Upper Cascade and Lower Cascade Lakes are two hydrologically connected water bodies in the Adirondack Park of New York State. The lakes are bordered by NYS Route 73, the primary transportation route for visitors to the tourist center of Lake Placid. The Cascade Lakes lie within a long, narrow, high elevation gorge that is notorious for some of the worst winter weather in the New York State highway system. The lakes themselves are a popular recreational destination and contain the largest population of a fish that is officially listed as endangered in New York State (round whitefish, Prosopium cylindraceum). There has been widespread concern from both governmental agencies and the general public about the impact of winter road management in this area, provoked by an apparent dieback of paper birch along the roadside and evidence of rising chloride levels in the lakes. We have been funded by the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) to assess the impacts to soil, vegetation, lake water quality, and lake biota at the Cascade Lakes caused by use of deicing road salt (mainly sodium chloride) and sand abrasive. We also modeled future changes to lake water quality, resulting from current management practices and alternatives. Chloride levels within soils adjacent to State Highway 73 are generally low, indicating that chloride is rapidly trans¬ported away via surface and ground water flow. Upper and Lower Cascade Lakes now have chloride levels 100 to 150 times higher than expected for a comparable Adirondack Lake. Within the last five years, there has been a 250% increase in chloride concentrations within the Cascade Lakes, which has been caused by the recent dramatic increase in road salt applications. The concentration of chloride in Chapel Pond is slightly elevated, about twice as high as the average for Adirondack A strong concentration gradient of chloride occurs in Upper and Lower Cascade Lakes, with as much as a 57% difference in concentration between surface water (epilimnion) and bottom water (hypolimnion). Although the chloride concentrations and magnitude of the concentration gradients are within the range that results in a permanent stratification on some lakes (meromixis), Upper and Lower Cascade Lakes remain dimictic (i.e. complete turnover occurs twice a year, caused by thermal mixing). Lower Cascade Lake turns-over earlier than Upper Cascade Lake, indicating that there is little resistance to thermal mixing at present in this more heavily chloride-contaminated lake. Twenty years of data on watershed loadings of sand and road salt at the Cascade Lakes indicate that lake chloride levels closely match loadings. Upper Cascade Lake contains 80,000 - 130,000 kg chloride, and Lower Cascade Lake contains 50,000 - 75,000 kg chloride. Seasonal changes in chloride concentrations in the lakes appear to be gradual, peaking in summer, suggesting that there is no shock elevation of concentrations associated with seasonal events (e.g. snow melt), and that sizeable input into the lakes are via groundwater discharge. Based on the mass balance model of chloride transport through the Cascade Lakes, simulated over a period of 20 years, chloride concentrations are predicted to rise over the next five years in the Cascade Lakes, with the biggest increases in the Lower Cascade hypolimnion (a 40% increase). Under present salt loadings, peak chloride concentrations in the Lower Cascade Lake hypolimnion are predicted to approach the USEPA recommended maximum limits for chronic exposure to aquatic life. Lower Cascade Lake also remains at risk of becoming meromictic. Doubling the annual salt loading will double the lakes concentrations of chloride, halving the salt loading will halve the concentration of chloride in each lake (as was empirically observed in the early 1990s). Changes in salt loadings result in a new equilibrium concentration of chloride within about seven years.

