Suchergebnisse

"The Right-Wing Critique of Europe analyses the opposition to the European Union from a variety of right-wing organisations in Western, Central and Eastern Europe. In recent years, opposition to the processes of globalisation and the programme of closer European integration, understood as a threat to the sovereignty of individual member states, has led to an intensification of Eurosceptic sentiments on the Old Continent. The results of the European parliamentary elections in 2014 and 2019, the Brexit referendum and electoral results in different European countries are all testament to the considerable growth of radical populist-nationalist and conservative-souverainist movements and parties. The common idea that binds these groups, both in Western Europe and in Central and Eastern Europe, is a hostile attitude towards the idea of (an ever more integrated) united Europe. These parties reject not only the project of building a European federation, but also the current model of the European Union and the values underlying its attitudes. They are united by their criticism of EU policies, in particular those concerning security, emigration, multiculturalism, gender equality, the rights of minorities, as well as economic liberalism and the common currency. However, this criticism manifests itself with varying degrees of intensity, and not all parties fit the classic definition of Euroscepticism but instead represent its mild form, Eurorealism. The authors bring together reflections on the organic and complex critique of the European Union, its policies and cultural and ideological character. The book provides a comparative analysis of this criticism at the transnational level. This book will be of interest to researchers of European politics, the radical right and Euroscepticism"--

In this article, we analyse four different dimensions of socio-economic integration of first and second generation immigrants into the labour markets of 13 EU countries and we assess, taking into account a number of individual characteristics, the effects of the countries of origin and the countries of destination on this integration. We find that participation in the labour market, unemployment, occupational status and the chances of reaching the upper middle-class are different, although interrelated, dimensions of the socio-economic integration of immigrants and they work differently for men and women. In the countries of destination, the level of employment protection legislation and the conservative welfare regime affect this integration negatively. Most indicators of national policies aimed at the integration of immigrants have no effects on the socio-economic integration of immigrants. Furthermore, we find a number of origin effects which continue to have an impact on second generation immigrants. Political stability and political freedom in origin countries have positive and negative effects on socio-economic integration. The emigration rate of the origin countries has a negative effect. The higher levels of socio-economic integration amongst immigrants from other EU-countries demonstrates the functioning of the European Union as an integrated labour market .Controlling for individual religious affiliation turns out to be very useful, since we find a number of negative effects of being a Muslim, among both men and women. While individual education is an important predictor of immigrants' labour market outcomes, our findings indicate lower returns on this education in terms of occupational status, indicating a ceiling effect for highlyeducated second generation immigrants who cannot translate their qualifications into high-status jobs to the same extent as their native peers.

The internal regionalisation and European integration place compound Member States in a special relationship with the European Union. These two processes confront national authorities with obligations from different, and sometimes seemingly contradictory or irreconcilable, sources. This confrontation has led to a process of adaptation of the compound States to their status as members of the European Union. Not without tensions, their adaptation is proving to be sufficiently successful so that it is no longer possible to describe their participation in the European Union without taking into account the role of their constituent communities. At the same time, European Union law has gradually taken account of the composite form of these Member States. Regional self-government is now part of the national identity, the respect of which is an obligation for the Union. However, there is still room for improvement in adapting it by taking better account of the regional dimension of the composite Member States. The articulation of relations between the European Union and the States in question reveals a particular structuring which can be described and understood through an emerging legal figure: the composite State which is a member of the European Union. ; La régionalisation interne et l'intégration européenne placent les États membres composés dans une relation particulière avec l'Union européenne. Ces deux processus confrontent les autorités nationales à des obligations de sources distinctes, et parfois à première vue contradictoires ou inconciliables. Cette confrontation a entraîné un processus d'adaptation des Etats composés à leur statut de membre de l'Union européenne. Non exempte de tensions, leur adaptation s'avère suffisamment aboutie de sorte qu'il n'est plus possible de décrire leur participation à l'Union européenne sans prendre en compte le rôle des collectivités qui les composent. Parallèlement, le droit de l'Union européenne a progressivement pris en considération la forme composée de ces États membres. ...

