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China is under international pressure to provide more global public goods commensurate with its international status. While China has generally remained cautious in assuming too many responsibilities, there are signs that it is playing a more active role in at least two areas. First, China appears to be focused on reshaping the international economic and financial order to its advantage. In particular, it is actively pushing for the establishment of new financial institutions to, in its own words, complement existing multilateral development banks. Second, in combating piracy off the coast of Somalia, China has stepped up efforts to play up the softer aspects of its hardware contributions. These two aspects manifest a China that is ready and confident in providing the public goods that the international community welcomes. (China/GIGA)

How do militias use the external support provided to them by powerful foreign actors? In Kunduz province, Afghanistan, a wide range of militias have received money, weapons, training and political support through several US-funded militia programmes. While labelled as 'local self-defence forces', the observable behaviour of these militias ranges from providing local governance services in the areas they control to preying upon the people they are supposed to guard. Through the analytical lens of multi-layered governance this article investigates how the external support of the United States has been adopted, manipulated, and/or diverted by local militias in Kunduz to serve their own agendas. While the militia support yielded short-term counterinsurgency gains, in the mid to long term, it has unintentionally undermined both the security needs of local populations in Kunduz and US strategic interests.

In the modern era, energy and its sustainability have emerged as one of the most important economic issues worldwide. It is widely believed that no country has managed to embrace development without ensuring a sustainable energy supply that could be accessed by a large portion of the population. Thus, this concept of energy sufficiency is of greater importance for the underdeveloped countries those, historically, had not been able to match their local energy demand. Apart from the inefficiencies and resource constraints associated with the energy sector, lack of good governance within an economy is believed to be a critical issue in aggravating energy crisis in those countries. However, following strategic impotence, political unwillingness and inefficient governance of the energy sector, the underdeveloped countries have failed to mitigate the energy deficits which in turn have hampered the development prospects in those countries. This paper highlights the potential roles good governance can play to promote energy security considering the case of Bangladesh, a developing country that is leaving no stones unturned in becoming a middle-income country by 2021. Besides, the role of good governance in complementing fuel diversification as a tool for ensuring energy security has also been put forward. Thus, the government of Bangladesh should reinstate good governance within the economy creating a favourable environment for investment in the energy sector which would enhance competition and mitigate inefficiencies in energy generation, transmission, and distribution.

This study leverages Multinational Corporations (MNCs) as a research context to advance our understanding of the relationship between internal and external fit over the course of the transfer of organizational practices. While internal fit describes the important condition that a practice should be aligned with organizational goals and must gain support internally, external fit refers to an additional condition for successful transfer, namely that a particular practice must gain and sustain support and legitimacy in the environment. Studying two German MNCs transferring apprenticeship-based training to foreign operations in the United States, the paper starts from the key observation that organizations can use different governance modes to organize the transfer process: they may either go it alone and organize transfer in a hierarchy mode, or they may partner up with other organizations and form an inter-organizational network for transfer. Using rich qualitative data, the paper finds that different governance modes affect the ability to attain internal and external fit by revealing a critical trade-off: while hierarchy helps create internal fit, it comes with significant additional costs to attain external fit; conversely, using the network mode facilitates the creation of external fit, but involves making compromises which reduce internal fit. Based on these findings, I theorize that different governance modes (hierarchy vs. network) work through distinct processes (autonomous vs. collaborative), driven by unique mechanisms (inward vs. outward orientation), to influence outcomes in terms of internal and external fit. The study contributes to the literature by shifting attention to the implications of different governance modes for transfer processes.

2-s2.0-85031728200 ; When and to what extent external actors, especially the EU, contribute to induce legal and administrative changes and help domestic authorities address the disconnect between good governance standards and corrupt practices? Comparing external promotion of anti-corruption norms and provisions in civil administration, public finance management and public procurement in Turkey this book identifies the domestic conditions under which external actors can affect real-world outcomes. Providing a comprehensive, empirical account of Turkey's fight against corruption, the book's cross-sectoral analysis explores the power relations between major political actors and bureaucratic state elites, and examines how structural administrative factors filter external pressure for anti-corruption reforms and determine the prospects for institutional change in the Turkish public sector. This welcome addition to literature on Europeanisation and external good governance promotion makes an important contribution to the academic and policy debate regarding the "politics" of anti-corruption reforms in Turkey. © 2017 Digdem Soyaltin. All rights reserved.

AbstrakTulisan ini mengkaji mengenai bagaimana sinergitas multi aktor di Kota Malang dalam merespons isu dan ancaman ISIS di level lokal. Sebagaimana dipahami bahwa ISIS merupakan ancaman global di mana ideologinya telah menyebar, bahkan hingga di Kota Malang. Untuk itu, keterlibatan dan sinergitas multiaktor dalam kerangka local governance menjadi penting. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan tujuan deskriptif. Data difokuskan pada temuan di lapangan yang dikumpulkan secara langsung melalui wawancara. Penelitian menemukan bahwa aktor publik dan aktor non-publik di level Kota Malang cukup sinergis dalam merespons isu dan ancaman ISIS. Namun, adanya perbedaan pandangan dan persepsi ancaman antara aktor publik (terutama Pemkot) dengan stakeholders perguruan tinggi menjadi tantangan tersendiri.Kata Kunci: ISIS, Local Governance, Sinergitas Multi Aktor AbstractThis paper study about how multi actors in Malang City synergy to response ISIS's threat and issues. As we known, ISIS as a global threat and its ideology has spreading even to the Malang City. So, the multi actors involvement and synergy with framework of local governance is important thing. This research used qualitative methods with aimed descriptive. Data focused on the field research with direct technique by means of interview to many informants. The found of this research is that public actors and non-public actors in the level of Malang City has synergy to response ISIS's threat and issues. However, the challenge is that dissimilarity opinion and threat perceptions between public actors (especially local government) and university stakeholders.Keywords: ISIS, Local Governance, Multi Actors Synergy

Entrepreneurship and business creation is a priority area for many governments worldwide. Public administration can help to promote entrepreneurship through its decisions and the definition and implementation of public policies. This study analyzes the effect of six dimensions of quality of governance in business creation. We used panel data for a sample of 206 countries over the period of 2004 to 2014, divided into four subsamples generated from the income level of the countries. Furthermore, the study adopted a dual perspective, considering both immediate effects and delayed effects, resulting in two research hypotheses. The results show that for high-income countries, the political stability and absence of violence variable is significant. Adopting two-year lags in the statistical model resulted in a greater number of statistically significant explanatory variables. No homogeneous pattern is observed in the variables for statistical significance regarding the four income levels. This finding implies that the focus on good governance should primarily be regarded as a long-term perspective, rather than in terms of short cycles or simply electoral cycles.