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This study specifically examines the main challenges that impede green growth in Nordic countries, and identifies potential ways of overcoming these challenges and driving the green growth agenda forward. The methodology of the research comprised a survey, sent out to all 74 NUTS 3 (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics 3) regions in the Nordic countries, and interviews with key national experts, focusing on challenges and government interventions related to the implementation of green growth initiatives. The results highlighted differences between Nordic regions in their work on green growth. In addition, we conducted a policy review of existing Nordic national-level bioeconomy and cleantech strategies, identifying their main focuses, explicit (or implicit) mentions of challenges to developing green growth and government interventions necessary to promote it. Based on the survey, interviews and our national policy review, we identified several such challenges and government interventions in Nordic regions.

International audience ; The end of censorship in 1789 allowed the creation of the regular press, but left the question unanswered about the role journalists were to play in the society that was emerging. Camille Desmoulins responded to this matter in the first newspaper, the Révolutions de France et de Brabant, by defending the importance of a complete freedom of the press in a "free society," as well as the legitimacy of the revolutionary combat of the "author patriot." Desmoulins drew on Greco-Roman antiquity to define for journalists a veritable magistracy adapted to the needs of a modern republic. Censor, historian, or orator in a potentially unlimited public forum, the journalist makes it possible for the "people" to have access to politics and to the defense of their rights. The symbiosis between the journalist-magistrate and the people who attained republican "dignity" by listening to his lessons was, for Desmoulins, the condition of liberty. ; La fin de la censure en 1789 permet l'éclosion de la presse périodique, mais laisse entière la question du rôle que doivent tenir les journalistes dans la société en train de naître. Camille Desmoulins y répond, dans son premier journal, les Révolutions de France et de Brabant, en défendant l'importance de la liberté entière de la presse dans un « État libre » et la légitimité du combat révolutionnaire de « l'écrivain patriote ». Desmoulins puise dans l'Antiquité gréco-romaine afin de définir pour les journalistes une véritable magistrature adaptée aux besoins d'une « république » moderne. Censeur, historien ou « orateur » d'une place publique désormais extensible à l'infini, le journaliste rend possible l'accès du peuple à la politique et à la défense de ses droits. La symbiose entre le journaliste-magistrat et le peuple, qui s'élève à la dignité « républicaine » en écoutant ses leçons, est pour Desmoulins la condition de la liberté.

This contribution is structured in three sections. In the first section I will synthesize the most important ideas of the Irish colleagues' article, with a critical commentary to their contribution. Then, I will provide, founded on my own academic labor and social struggle experiences, the same evidences about the commercialization of universities and the declining autonomy and freedom of their staff in the reforms imposed in the French, Spanish and the Basque university systems1. In the third and last part of this exposition I will discuss some critical ideas and questions to contribute to the political transformation of the university institution's way.

The bold strategies of urban education reform over the past twenty years appear to most scholars and commentators as an abrupt political revolution, breaking from the established status quo of public education governance by embracing privatization, school choice, and the test-based accountability of schools and educators. Focusing on the high-profile case of the Chicago Public Schools, this paper interrogates this historical narrative by investigating less explicit moments of policy innovation that preceded the contemporary period of sweeping legislative reform. In Chicago, and across the nation, certain programs and policy reforms currently associated with school choice were first established in the name of racial desegregation. This institutional and discursive analysis of Chicago's Student Desegregation Plan of the 1980's asks how the initial expansion of choice-oriented programs both anticipates the policy logics and framework of contemporary neoliberal reform and paves the political path for Chicago's early adoption of this neoliberal reform framework. Against the widely held notion that contemporary reform departs from older notions of racial equity embedded in desegregation reform, this study draws on archival sources representing multiple public voices and competing state actors to complicate the issue of school desegregation, revealing a contested space where divergent motivations and conflicting frameworks struggle to influence the course of reform. I find that the use of choice-oriented programs in the context of Chicago's last major desegregation initiative reflects an implicit shift to a new definition of educational equity, one that eschews the court-ordered obligation to redress the institutional harms of segregated schooling and frames equity not in relation to racial and geographic patterns of inequality but instead in terms of equal access to necessarily unequal public school options.

For a selection of farms in the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) of the European Union, the economic, environmental and social performance of farms is measured using farm level sustainability indicators based on FADN data and additiona data collected through the FLINT project. For each type of farming (TF), that is to say each main production specialisation, farms are then clustered on the basis of their economic performance and following this their environmental and social performances are assessed. The analysis addresses the question of whether top performing farms from an economic perspective can also be high-performing farms from an environmental and social perspective. The characteristics of the top performers are also investigated.Results suggest that economic sustainability and environmental sustainability are positively correlated for some farm types but not others, and this depends on the type of environmental indicator. By contrast, there are no tradeoffs between economic performance and (private) social performance. From a methodological perspective, the choice of the indicator, in particular the choice of the functional unit is crucial and may influence conclusions. In addition, some indicators never or almost never discriminate between clusters.

