Suchergebnisse

Armed movements are usually analyzed in the context of ongoing conflict, and much of the preceding mobilization and recruitment is often given far less attention. In this article, we assert that this period can be of critical relevance to subsequent movement trajectories. Analysis of the period antecedent to insurgency also facilitates a deeper contextualization of movement actors and their environments. We examine the period of preconflict mobilization for PKK and the FLN/EZLN, two movements of comparable interest due to their successful urban-to-rural transitions. We contend that the establishment of cross-class, locally based constituencies in both cases was critical to their consolidation as armed movements. We discuss the cases in relation to three main parameters: their immediate social environment, the role of the state, and the strategies adopted by the respective movements.

Swamedikasi atau pengobatan sendiri tanpa resep dokter telah dilakukan secara luas oleh masyarakat untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit ringan seperti sakit kepala, demam, batuk pilek, dan lainnya. Namun dalam pelaksanaannya, sering terjadi kesalahan pengobatan karena diagnosis sendiri yang kurang tepat, kesalahan dosis/cara pakai, informasi yang bias dari iklan obat, dan sebagainya. Tata laksana swamedikasi yang tidak rasional dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif seperti efek terapi yang tidak tercapai maupun munculnya efek obat yang tidak diinginkan. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan kegiatan PKM kepada mitra yang merupakan kelompok PKK Banjar Tohpati, Desa Kesiman Kertalangu, Denpasar Timur mengenai Gerakan Masyarakat Cerdas Menggunakan Obat (Gema Cermat) yang meliputi cara memilih dan mendapatkan obat dengan benar, menggunakan obat secara rasional, serta cara menyimpan dan membuang obat dengan baik dan benar. Metode yang digunakan adalah focus group discussion, penyuluhan dan pemutaran video terkait Gema Cermat, serta pelatihan penggunaan obat sediaan khusus seperti tetes mata, salep mata, injeksi insulin, dan suppositoria. Hasil pre-test dan post-test menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan kader mengenai Gema Cermat sebesar 20%, dari nilai rata-rata 64 saat pre-test menjadi 80 saat post-test. Kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam program Gema Cermat ini diharapkan dapat membantu pemerintah dan masyarakat dalam meningkatkan keterampilan dan pengetahuan masyarakat dalam penggunaan obat secara benar. ; Self-medication has been widely carried out by the community to treat various ailments such as headaches, fevers, colds, and others. However, in practice, medication errors often occur due to improper self-diagnosis, dosage errors, drug misuse, or biased information from drug advertisements. Irrational self-medication management may lead to negative effects such as undesirable therapeutic effects or adverse drug reactions. Therefore, we carried out a community empowerment program to our partner, PKK Banjar Tohpati, Kesiman Kertalangu Village, East Denpasar, about Gerakan Masyarakat Cerdas Menggunakan Obat (Gema Cermat) which includes how to choose and get drugs properly, how to use drugs rationally, as well as how to store and dispose of drugs properly. Focus group discussion, counseling, and video screenings related to Gema Cermat were conducted, followed by training in using special preparations such as eye drops, eye ointments, insulin injection, and suppositories. The results showed an increase in cadre knowledge about Gema Cermat by 20%, from an average value of 64 at the pre-test to 80 at the post-test. This community empowerment program about Gema Cermat is expected to help both the government and the community to improve the skills and knowledge of the community in using drugs rationally.