Tsetse-transmitted animal trypanosomiasis is a complex disease that directly and indirectly has an impact on Africa's crop and livestock agriculture. Over the past decade awareness of this fact has generated a drive and political will towards solving the problem at the continental scale. In this paper the authors use state-of-the-art spatial tools to study how, for West Africa, the variety of agro-ecological settings may have an impact on decision support towards that goal. First, the authors describe an approach towards selecting priority areas for area-wide tsetse and trypanosomiasis (T&T) control, based on the mapping of: dominant livestock systems with particular emphasis on the integration of livestock and crop agriculture towards mixed farming practices; tsetse ecology bands linked to the geoclimatic settings prevailing in West Africa - a northern dry band with fragmented tsetse populations and a southern humid band where tsetse are widespread. Priority areas are identified in the northern band of the tsetse belt where: tsetse populations are fragmented (and therefore vulnerable) or confined only to suitable vegetation along main river courses; fly reinvasion risk is minimal due to land pressure and adverse climatic conditions for tsetse; mixed farming predominates and an improved integration of crop and livestock agriculture may yield the highest benefits. Second, three case studies are discussed: the Togo national study (FAO project GCP-TOG-013-BEL), and two studies in Burkina Faso - the Sideradougou pastoral area (Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement [CIRAD] - Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l'Élevage en Zone Subhumide [CIRDES]) project) and the Mouhoun river basin (FAO project GCP-RAF-347-BEL). These three studies aimed at developing decision-support tools for the planning and implementation of integrated T&T control, based on holistic data sets on the spatial epidemiology of T&T (vectors, pathogens, hosts) and the impact of T&T on people, their environment and their livestock production systems. The studies are complementary, and therefore highly relevant to this paper, with regard to: the geoclimatic settings covered - in Togo a transect through humid to semi-humid West Africa, and in Burkina Faso from semi-humid to dry; the scale at which the studies were conducted - in Togo at the national level, and in Burkina Faso on the Mouhoun river at the river-basin level, and in the Sideradougou pastoral area at the village level. It is clear from the results of the case studies that any decision support towards T&T management in West Africa must consider the fact that the epidemiology of tsetse-transmitted trypanosomiasis varies with varying climatic settings and land-use patterns. Therefore, the sustainable management of this major threat to animal health will have to be systematic, stepwise and pragmatic. Based on the experience gained in Togo and Burkina Faso a list of the data inputs needed to achieve such a high level of integration is given in Figure 15 (page 45).It is concluded that an integrated T&T management approach relies on the quality of an extensive list of field data (vector, pathogen, host, livestock system, agro-ecological setting) and the detailed knowledge of geo-epidemiological patterns. We must remain cautious when making choices and avoid being lured into choosing overly simple solutions for complex problems. Although in West Africa elimination of the fly and the disease may be achievable in the drier parts at the northern limits of the tsetse belt, several crucial assumptions remain to be validated through field research. These include investigations on fly fragmentation, population isolation and fly dispersion (e.g. Mouhoun model).In the more humid parts, the most viable option remains an integrated approach combining: vector suppression in epidemiological hot spots (e.g. Sideradougou model), and disease management at the herd level through the strategic use of trypanocides and/or genetic improvement of local trypanotolerant breeds (e.g. Togo model).

The Annual Register (Edmund Burke ?) : on the Decadence and the Renaissance of Poland in the 18th Century.
In the 18th century, the current events in Poland had been extensively reviewed in the London Annual Register, which described «into one connected narrative» the most important happenings in different countries of the world. It was initiated in 1758 by Edmund Burke who edited it singlehanded for some years, and then, until his death, «inspired and directed its composition» through his closest friends. For contemporary readers it was a reference book on the immediate past, and for the historians an uninterrupted record of events by writers who reflected the outlook of the time.
Burke's apprehension of Poland has proved remarkably accurate; as with India and America, he thoroughly acquainted himself with the historical, political, social, and religious circumstances affecting that country and he clearly studied them for a number of years before he wrote on that subject at length. In the 1760s the chapters on Poland had been rather critical. Poland was presented as a country where the idea of liberty had been carried to the extreme and most injustly distributed, and this led to the anarchy and civil wars, encouraged and provoked by Poland's rapacious neighbours. Before the first partition in 1772, the Annual Register repeatedly affirmed that in Poland the life for individuals had become unbearable, and that they would prefer anything — even a foreign yoke — to the calamities to which they were everyday subject. Subsequently however, the partition was qualified by the Annual Register as a most horrible international crime and «the first great breach in the modern political system of Europe».