International audience ; In this paper, we present an experimental trial involving the use of a complex spatial simulation platform to support a planning decision process in the city of Besançon (eastern France). In medium-sized towns across France, households with children are leaving to settle in periurban areas, and Besançon is no exception. Under those circumstances, the political objective of the Besançon City authority is to keep middle- and high-income households with children within the city. The simulation platform MobiSim was used in this context to explore the possible outcomes of spatial planning policies, set by both the Greater Besançon authority (Besançon and the surrounding periurban communities) and the city of Besançon, on residential migrations over a 20 year period. MobiSim integrates several models representing demographic, social, economic, and spatial processes. Modelled entities are individuals and dwellings. Rules determine how individuals form households. Other rules locate dwellings in buildings.

International audience ; Le mot "crise" nous entoure, nous envahit même. Petit tour d'horizon non exhaustif de la présence de la "crise" dans le panorama médiatique suisse. Depuis cet été, et les images de centaines d'hommes, femmes et enfants bloqués sur la "route des Balkans", l'expression "crise des réfugiés" s'est imposée comme une évidence. "L'UE prend de nouvelles mesures pour faire face à la crise des réfugiés" (RTS, 24.09.2015); "Les images chocs de la crise des réfugiés planent sur l'hémicycle" (La Liberté, 09.09.2015); "L'UE reste divisée sur la gestion de la crise des réfugiés" (Tribune de Genève, 15.09.2015). Le mot « crise » s'est invité dans les débats également lorsque les médias ont commenté le plan d'urgence élaboré par la Confédération, "en cas de crise migratoire" (RTS, 20.04.2016). Ou pour commenter l'accord que l'Union européenne (UE) a signé avec la Turquie: "La crise des réfugiés, un levier pour la Turquie face à l'Europe" (Tribune de Genève, 06.03.2016).

International audience ; This paper aims at analyzing the role of an environmental tax or an environmental subsidy as instruments for preserving phosphate reserves, for improving water quality by reducing eutrophication, and for increasing social welfare. Toward these goals, we use a duopoly model "à la Stack- elberg", assume the presence of a benevolent government that takes into account the bene.cial e¤ect of recycling in the social welfare function and refunds the revenue of the tax to the society. First, we .nd that taxing extracted phosphorus or subsidizing recycled phosphorus contributes to the postponement of the depletion of the resource and to the reduction of eutrophication. Second, we .nd that taxing extracted phosphorus reduces consumers.surplus, whereas subsidizing recycled phosphorus increases it. Third, we show that the subsidy set by the regulator is higher than the marginal bene.t of recycling, whereas the level of the tax with respect to the marginal social damage of pollution is ambiguous. Fourth, we state that the tax and the subsidy increase social welfare. Fifth, by way of com- parison, we .nd that if the regulator aims at saving phosphorus, reducing eutrophication and improving social welfare simultaneously, subsidizing recycled phosphorus is the best policy, but if he aims only at saving phos- phorus and reducing eutrophication, taxing extracted phosphorus is more optimal than subsidizing recycled phosphorus.

International audience ; La mer Baltique semble constamment tiraillée entre son rôle d'appendice maritime ou continental et son statut de laboratoire de la gouvernance transnationale. Constitue-t-elle une simple baie atlantique, une porte au croisement des routes ou au contraire une mer intérieure, à l'écart, quasiment fermée ? La métaphore du lac s'est répandue au début de la décennie 1990 afin d'incarner un vaste processus de régionalisation, facilitant le recours à un imaginaire concret mais mobilisateur. La référence dotait symboliquement la région baltique de l'unité, de l'homogénéité et de la consistance qui lui faisaient défaut. L'intérêt des acteurs politiques et économiques de l'ensemble des niveaux géographiques se portait alors précisément à envisager des connexions renforcées entre les différentes rives. Comment expliquer que le détour par le lac ait été dès lors nécessaire ? Quelles stratégies la substitution du vocable maritime par l'univers lacustre a-t-elle appuyé ?

International audience ; Crime infotainment is a hybrid type of television program in which each episode is based on a real criminal case and presented to the audience under the form of a reconstructed narrative. Research has shown that although violent crime is ubiquitous in other types of media, leading to an over-representation of violent content, crime infotainment is the most fear-inducing type of media as compared with newspaper coverage and television crime drama. This leads people to believe their lives are at risk and they consequently support cultural conservative politics of anti-crime measures which are excessive considering the risk. It is therefore important to understand how crime infotainment content is built to induce fear. Adopting the framework of Ideological Discourse Analysis developed by van Dijk (1995a, 1995b, 2006), the study presented here proposes an analysis of three French infotainment stories, comparing the semantic fields in their speech with the semantic fields developed in related newspaper articles. The study also proposes an analysis of image content in infotainment which leads us to the conclusion that the blurring of the lines between what is presented as (discursive) fact or (imagistic) fiction may well have a consequent impact on the audience.

