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part Part I Early Developments in Social Control Theory -- chapter 1 Albert J. Reiss Jr (1951), 'Delinquency as the Failure of Personal and Social Controls', American Sociological Review, 16, pp. 196-207 -- chapter 2 Jackson Toby (1957), 'Social Disorganization and Stake in Conformity: Complementary Factors in the Predatory Behavior of Hoodlums', Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science, 48, pp. 12-17 -- chapter 3 Gresham M. Sykes and David Matza (1957), 'Techniques of Neutralization: A Theory of Delinquency',American Sociological Review, 22, pp. 664-70 -- chapter 4 Walter C. Reckless (1961), 'A New Theory of Delinquency and Crime', Federal Probation, 25, pp. 42-6 -- chapter 5 Scott Briar and Irving Piliavin (1965), 'Delinquency, Situational Inducements, and Commitments to Conformity', Social Problems, 13, pp. 35-45 -- part Part II Sources of Social Control -- chapter 6 Joseph H. Rankin and Roger Kern (1994), 'Parental Attachments and Delinquency', Criminology, 32, pp. 495-515 -- chapter 7 L. Edward Wells and Joseph H. Rankin (1989), 'Direct Parental Controls and Delinquency', Criminology, 26, pp. 263-85 -- chapter 8 Håkan Stattin and Margaret Kerr (2000), 'Parental Monitoring: A Reinterpretation', Child Development, 71, pp. 1072-85 -- chapter 9 Mark Warr (1993), 'Parents, Peers and Delinquency', Social Forces, 72, pp. 247-64 -- chapter 10 Allison Ann Payne (2008), 'A Multilevel Analysis of the Relationships among Communal School Organization, Student Bonding, and Delinquency', Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 45, pp. 429-55 -- part Part III Self-Control Theory -- chapter 11 Travis C. Pratt and Francis T. Cullen (2000), 'The Empirical Status of Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theory of Crime: A Meta-Analysis', Criminology, 38, pp. 931-64 -- chapter 12 Alexander T. Vazsonyi, Lloyd E. Pickering, Marianne Junger and Dick Hessing (2001), 'An Empirical Test of a General Theory of Crime: A Four-Nation Comparative Study of Self-Control and the Prediction of Deviance', Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 38, pp. 91-131 -- chapter 13 Harold G. Grasmick, Charles R. Tittle, Robert J. Bursik, Jr and Bruce J. Arneklev (1993), 'Testing the Core Empirical Implications of Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theory of Crime', Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 30, pp. 5-29 -- chapter 14 Kevin M. Beaver, John Paul Wright and Matt Delisi (2007), 'Self-control as an Executive Function: Reformulating Gottfredson and Hirschi's Parental Socialization Thesis', Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34, pp. 1345-61 -- chapter 15 Callie Harbin Burt, Ronald L. Simons and Leslie G. Simons (2006), 'A Longitudinal Test of the Effects of Parenting and the Stability of Self-Control: Negative Evidence for the General Theory of Crime', Criminology, 44, pp. 353-96 -- chapter 16 Gilbert Geis (2000), 'On the Absence of Self-Control as the Basis for a General Theory of Crime: A Critique', Theoretical Criminology, 4, pp. 35-53 -- chapter 17 Travis Hirschi and Michael R. Gottfredson (2000), 'In Defense of Self-Control', Theoretical Criminology, 4, pp. 55-69 -- part Part IV Theory Integration -- chapter 18 Travis Hirschi and Michael Gottfredson (1990), 'Substantive Positivism and the Idea of Crime', Rationality and Society, 2, pp. 412-28 -- chapter 19 Terence P. Thornberry (1987), 'Toward an Interactional Theory of Delinquency', Criminology, 25, pp. 863-91 -- chapter 20 Douglas Longshore, Eunice Chang, Shih-chao Hsieh and Nena Messina (2004), 'Self-Control and Social Bonds: A Combined Control Perspective on Deviance', Crime and Delinquency, 50, pp. 542-64 -- chapter 21 Robert J. Sampson and John H. Laub (1990), 'Crime and Deviance over the Life Course: The Salience of Adult Social Bonds', American Sociological Review, 55, pp. 609-27 -- chapter 22 Daniel S. Nagin and Raymond Paternoster (1993), 'Enduring Individual Differences and Rational Choice Theories of Crime', Law and Society Review, 27, pp. 467-96 -- chapter 23 John Hagan, A.R. Gillis and John Simpson (1985), 'The Class Structure of Gender and Delinquency: Toward a Power-Control Theory of Common Delinquent Behavior', American Journal of Sociology, 90, pp. 1151-78.