After having stated in 1769 that «only a miracle» could save Poland, and in 1774 that she was «irretrievably ruined as a state», for nearly two decades the Annual Register stopped writing about that unhappy country. During those years, Burke had made a great political carrier and became world famous as the author of the Reflections on the French Revolution. Out of the three nearly simultaneous revolutions in America, France and Poland, Burke hated the second but admired the third which was, in fact, a practical application of his theory of the state as an organical developing body. In his Appeal of the New Whig to the Old Ones he prized highly the Polish May Constitution of 1791, but his position as a practical politician became rather difficult. When, in 1793, during the debates in the House of Commons, his years-long friend, Charles Fox, suggested that England should assist Poland instead of making war with France, Burke opposed categorically.
After prolonged silence, extensive reviews of the events in Poland appeared in the Annual Registers for 1791 and 1795. According to general rule, they were anonymous, but revealed the author's proficiency in Polish affairs and contained some little known details. Unlike the writings of the 1760's, they were not critical, but rather flatterous for Poland, her inhabitants and their monarch. They concluded by general «Reflections» and deplored an event so common in history, as the triumph of the wrong over the right.
Who was their author, undoubtedly expressing the opinions of Burke? The Anglo- Saxon scholars, who still labourously study the life and writings of Edmund Burke, confess «that no Burke scholar has yet worked out to his and anyone else's satisfaction the full truth about Burke's involvement with the Annual Register to around 1795»; they consider, however, it «unwise to assume that Burke was responsible for all the writings on Poland up to a date as late as 1795», and are not sure whether «any single sentence was Burke's.» Such an extreme prudence is worthy of admiration. However, several clues show that Edmund Burke wrote, or edited, or inspired, the Polish chapters in the Annual Registers not only in the 1760's but also in the 1790's, and this hypothesis will prevail as long as it will not be positively proved that some other person than Burke was their author.

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la normativa institucional y la dinámica política de la provincia de Tucumán (Argentina) durante la década de 1870, en el marco de las tensiones derivadas de la conformación del Estado argentino. El artículo está centrado en el análisis de las prácticas electorales de los clubes y comités de la provincia de Tucumán y sus relaciones "hacia abajo" con los sectores populares, lo que no implica desconocer el rol central que desempeñó el Estado provincial y nacional, no sólo como productor de la normativa electoral, sino también como actor que participaba activamente en las elecciones. Otro aspecto del trabajo explora el funcionamiento de los clubes y comités y sus relaciones con los sectores populares, que generalmente se verificaron de arriba hacia abajo, a través de intermediarios (capataces, jueces y comisarios de campaña), en una relación que la historiografía política ha calificado como pasiva y cuyo principal propósito era mejorar la eficacia de las redes clientelares construidas. Estos aspectos nos permiten apreciar cómo en 1870 la incorporación de la dirigencia de la provincia de Tucumán a un orden político nacional permitió configurar una dinámica de estabilidad institucional, fundada en el respeto de las normas constitucionales que constituyeron la fuente principal de legitimidad del sistema. ; The objective of this study is to analyze the institutional normativity and political dynamics of the province of Tucumán (Argentina) during the decade of 1870, in the context of the tensions derived from the conformation of the Argentine State. This study in the field of political history is centered in the analysis of the electoral practices of clubs and committees in the province of Tucumán and their "condescending" relations with working class sectors; without ignoring the central role achieved by the provincial and national State as producer of electoral normativity, as well as a principal actor in the elections. Another aspect of the work involves exploring the functioning of the clubs and committees and their relation with working class sectors, which were generally verified from a "top to bottom" perspective, through intermediaries (overseers, judges and campaign managers) in a relationship that political historiography has identified as passive, and whose principal goal was improving the efficacy of previously constructed networks of patronage. These elements allow an appreciation of the way in which in 1870, the incoporation of the leadership of the province of Tucuman into the national political order allowed for the configuration of a dynamic of institutional stability, founded on respect for constitutional norms that constituted the system´s main source of legitimacy. ; L'objectif de cet article est d'analyser les normes et les processus politiques de la province de Tucumán (Argentine) pendant la décennie 1870, dans le cadre des tensions découlant de la conformation de l'État argentin. L'article est axé sur l'analyse des pratiques électorales des clubs et des comités de la province de Tucumán, ainsi que sur les relations que ceux-ci