International audience ; After the military coup that led colonel Houari Boumediene to power, the revolutionary enthusiasm in which youth and student had participated since the independence of 1962 seemed over. However, by the beginning of the 1970s, Boumediene had managed to regain the support of the more radical students to buttress his left leaning reforms, including the nationalization of oil and gas, and the agrarian revolution of 1971. Based on interviews and memoirs, this article aims to follow itineraries of former students activists of the Union nationale des étudiants algériens (UNEA) in order to better understand both the chronology and the paradoxes of the period. In doing so, it aims to shed light on the nature and timing of the "Algerian 1968". ; Après le coup d'état de 1965 qui mène au pouvoir le colonel Houari Boumediene en Algérie, l'élan révolutionnaire auxquels les jeunes – et notamment les étudiants – ont particulièrement participé depuis l'indépendance de 1962, semble coupé. Pourtant, au début des années 1970, Boumediene s'appuie sur la jeunesse pour mener des réformes de gauche, notamment la nationalisation des hydrocarbures et la réforme agraire de 1971. En reconstituant à partir d'entretien et de mémoires les parcours des militants de la remuante Union nationale des étudiants algériens (UNEA), cet article se propose d'explorer cette période pour en affiner la chronologie et en éclairer les paradoxes. Ce faisant, il contribue à comprendre à la fois la nature et la temporalité du « 1968 algérien ».

International audience ; PhD Position on the Mediterranean Railway Corridor ; Position de thèse de doctorat sur le Corridor Méditerranéen

International audience ; The " global governance " paradigm has considerably modified the way responsibilities, in the broad sense of the word, are considered at the international level. Global governance is indeed a multi-faceted notion that intends to go beyond the traditional governmental decision-making patterns in order to reflect the complexification of the decision-making fora, actors and processes that address certain globalized issues. It refers to " the sum of many ways, individuals and institutions, public and private, manage their common affairs. It is a continuing process through which conflicting or diverse interests may be accommodated and cooperative action taken. It includes formal institutions and regimes empowered to enforce compliance, as well as informal arrangements that people and institutions either have agreed to or perceive to be in their interest. " In many respects, the global governance approach reveals phenomena that hardly fit in the international law framework and can hardly be phrased in terms of international law proper.

International audience ; L'article présenté ici est le deuxième de cette rubrique « vie de la recherche en formation des adultes » nouvelle formule. Il s'intéresse aux possibilités d'analyse automatisée des thèses référencées dans le Service universitaire de documentation (SUDOC) comme liées à l'éducation des adultes. Est en particulier abordée la question des analyses lexicales rétrospectives de leurs résumés. De fait, les thèses réellement indexées par les termes « éducation des adultes » ou « éducation permanente » dans les « mots sujets » ne représentent que moins de la moitié de celles qu'une analyse heuristique humaine pourrait considérer comme concernant ce sujet. Néanmoins leurs analyses donnent une vision intéressante de ce qui a été considéré pendant quatre décennies par les bibliothèques comme entrant dans ce champ. La comparaison des lexiques utilisés montre que les quatre thématiques que sont les apprentissages linguistiques, la construction du sujet, les politiques nationales de formation ou encore celles des stratégies des entreprises et de la relation formation-emploi constituent l'essentiel du corpus. Les thématiques linguistiques et biographiques apparaissent plus saillantes dans les vingt dernières années, alors que les deux autres sont légèrement plus repérées avant 2000.

Anciens axes commerciaux entre l'lnde et le Tibet, mais relégués en position de confins suite aux évolutions politiques et économiques des XIX è et XX è siècles, les vallées du Népal étudiées dans cet article (régions de l'Everest, de l'Annapurna et du Manaslu), ont à la fois tiré profit de leur enclavement relatif et du développement progressif des transports à l'échelle du pays, pour accueillir la pratique néo-aventureuse du trekking. Toutefois, depuis le début des années 2000, la progression des routes en direction de ces espaces touristiques, modifie sensiblement les paysages, l'économie locale et le fonctionnement même de cette activité fondée sur le dépaysement et la découverte d'espaces « naturels » préservés. Si l'amélioration de l'accessibilité apparaît comme une aubaine pour les populations locales, le trekking, jusqu'alors en position dominante, tend à se rétracter dans ses dimensions temporelles et spatiales au grand dam de ses adeptes. Il contraint les professionnels du tourisme à s'adapter en valorisant de nouvelles ressources ou en développant de nouvelles pratiques. D'espaces d'aventure, destinés à des touristes sportifs, les vallées nouvellement desservies par la route s'ouvrent désormais à une plus grande diversité de visiteurs dans leurs profils (pèlerins, familles) et leur nationalité (Indiens, Chinois) jusqu'alors exclus par manque de temps, d'argent ou de dispositions physiques. Abstract This paper aims to study tourism development and accessibility in Nepalese Himalaya since the political opening of the country sixty years ago. Historically, relegated in remote positions, Mount Everest, Annapurna and Manaslu areas have benefited from their remoteness for developing trekking tourism. But if trekking just consists in walking, it nevertheless needs good transportation networks to carry tourists as fast as possible towards destinations. Nepal's road network has been long underdeveloped because of the constraints of the relief, the costs of construction and the political issues between India ...