Nearly 40% foodborne outbreaks in the European Union are attributable to food practices in domestic homes that include handling and preparation of raw chicken. Hand washing is an important way to prevent cross-contamination with pathogens during chicken preparation. This study, which is part of the EU Horizon 2020 funded consortium SafeConsume, aimed at quantifying and understanding hand washing practices in three categories of households and five European countries. A quantitative survey (n=1889) was combined with qualitative research, during which 75 participants from France, Norway, Portugal, Romania, and the United Kingdom were observed and interviewed. An original method for analysing video with "The Observer XT" software was developed to identify when and how risk arises. The quantitative survey and qualitative research data revealed that touching raw chicken was more frequent in Romania and Portugal. Practices to avoid touching raw chicken were declared and observed, although observations revealed that these practices were not always consistently followed. Only a third of the participants washed their hands with soap after handling raw chicken with important variations among countries (a majority in Norway and in the UK, a few in France and Portugal, none in Romania), in contrast to the results of the survey. Observations and interviews suggested that rinsing hands with water only and washing hands with soap are considered equivalent by many people. Barriers to washing hands due to improper equipment were mainly observed in Romania. Washing hands after touching raw chicken was motivated by food safety concerns for some participants in Norway and the UK, but not in France and Portugal, where it was motivated by unpleasant feelings on hands, or presented as a habit. Participants not washing their hands after touching the chicken did it after other actions they presumably perceived as unsafe (e.g. touching the bin, handling pets, and blowing the nose), indicating that they did not specifically consider ...

International audience ; Nearly 40% foodborne outbreaks in the European Union are attributable to food practices in domestic homes that include handling and preparation of raw chicken. Hand washing is an important way to prevent cross-contamination with pathogens during chicken preparation. This study, which is part of the EU Horizon 2020 funded consortium SafeConsume, aimed at quantifying and understanding hand washing practices in three categories of households and five European countries. A quantitative survey (n=1889) was combined with qualitative research, during which 75 participants from France, Norway, Portugal, Romania, and the United Kingdom were observed and interviewed. An original method for analysing video with "The Observer XT" software was developed to identify when and how risk arises. The quantitative survey and qualitative research data revealed that touching raw chicken was more frequent in Romania and Portugal. Practices to avoid touching raw chicken were declared and observed, although observations revealed that these practices were not always consistently followed. Only a third of the participants washed their hands with soap after handling raw chicken with important variations among countries (a majority in Norway and in the UK, a few in France and Portugal, none in Romania), in contrast to the results of the survey. Observations and interviews suggested that rinsing hands with water only and washing hands with soap are considered equivalent by many people. Barriers to washing hands due to improper equipment were mainly observed in Romania. Washing hands after touching raw chicken was motivated by food safety concerns for some participants in Norway and the UK, but not in France and Portugal, where it was motivated by unpleasant feelings on hands, or presented as a habit. Participants not washing their hands after touching the chicken did it after other actions they presumably perceived as unsafe (e.g. touching the bin, handling pets, and blowing the nose), indicating that they did not ...

International audience ; Nearly 40% foodborne outbreaks in the European Union are attributable to food practices in domestic homes that include handling and preparation of raw chicken. Hand washing is an important way to prevent cross-contamination with pathogens during chicken preparation. This study, which is part of the EU Horizon 2020 funded consortium SafeConsume, aimed at quantifying and understanding hand washing practices in three categories of households and five European countries. A quantitative survey (n=1889) was combined with qualitative research, during which 75 participants from France, Norway, Portugal, Romania, and the United Kingdom were observed and interviewed. An original method for analysing video with "The Observer XT" software was developed to identify when and how risk arises. The quantitative survey and qualitative research data revealed that touching raw chicken was more frequent in Romania and Portugal. Practices to avoid touching raw chicken were declared and observed, although observations revealed that these practices were not always consistently followed. Only a third of the participants washed their hands with soap after handling raw chicken with important variations among countries (a majority in Norway and in the UK, a few in France and Portugal, none in Romania), in contrast to the results of the survey. Observations and interviews suggested that rinsing hands with water only and washing hands with soap are considered equivalent by many people. Barriers to washing hands due to improper equipment were mainly observed in Romania. Washing hands after touching raw chicken was motivated by food safety concerns for some participants in Norway and the UK, but not in France and Portugal, where it was motivated by unpleasant feelings on hands, or presented as a habit. Participants not washing their hands after touching the chicken did it after other actions they presumably perceived as unsafe (e.g. touching the bin, handling pets, and blowing the nose), indicating that they did not ...