entretenaient avec les secteurs populaires, ce qui n'implique pas la méconnaissance du rôle central qui a joué l'État provincial et national, non seulement comme producteur des règlements électoraux, mais aussi comme acteur dynamique des élections. Un autre aspect du travail consiste à explorer le fonctionnement des clubs et des comités et leurs relations avec les secteurs populaires à travers des intermédiaires (contremaîtres, juges et commissaires de campagne), dans une relation qualifié par l'historiographie politique comme passive et dont le principal objectif était d'améliorer l'efficacité des réseaux clientélaires. Ces aspects nous permettent d'apprécier comment l'intégration des dirigeants de la province de Tucumán à l'ordre politique national en 1870, a permis un équilibre institutionnel, fondé sur le respect des normes constitutionnelles qui constituaient la principale source de légitimité du système. ; Fil: Bravo, Maria Celia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales; Argentina

"Today, a cryptocurrency is being born that can take on Superman," said Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro, referring to the United States, and surrounded by cryptocurrency mining rigs.Cryptocurrencies, once dismissed as a digital curiosity, have transcended their humble beginnings to become an important pillar of financial technology innovation . This transition is more than an economic shift; cryptocurrencies have emerged as tools to empower individuals with new financial freedoms and transparency, challenging traditional power structures, and offering a new vision for a free and fair global economy .In developed countries, cryptocurrencies are used to invest, conduct financial transactions, and hold an individual's assets . However, in developing countries, particularly in Latin America, they provide larger benefits, including opportunity for complete financial autonomy, enhanced privacy, and the ability to manage one's own financial resources without third party interference . Through cryptocurrency, users have the tools to bypass weak institutions, which have little public trust, amidst devaluation and inflation . Cryptocurrencies allow people to control their own finances as transactions cannot be undone or tampered with by a third party, and the value of cryptocurrency remains unchanged by government actions that can lead to inflation or volatile interest rates .However, the same benefits that cryptocurrencies have for the Venezuelan population are used by their oppressors to operate discreetly . The fundamental openness and liberty of cryptocurrencies emboldened the autocratic government of Venezuela, led by OFAC-sanctioned Nicolás Maduro, who is notorious for corruption and human rights violations . The government has used cryptocurrencies to bypass US sanctions, and to construct money laundering schemes to legitimize its capital .Between 2018 and 2023, Venezuela introduced the petro, a government-backed digital currency, with ambitions to leverage the global interest in cryptocurrency to create a national currency suitable for modern international commerce . The experiment failed: in 2023, following the March 2023 arrest of dozens of people in Venezuela's cryptocurrency oversight body, SUNACRIP (Superintendencia Nacional de Criptoactivos y Actividades Conexas), over charges of corruption, the government stopped trading the petro, called for a nationwide stoppage to cryptocurrency mining, and shuttered the doors of its licensed cryptocurrency exchanges .1 The massive corruption scandal that has since unraveled showcases how the petro project was used to drain billions of dollars in oil revenue out of Caracas . This document explores the intricacies of this period, and assesses how the Maduro government skillfully hijacked the cryptocurrency wave for its own gain, deepening entrenched issues of corruption and exploitation while neglecting the possible advantages for the Venezuelan people .This dichotomy shows the two sides of cryptocurrency in one national experience . On one side, the Venezuelan government, which was an early adopter of a nationally issued digital currency, primarily utilized cryptocurrency with the intent of further exploiting its citizens . For years, the regime cynically pushed for the adoption of tokens and platforms that would be used to steal from its own populace . In contrast, the crumbling economy created a grassroots demand for a stable alternative to the traditional financial system . Venezuelan citizens capitalized on cryptocurrency's innovations: its peer-to-peer payments gave people more freedom and the autonomy of cryptocurrency provided a financial safety net .Regrettably, the autocratic and corrupt actions of the government have wasted the immense potential that cryptocurrency held for Venezuela . Instead of harnessing this innovative financial technology for the nation's benefit, billions in value have been siphoned off by kleptocratic officials while ordinary Venezuelans struggle to make ends meet . Despite the government's heavy-handed attempts to regulate and control cryptocurrencies, this new financial technology endures and plays a role throughout the country, demonstrating resilience and adaptability . Venezuela has become a clear example of the advantages and benefits as well as the risks and drawbacks inherent in the use of cryptocurrencies .The use of cryptocurrencies, as an almost redundant metaphor, has two clear sides: like a coin .

