Suchergebnisse

In December 1995 by signing General Framework Agreement for Peace, Bosnia and Herzegovina got a new constitution by which country got a new internal organizational structure: it is divided into two entities: Federation B&H (FB&H) and Republic of Srpska (RS). The Collective Head of State is now the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is composed of three members: Bosniak & Croat (both chosen from the territory of The Federation of BiH) and Serb member (chosen from the territory of Republika Srpska). The upper house of the Parliamentary Assembly is The House of Peoples of BiH which gathers 15 delegates: 5 Bosniaks, 5 Croats ( chosen by Parliament of Federation of BiH) and 5 Serbs ( chosen by Parliament of Republika Srpska). Prima facie are obvious the discriminations of all those who do not declare themselves as Bosniaks, Serbs or Croats, as well as the discrimination of these ethnic groups based on the entity they live in. This assertion was confirmed by the European Court of Human Rights in the case of Sejdic and Finci vs. B&H, Azra Zornic v B&H, B&H & Ilijaz Pilav vs. B&H. In the judgment of the case of Azra Zornic vs. B&H, the European Court highlighted their expectations from Bosnia and Herzegovina to establish a democratic constitutional arrangement without discrimination based on ethnicity. With this statement The Court unequivocally asked for modifications in the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina. ; peer-reviewed

Interpreting the treaty in its historical context I : the Treaty of Rome -- Interpreting the treaty in its historical context II : the 1992 project -- The internal market law provisions and the case law developed on its basis -- A purposive interpretation of the treaty: the pursuit of the union's diverse socio-economic objectives, and economics as contested knowledge -- Monetary union, the measures enacted since 2008 and the "European macroeconomic constitution" -- Conclusion

A consequence of similar institutional conditions of domestic labor markets in Europe is the permanent occurrence of the "labor hoarding" phenomenon, which entails non-immediate adaptation of employment to production changes. The article verifies whether the phenomenon of labor hoarding occurs in the European Union countries and what is its level and the direction of changes between 1996 and 2016. The empirical study of employment adjustments to the production volume showed that in the examined period the phenomenon of labor hoarding occurred in all countries of the European Union (excluding Spain). Labor hoarding was accomplished through a slight adjustment of the number of employees to production changes. At the same time, it was noticed that the companies were more flexible with adjusting the number of hours worked. This was particularly evident during global crises and was the consequence of other vital changes in national economies.

A consequence of similar institutional conditions of domestic labor markets in Europe is the permanent occurrence of the "labor hoarding" phenomenon, which entails non-immediate adaptation of employment to production changes. The article verifies whether the phenomenon of labor hoarding occurs in the European Union countries and what is its level and the direction of changes between 1996 and 2016. The empirical study of employment adjustments to the production volume showed that in the examined period the phenomenon of labor hoarding occurred in all countries of the European Union (excluding Spain). Labor hoarding was accomplished through a slight adjustment of the number of employees to production changes. At the same time, it was noticed that the companies were more flexible with adjusting the number of hours worked. This was particularly evident during global crises and was the consequence of other vital changes in national economies.

We compare the convergence with German monetary policy of the monetary policy of transitioneconomy candidates for EU membership, of non-transition candidates and of countries that have recently joined the EU. We find significant long- and short-run linkages between German base money stock and that of the most recent members of the EU; the same holds true for the nontransition economy candidates. Among the transition economies, the ability to follow the policies of the Bundesbank is weaker or, for some countries, nonexistent. Such weak policy coordination may reflect the need for building up the financial sectors of these countries and allowing for a period in which they tie their policies more closely to that of the ECB.

1. Introduction to the empirical and institutional dimensions of smart specialisation / Philip McCann, Frank van Oort and John Goddard -- 2. The intellectual and practical bases of the application of RIS3 within EU cohesion policy / Philip McCann and Raquel Ortega-Argiles -- 3. Regional diversification and smart specialization policy / Ron Boschma -- 4. Local industry structure as a resource-base for entrepreneurship : implications for smart specialization strategies -- 5. Regional innovation and the network structure of university-industry links / Robert Huggins and Daniel Prokop -- 6. Good growth, bad growth : a wake-up call of smart specialisation / Mark Thissen, Frank Van Oort and Olga Ivanova -- 7. New measures of regional competitiveness in a globalizing world / Bart Los, Maureen Lankhuizen and Mark Thissen -- 8. The co-evolution of regional innovation domains and institutional arrangements : smart specialisation through quadruple helix relations? / Paul Vallance -- 9. Smart specialisation and local economic development in Eastern Europe / Teodora Dogaru, Frank Van Oort and Nicola Cortinovis -- 10. From plan to process : exploring the human element in smart specialisation governance / Mari Jose Aranguren, Mikel Navarro and James R. Wilson -- 11. Entrepreneurship, networks and recombinant open innovation : lessons for regional policy / Robert Huggins.