"Often hailed as the "first freedom," free speech is the bedrock of democracy, the enemy of tyranny, and the gateway to enlightenment. Research reveals a strong correlation between freedom of speech and democracy, innovation, and advancements in human rights, as well as reductions in conflict, corruption, and discrimination. But for all its benefits, free speech remains a challenging, controversial, and often counterintuitive principle, easily subject to erosion in times of social and political upheaval. And today, in democracies and authoritarian states around the world, freedom of speech is now on the retreat. In Free Speech, Jacob Mchangama traces the long, contested history of a powerful idea, beginning with its origins in the intellectual ferment of classical Athens, where it enabled the development of the world's first democracy. Through captivating stories of defenders of free speech throughout history, from the eighth century 'Abbāsid caliph Abū Ja'far al-Manṣūr to the anti-lynching crusader Ida B. Wells, Mchangama reveals how the free exchange of knowledge and ideas underlies all scientific and literary achievement, and how it has enabled the advancement of civil rights across the globe. Indeed, he argues, freedom of speech has far more often served the cause of the oppressed than the cause of the oppressors. Yet the temptation to restrict speech, too, is a historical constant, and Mchangama explores how elite entrenchment and anxiety about new technologies can lead even the most dedicated defenders of liberty down this dangerous path. Meticulously researched and deeply humane, Free Speech demonstrates just how much humanity has gained from this essential principle - and just how much we stand to lose if we allow it to erode".--

FRE: Pauvreté, Pauvreté monétaire, Familles pauvres.

The paper highlights the socio-economic aspects of the concept ofhijraor migration in the Islamic tradition. The paper argues that the conception of migration in the Islamic tradition has been shaped by not only religious and ethical values, but also social and economic motivations and consequences ever since the first migrations to Abyssinia and Medina. The paper addresses the notion and practice ofhijrain Islamic history by highlighting its ethical and religious value as well as its nature and evolution into a socio-economic activity motivated by different forms of oppression, including social and political oppression as well as economic deprivation. The study draws on the history of Islam and the Islamic society, the sources of Islamic law and doctrines, and the thought of scholars in relation to the changes in approaches to migration, and the conceptualization ofhijraas an activity motivated by oppression and economic hardship.

The economic consequence of the crisis has raised new challenges and objectives of the construction sector. Changes in international and local market conditions for construction, construction cost and the decrease promotes analysis of the situation and look for ways to effectively operate in this sector. Worldwide, various construction and real estate sector strategy for dealing with the crisis, the authorities apply the new performance incentive and control systems. The successful construction of a crisis management strategy should be aligned with country-specific economic, political, legal, technological, institutional, social, cultural, ethical and other environmental factors. Article in Lithuanian. Statybos sektoriaus krizės analizės aspektai Santrauka.Ekonominės krizės padariniai statybos sektoriui iškėlė naujus uždavinius ir tikslus. Pasikeitusios tarptautinės ir vietinės statybos rinkos sąlygos, statybos kainų bei apimčių mažėjimas skatina analizuoti susidariusią padėtį bei ieškoti būdų, kad šis sektorius efektyviai funkcionuotų. Pasaulyje taikomos įvairios statybos ir nekilnojamojo turto sektorių krizės įveikimo strategijos, valdžios institucijos taiko naujas produktyvumo skatinimo ir valdymo sistemas. Sėkmingos statybos krizės valdymo strategijos turi būti suderintos su konkrečios šalies ekonominiais, politiniais, teisiniais, technologiniais, instituciniais, socialiniais, kultūriniais, etiniais bei kitais aplinkos veiksniais. Raktiniai žodžiai: statybos sektorius, krizė, strategija, valdymas, modelis.