Download the Publication [Spanish]"Today, a cryptocurrency is being born that can take on Superman," said Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro, referring to the United States, and surrounded by cryptocurrency mining rigs.Cryptocurrencies, once dismissed as a digital curiosity, have transcended their humble beginnings to become an important pillar of financial technology innovation . This transition is more than an economic shift; cryptocurrencies have emerged as tools to empower individuals with new financial freedoms and transparency, challenging traditional power structures, and offering a new vision for a free and fair global economy .In developed countries, cryptocurrencies are used to invest, conduct financial transactions, and hold an individual's assets . However, in developing countries, particularly in Latin America, they provide larger benefits, including opportunity for complete financial autonomy, enhanced privacy, and the ability to manage one's own financial resources without third party interference . Through cryptocurrency, users have the tools to bypass weak institutions, which have little public trust, amidst devaluation and inflation . Cryptocurrencies allow people to control their own finances as transactions cannot be undone or tampered with by a third party, and the value of cryptocurrency remains unchanged by government actions that can lead to inflation or volatile interest rates .However, the same benefits that cryptocurrencies have for the Venezuelan population are used by their oppressors to operate discreetly . The fundamental openness and liberty of cryptocurrencies emboldened the autocratic government of Venezuela, led by OFAC-sanctioned Nicolás Maduro, who is notorious for corruption and human rights violations . The government has used cryptocurrencies to bypass US sanctions, and to construct money laundering schemes to legitimize its capital .Between 2018 and 2023, Venezuela introduced the petro, a government-backed digital currency, with ambitions to leverage the global interest in cryptocurrency to create a national currency suitable for modern international commerce . The experiment failed: in 2023, following the March 2023 arrest of dozens of people in Venezuela's cryptocurrency oversight body, SUNACRIP (Superintendencia Nacional de Criptoactivos y Actividades Conexas), over charges of corruption, the government stopped trading the petro, called for a nationwide stoppage to cryptocurrency mining, and shuttered the doors of its licensed cryptocurrency exchanges .1 The massive corruption scandal that has since unraveled showcases how the petro project was used to drain billions of dollars in oil revenue out of Caracas . This document explores the intricacies of this period, and assesses how the Maduro government skillfully hijacked the cryptocurrency wave for its own gain, deepening entrenched issues of corruption and exploitation while neglecting the possible advantages for the Venezuelan people .This dichotomy shows the two sides of cryptocurrency in one national experience . On one side, the Venezuelan government, which was an early adopter of a nationally issued digital currency, primarily utilized cryptocurrency with the intent of further exploiting its citizens . For years, the regime cynically pushed for the adoption of tokens and platforms that would be used to steal from its own populace . In contrast, the crumbling economy created a grassroots demand for a stable alternative to the traditional financial system . Venezuelan citizens capitalized on cryptocurrency's innovations: its peer-to-peer payments gave people more freedom and the autonomy of cryptocurrency provided a financial safety net .Regrettably, the autocratic and corrupt actions of the government have wasted the immense potential that cryptocurrency held for Venezuela . Instead of harnessing this innovative financial technology for the nation's benefit, billions in value have been siphoned off by kleptocratic officials while ordinary Venezuelans struggle to make ends meet . Despite the government's heavy-handed attempts to regulate and control cryptocurrencies, this new financial technology endures and plays a role throughout the country, demonstrating resilience and adaptability . Venezuela has become a clear example of the advantages and benefits as well as the risks and drawbacks inherent in the use of cryptocurrencies .The use of cryptocurrencies, as an almost redundant metaphor, has two clear sides: like a coin .