Using a sample of so-called popular and 'quality' European newspapers and their TV listings as a stepping stone, Media, Markets & Public Spheres presents an overview of changes in the European public spheres over the last fifty years as well as in-depth analyses of structural changes in press and broadcasting, changing relations between media, changes in media policies and media history as record of cultural change. With a rare comparative perspective, both across nation states and across decades of European history, this book explores how and why the media decisively influence most social areas, from the socialization of children to the workings of the economy. Compiled by a team of leading media researchers from ten countries, Media, Markets & Public Spheres will be useful to students in media and communication studies, and European studies, as well as for those studying sociology and political science

One of the most dynamic areas of recent EU law has been cooperation in the fields of policing and criminal justice. This book enables readers to understand the changes that have taken place by examining how and why they occurred, along with the subsequent outcomes.

Defence date: 25 March 2002 ; Examining Board: Prof. Silvana Sciarra, European University Institute (supervisor); Prof. Bruno De Witte, European University Institute; Prof. Csilla Kollonay Lehoczky, Central European University, Budapest; Prof. Manfred Weiss, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt ; First made available online on 11 April 2018 ; The conceptualisation of the social dimension of the European Community, and Union, has proven to be a complex challenge. Beyond the central elements such as free movement of workers, equal treatment, workplace health and safety, the boundaries are uncertain. The situation is further complicated by the fact that though most issues of labour law and social policy primarily fall within the responsibility of the Member States, there has always been a common vision of a European social model based on mutually accepted values and principles. Having this vision in mind, distilled from the rhetoric of the Treaties and from political commitments, the research was based on a learning process. This process opened up a critical approach towards the initial assumption which described European integration around a social model per se founded on solidarity and welfare. By juxtaposing various opinions and explanations, both from the side of Community institutions and scholars, a more articulated view was acquired on the value choices and reasons which fundamentally influenced the development o f Community labour law and social policies. The most appropriate method seemed to be the historical reconstruction of the evolution of those institutions, processes and motivations which form the core elements of the European social dimension. A project to analyse the whole area would have been too ambitious: the research focuses on those aspects which then led to the new Title on employment in the Amsterdam Treaty. This method might be considered as a descriptive one, but it proved to be a useful way to understand and to make visible how Community reasoning and value choices have changed and new issues have emerged throughout the Community's history.

The scientific article is devoted to the videoconferencing in court proceedings by international law and the law of some European Union countries. The videoconferencing definition, the right to justice protection on the main international legal sources about the trial regulation and human rights to justice protection bases are studied, the procedural stages of court hearings by videoconference are analyzed. Carrying out comparative legal research at our country present stage legal transformation and development, especially related to the emergence of new, modern legal relations, is primarily due to the need to receive international and foreign experience and, consequently, improve current national legislation. It has been established, that the latest technologies introduction in the judicial process at the national and international levels has both advantages and disadvantages and is closely related to the protection and implementation of the right to justice. Normative legal acts about the right to justice consolidation are primary regarding the right of participants in court proceedings to participate in it by videoconference. The attractive side of conducting court hearings online includes: the availability of litigation for all participants, regardless of their location, saving time and money, compliance with legal requirements for the duration of litigation, and so on. Despite the general legal consolidation of the possibility of holding videoconferences in Ukraine and the EU, the procedural features of the rights and obligations of participants in such proceedings remain unclear, as well as unspecified issues regarding the application of different types of technical equipment depending on the conditions of video calls, the possibility of holding meetings outside the court in emergency conditions, etc.

Introduction: on Europe's crises and self-constitutions -- The European Constitution and the pouvoir constituent : no longer, or never, sui generis? / Chris Thornhill -- The concept of self-limiting polity in EU constitutionalism : a systems theoretical outline / Jiérâi Péribâaén -- A political-sociological analysis of constitutional pluralism in Europe / Paul Blokker -- Pluralist constitutional paradoxes and cosmopolitan Europe / Joxerramon Bengoetxea -- The pluralist turn and its political discontents / Marco Goldoni -- Why supra-national law is not the exception : on the grounds of legal obligations beyond the state / George Pavlakos -- Declaratory rule of law : self-constitution through unenforceable promises / Dimitry Kochenov -- Constitutionalising expertise in the EU : anchoring knowledge in democracy / Stijn Smismans -- Bringing politics into European integration : the unvoiced issues of market-making / Gareth Davies -- A technocratic tyranny of certainty : a preliminary sketch / Michelle Everson -- The European dual state : the double structural transformation of the public sphere and the need for repoliticization / Hauke Brunkhorst -- Societal conditions of self-constitution : the experience of the European periphery / Pierre Guibentif -- The empire of principle / Petr Agha

Country Risk (CR) is a relevant instrument to analyze and understand economic performances and relationships between different countries in the actual economic and political international globalized context. The present work develops indexes for the European Union countries by applying three different methods in the field of formative approach. Our aim is to show how robust CR measurements can be developed by operational and easily computable methods. We identify a set of significant variables included in the reference literature. Then, we propose three simple aggregative processes in order to obtain CR measures, at a precise time and over time. As a result, if we compare the outcomes, similar CR rankings emerge. In other words, there are no relevant differences in results also due to different methods of applications. The findings demonstrate that the choice of the aggregation method depends on the willingness of the researcher to baste the analysis with or without weighing and, therefore, on the semantic content that is assigned to the entire research structure. Each analysis should follow a disinterested theoretical-methodological consistency, knowing that the choice of a particular indexing process in the field of aggregation does not significantly alter the nature of the results compared to what would result by applying a different method.