The case COVID-19 in Indonesia is still high. The government has advised people to stay at home. This causes changes in daily habits that affect eating patterns and activity levels. Seeing this reality, COVID-19 health mitigation is needed. This dedication is to increase knowledge and skills regarding disaster nutrition mitigation during a pandemic, which is the main concentration on this issue. The target location for this training is Pasir Putih Village, Sawangan District, Depok, West Java, because West Java ranks 2nd in the Covid-19 case (470). The method used is to identify the problem through a preliminary study, observation and assessment of the initial knowledge and skills of the target, then determine the priority of the problem and then conduct a training program with material according to the priority of the problem. The output of this community service activity was an increase in knowledge of nutritional mitigation, including knowledge of balanced nutrition 86.6% and physical activity 80%. In the nutritional mitigation behavior, there was an increase in balanced nutrition by 76.6% and physical activity by 50%. The nutrition mitigation program is very important to be carried out in a sustainable manner, considering that the number of COVID-19 cases has not decreased significantly and the improvement in mitigation behavior has not increased perfectly. Kasus covid-19 di Indonesia masih tinggi. Pemerintah memberikan himbauan kepada masyarakat untuk tetap di rumah. Hal ini, menyebabkan perubahan kebiasaan sehari – hari yang mempengaruhi pola makan dan tingkat aktivitas Melihat realita ini dibutuhkan mitigasi kesehatan covid-19. Pengabdian ini untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan mengenai mitigasi gizi bencana selama pandemic, yang merupakan konsentrasi utama pada masalah tersebut. Target lokasi dari pelatihan ini adalah Kelurahan Pasir Putih, Kecamatan Sawangan,Depok, Jawa Barat, karena Jawa Barat rangking ke 2 kasus Covid-19 (470). Metode yang dilakukan adalah mengidetifikasi masalah melalui study pendahuluan, pengamatan dan penilaian pengetahuan dan keterampilan awal sasaran, lalu menentukan proritas masalah dan kemudian melakukan program pelatihan dengan materi sesuai prioritas masalah. Luaran kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini, terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan mitigasi gizi, meliputi pengetahuan gizi seimbang 86,6% dan aktifitas fisik 80%. Pada perilaku mitigasi gizi terjadi peningkatan gizi seimbang 76,6% dan aktifitas fisik 50 %. Program mitigasi gizi sangat penting dilakukan secara berkelanjutan,mengingat kasus covid belum turun secara significant dan peningkatan perilaku mitigasi belum meningkat secara sempurna.

Today,English is very urgently useful for all countries, so this is a good time to increase in any parts of humans', such as education, economy,social,culture,industry,etc,and all of those parts must be supported as soon as possible.It is because global market for all fields are really available now.It must be moved rapidly.One aspect which has the role in increasing English is tourism.Even now, tourism is shaken by pandemic of covid-19 happened at the end of 2019 and run quickly in the early of 2020 (especially in Indonesia), but after about one year later, the government tried to overcome the situation, so at the early of 2021, tourism sector run slowly and slowly wake up toward to any features related to tourism by still applied the health protocol. One effort to increase the government income, from the upper authority up to the lower authority,by preparation many tour guides who have very important role because there are many interesting ( tourism) places opened,both private and public sectors.These are really interesting things to gain many tourists to visit them.Day by day, there is a significant increasing in tourism sector and it needs to prepare so many tour guides to welcome the tourists.To overcome this situation, it must be available of local citizens as the human's resources to master English. Short English course for the women covered as PKK group in Kolongan country, Tomohon District is a good way also to anticipate this one. The short practical English course used the methods such as, explanation, discuss, question and answer,and direct practice of English, so the members could be increased their capability both in theory and especially in practice (more focus on speaking skill).This course aimed to support learning Englih materials effectively.Also, this activity as an applied activity for society at Kolongan country, Tomohon District could run well whenever and wherever they are.

This study tries to explore the relationship between soft-line governmental policy interventions of Turkey and the responses of the PKK (The Kurdistan Workers' Party) by using time series data from 1995 to 2010. The negative binomial specifications for two models, the number of incidents and the number casualties are used. The aggregated impact of soft-line policies on the level of violence is found to be positive and significant. In one hand, Turkey's EU accession process had a decreasing impact on PKK inflicted violence. On the other hand, the Active Repentance Law increased the violence in the short run. It was found that defiance based governmental policy interventions of Turkey had an increasing impact on the PKK-inflicted violence. ; Publisher PDF

This study tries to explore the relationship between soft-line governmental policy interventions of Turkey andthe responses of the PKK (The Kurdistan Workers' Party) by using time series data from 1995 to 2010. The negative binomial specifications for two models, the number of incidents and the number casualties are used. The aggregated impact of soft-line policies on the level of violence is found to be positive and significant. In one hand, Turkey's EU accession process had a decreasing impact on PKK inflicted violence. On the other hand, the Active Repentance Law increased the violence in the short run. It was found that defiance based governmental policy interventions of Turkey had an increasing impact on the PKK-inflicted violence.