The article considers aspects of Public Relations in the structure of corporate social responsibility. Now in the world practice it is an integral part of the world business. It is shown that according to many experts, they are closely related and in large companies most workflows focus on PR with CSR. All the participants of business process have been involved in solving of this problem. And the nowadays concept of corporate social responsibility is the contemporary answer to it. The main communication between a company and the society is carried out through PR, so these employees are engaged in the process more than others. Thus, public relations became one of the main instruments in CSR interaction. Thanks to the creative field of PR, most of the classic tools, activities can be implemented in countless options in practice. The concept of corporate social responsibility is revealed, which includes: work with partners, social aspects of interaction with suppliers and customers, ensuring the safety of staff, environmental responsibility, policy and use of natural resources, interaction with authorities, government agencies and public organizations to address general social problems. The article focuses on the fact that the organization, as a cyclically developing system, cannot completely avoid crises throughout its existence. That is why it is so important to timely predict and forecast the crisis, to correctly determine its causes and possible mechanisms for resolving or mitigating the crisis itself. The aim of the work was to show that the role of corporate social responsibility in different crises is varied. Corporate social responsibility is one of the few ways out of the crisis. The concept of corporate social responsibility radically changes the role of corporations in the economy. Business is seen not only as a major catalyst for economic growth, but also as an institution that is actively involved in maintaining social stability in society. ; У статті розглядаються аспекти паблік рилейшенз у структурі корпоративної соціальної відповідальності. Зараз у світовій практиці це є невід'ємною частиною світового бізнесу. Доведено, що на думку багатьох фахівців, вони тісно пов'язані і в великих компаніях більшість робочих процесів зосереджуються на ПР з КСВ. Завдяки творчій сфері піар більшість видів активності можуть бути реалізовані у чисельних варіантах на практиці. Розкрите поняття корпоративної соціальної відповідальності, яке включає в себе: роботу з партнерами, соціальні аспекти взаємодії з постачальниками і покупцями, безпеку персоналу на робочому місці, екологічну відповідальність, політику і використання природних ресурсів, взаємодію з органами влади, державними структурами і громадськими організаціями для рішення загальних соціальних проблем. У статті приділено увагу тому, що організація як система, що циклічно розвивається, не може повністю уникнути криз протягом усього свого існування. Тому так важливо своєчасно передбачити й прогнозувати кризу, правильно визначати її причини та можливі механізми вирішення або пом'якшення самої кризи. Метою роботи було показати, що роль корпоративної соціальної відповідальності в умовах різних криз не є однаковою. Корпоративна соціальна відповідальність – це один з небагатьох шляхів виходу з кризи. Концепція соціальної відповідальності бізнесу докорінно змінює роль корпорацій в економіці. Бізнес розглядається не тільки як основний каталізатор економічного зростання, але також в якості інституту, який бере активну участь у підтримці соціальної стабільності в суспільстві.

"In this new age of social media, the role of online ethnic networks is as important as offline ethnic networks--families, friends, etc.--in helping immigrants adjust to their new country. This is something that has received very little attention in the academic field of international immigration which Oh hopes to rectify through this book. He focuses on the five American social institutions (immigration, welfare, education, housing, and finance) to explore this topic through the lens of married Korean-American women. In their online 'MissyUSA' community, the largest Korean-American women's online community in North America, they share a wide range of information about the rules of each of these social institutions as they work together to navigate American society. Oh explores how the 'MissyUSA' community creates two distinctive forms of social capital: social resources and social support. For some of its members (inquirers or information seekers), the 'MissyUSA' community functions as an important source of their information (social resources) about the rules of the American social institutions. Likewise, it also functions as a network of social supporters (respondents or information providers) for those information seekers. Here, what makes this book a significant one is the fact that these social supporters are distinctively identified as instrumental guiders (information describers, expositors, confirmers, and advisors) and emotional supporters (companions, encouragers, and critics). By researching the lives of Korean-American women who are members of the 'MissyUSA' community, Oh's book works to understand how a sub-set of the Korean-American community shares information about American institutions and uses the internet to do so"--Provided by publisher

This book discussing in detail the Social Life Cycle Assessment (SLCA) of the global economy using the comprehensive Multi-Regional Input-Output (MRIO) technique. The content is presented in two parts, the first of which offers an introduction to social accounting and how it has been developed over the past few years with details on the methodologies and databases used. The second part of the book describes the footprints of the social accounts that have the highest impact on people's well-being (employment, income, working conditions, and inequality) and how they are linked to international trade. The need for reporting on such indicators falls within the purview of corporate/national social responsibility (part of the Triple Bottom Line). The book offers a valuable contribution to the literature for researchers and students engaged in the social sciences, human rights, and the implications of international trade on labour in developing countries.iv>.