En este trabajo se realiza un análisis descriptivo de la evolución de los indicadores de pobreza y exclusión social y de la discriminación percibida entre la población de la Unión Europea. Se constata que la pobreza y exclusión social (tasa AROPE) y el riesgo de pobreza monetaria incide en mayor medida en determinados grupos entre los que también se percibe más discriminación, tal es el caso de la discriminación de género, edad o discapacidad. Con relación a la discriminación, los ciudadanos de la Unión Europea perciben en sus países mayores porcentajes de discriminación generalizada entre la población de origen étnico diferente al mayoritario y entre la población LGB, aunque se habría producido una disminución en casi todos los estados miembros en la percepción de discriminación. ; In this paper, a descriptive analysis of the evolution of poverty and social exclusion indicators and perceived discrimination among the population of the European Union is carried out. It is found that poverty and social exclusion (AROPE rate) and the risk of monetary poverty have a greater impact on certain groups among which more discrimination is also perceived, such is the case of gender, age or disability discrimination. In relation to discrimination, the citizens of the European Union perceive in their countries higher percentages of generalized dis-crimination among the population of ethnic origin different from the majority and among the LGB population, although there would have been a decrease in almost all the member states in the perception of discrimination. ; Junta de Andalucía (Consejería de Economía y Conocimiento)

In this paper, a descriptive analysis of the evolution of poverty and social exclusion indicators and perceived discrimination among the population of the European Union is carried out. It is found that poverty and social exclusion (AROPE rate) and the risk of monetary poverty have a greater impact on certain groups among which more discrimination is also perceived, such is the case of gender, age or disability discrimination. In relation to discrimination, the citizens of the European Union perceive in their countries higher percentages of generalized discrimination among the population of ethnic origin different from the majority and among the LGB population, although there would have been a decrease in almost all the member states in the perception of discrimination. ; En este trabajo se realiza un análisis descriptivo de la evolución de los indicadores de pobreza y exclusión social y de la discriminación percibida entre la población de la Unión Europea. Se constata que la pobreza y exclusión social (tasa AROPE) y el riesgo de pobreza monetaria incide en mayor medida en determinados grupos entre los que también se percibe más discriminación, tal es el caso de la discriminación de género, edad o discapacidad. Con relación a la discriminación, los ciudadanos de la Unión Europea perciben en sus países mayores porcentajes de discriminación generalizada entre la población de origen étnico diferente al mayoritario y entre la población LGB, aunque se habría producido una disminución en casi todos los estados miembros en la percepción de discriminación.

Europe is the world's largest wine-producing and wine-exporting region. In recent decades, fostered by the liberalization of international trade, the European wine industry has witnessed an acceleration in its exports, but this increase has been far from steady. It has fluctuated considerably in the short term, where periods of rapid growth have alternated with slow or negative growth. In this context, it is of particular relevance to know the temporal dynamics of the fluctuations in wine exports and to discover whether there are cyclical co-movements with the European wine export cycle. This paper analyzes the cyclical synchronization of wine exports for the ten main European wine-producing countries with the aggregate European wine export cycle since the inception of the European Economic Community. The main objective is to investigate whether there has been a "European" wine export cycle over the last six decades. The cycles of wine exports are obtained using de- trending techniques, and Spearman's rank correlations and concordance indices are calculated to analyze the synchronization and interaction between cycles. The results for the exports, by value, revealed a strong degree of synchronization over the whole period for the majority of the countries, with a tendency to grow over time.

A GARCH-with-variables model is used to assess volatility contagion in the Eurozone Debt Crisis. Credit Default Swaps on sovereign debt with 3 years maturity are used as a reference financial instrument, covering the sample period from 2008-2013. Daily data on Credit Default Swaps is used. We conclude that there is strong statistical evidence of volatility contagion in CDS spreads from the Eurozone periphery to its core. However, the direction of contagion is contingent on the periphery and core countries being assessed. As such, German 3 year CDS on sovereign debt mean equation is to vulnerable to Portuguese and to Greek CDS volatility, whilst German sovereign CDS volatility is vulnerable to greek one day lagged sovereign volatility. Differently, France's sovereign debt Credit Default Swaps are only exposed to Spanish and Italian sovereign CDS in the mean equation. Exposure to greek lagged one day volatility exists as well. ; Este documento foi desenvolvido com o apoio da FCT.