India's rural BPO guru Pradeep Nevatia joins with New York-based hedge fund investor Rahul Nevatia to present the until-now abstract concept of abundance through an innovative managing by ethics (MBE) frame-work that uncompromisingly connects individual self to collective self inself-sustained abundance beyond the hocus-pocus of scarcity. As against the card-carrying management by objectives (MBO) acquirement, the pioneering MBE paradigm sets human--nature co-existence as the basis to realize abundance, the source energy of all beings. The ethics--abundance theme of this book could not be timelier for businesses to reconstruct their growth strategies for a sustainable future following the coronavirus pandemic. The industrial and financial engineering duo has leveraged their respective business turnaround and foot-on-the-gas-pedal backgrounds to thoroughly revamp the contemporary policy--goal deployment methodologies and make determined amendments to reconfigure several management processes in vogue to deliver sustainable business results in a meaningfully restructured leadership--fellowship relationship dynamic replacing the scarcity-driven everyday mill with natural rhythms of abundance

Анализируются актуальные вопросы взаимодействия между Конституционным Судом Российской Федерации и Президентом РФ, Федеральным Собранием РФ, Правительством РФ, Верховным Судом РФ в рамках системы разделения властей, а также предлагаются меры, способствующие совершенствованию регулирования форм сотрудничества Конституционного Суда с органами государственной власти РФ, учитывая особенности его конституционно-правового статуса. Особое внимание уделяется расширению таких перспективных направлений взаимодействия Конституционного Суда РФ, как экс-пертно-консультационная деятельность, содействие в развитии законотворчества и конституционализации судебной правоприменительной практики. ; This article discusses the topical problem of cooperation in the separation of powers between the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the President of the Russian Federation, the Federation Council of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Court. The author suggests improving the regulation of cooperation of the Constitutional Court and the head of the state, the legislative, executive and judicial branches taking into consideration its status. On the basis of the constitutional legislation and law enforcement practice the author concludes that the leading role in cooperation of the President of the Russian Federation and the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation belongs to the head of the state, who influences the composition of the Constitutional Court and the appointment of its heads, assignment of additional social guarantees of judicial independence, execution of rendered judgments. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation has an opposite influence on the activities of the President of the Russian Federation in the execution of expert advisory, constituent, statutory and regulatory functions giving expert opinions over complicated constitutional matters, certification of the act of oath of the newly elected head of the state, participation in the procedure of impeachment of the President of the Russian Federation, judgments of other categories, referring the competence of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. Analyzing relations between the Constitutional Court and the Federation Council of the Russian Federation, it can be noted that it can actively assist in the elaboration of the legislative activities of the Russian parliament by means of realization of the right to legislative initiative, submission of messages and summarized judicial practice, legal background of its judgments and positions which contain suggestions and recommendations necessary for the consideration of new laws. The Federation Council can also influence the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in a similar way, when it takes part in the appointment and juration of judges, early termination of their powers and holding joint representative, scientific and international meetings. Considering the features of the relations of the Constitutional Court and the Government of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to note the circumstantial character of these relations. It is worked out in the participation in trials, carrying out legal monitoring and exchange of information over the status of rendered judgments of the Constitutional Court in law enforcement practice, which are legal grounds for improving the law-making of the federal executive authorities. The form of relations between the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation is described separately. It assumes making suggestions on personal staff of judges of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation to the President of the Russian Federation. Besides, cooperation of the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court implies a wide participation of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in hearing cases during constitutional justice administration by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. Other aspects of this cooperation are rendering acts on the official explanation of issues of the order of the Constitutional Court judgment execution by the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, which have a decisive meaning for general jurisdiction and arbitral jurisdiction courts. A prospective direction of the cooperation of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation is the obligation to invite the Chairman of the Constitutional Court and its representatives to the sessions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court over the issues of explanation of the order of application of laws according to the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. The author supports the suggestion over the reasonability of creation of a special legal expert or a State Council of Justice as a coordinating and consulting authority from heads of superior judicial institutions to carry out a single judicial policy in the judicial system of the Russian Federation.