Abstract
This article assesses the applicability of the criteria for non-international armed conflict to the situation in South-Eastern Turkey. It demonstrates that the Kurdistan Workers' Party (also known as the pkk), as a party to the conflict, fulfils the three main criteria laid down in conventional international humanitarian law and developed by indicative factors in international jurisprudence for assessing the existence of a non-international armed conflict in the context of Common Article 3 to the 1949 Geneva Conventions: being an organised armed group, having the ability to engage in 'protracted violence', and complying with law of armed conflict. It establishes that the pkk qualifies as an organised armed group under responsible command and has the operational ability, structure and capacity to carry out 'protracted violence', to respect fundamental humanitarian norms of international humanitarian law and to control territory. The article also ascertains that Turkey is clearly bound by the provisions of the four Geneva Conventions of 1949, including Common Article 3, and customary international humanitarian law. Accordingly, it concludes that the conflict between the pkk and the Turkish security forces qualifies as a non-international armed conflict within the meaning of both Common Article 3 and customary international humanitarian law.

Certaines organisations clandestines ainsi que les medias occidentaux font très volontiers la promotion de la part prise par les femmes combattantes dans des guérillas comme celle du Partiya Karkerên Kurdistan (PKK). Au-delà des développements idéologiques de la théorie de la Femme libre, le statut des femmes a fait l'objet d'une conquête féminine menée avec peine au sein du parti. Afin d'en apprécier les évolutions, nous nous sommes appuyées sur une enquête de sociologie qualitative menée auprès de 28 combattantes du PKK. Après un bref retour sur la phase de l'« armification » des femmes, nous mettons en évidence les formes de discrimination de genre persistantes au sein du parti depuis les années 1990 et soulignons le rôle de l'« armification » des femmes dans l'institution de soi comme sujet politique. Ces éléments nous conduisent à reconsidérer la thèse du féminisme martial, développée dans la littérature académique et pensée idéologiquement comme un « outil et une condition de l'émancipation des femmes », pour la nuancer à partir du regard que portent les femmes sur leur rapport à la violence politique.

Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah memanfaatkan lahan pekarangan minimalis dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidup terutama tanaman berkhasiat obat yang berfungsi memelihara dan meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh guna mendukung program pemerintah mengatasi Pandemi Covid-19. Permasalahan yang dihadapi masyarakat (kelompok PKK Desa Mapanget Kecamatan Talawaan Kabupaten Minahasa Utara, Sulawesi Utara) adalah masih rendahnya pengetahuan, wawasan dan keterampilan masyarakat khususnya ibu-ibu rumah tangga dalam melakukan konservasi tanaman berkhasiat obat di lahan pekarangan minimalis dan masih banyaknya lahan tidur yang terdapat di pekarangan rumah masyarakat. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian ini dilakukan melalui lima tahapan yaitu penyuluhan, pelatihan, pendampingan, evaluasi dan monitoring. Hasil kegiatan ini adalah 92 % masyarakat (ibu-ibu PKK sebanyak 40 orang) yang mengikuti kegiatan ini menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan dan wawasan, serta perbaikan tata nilai masyarakat melalui edukasi konservasi tanaman berkhasiat obat di lahan pekarangan minimalis masa Pandemi Covid-19. Konservasi tanaman berkhasiat obat di lahan pekarangan minimalis dapat membantu keluarga untuk memperoleh obat tradisional dengan sangat mudah, praktis dan terjangkau secara ekonomi. Kata Kunci—Edukasi, Konservasi, Kelompok PKK, Mapanget, Minahasa Utara, Sulawesi Utara. AbstractThis community service activity aims to utilize minimalist yards to supply their living needs, especially medicinal plants that function to maintain and increase body resistance to support government programs to overcome the Covid-19 Pandemic. The priority problems of the community (PKK group in Mapanget Village, Talawaan District, North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi) are the lack of knowledge, insight, and skills of the community, especially housewives in conserving medicinal plants in minimalist gardens, and there are still many unused lands in the community minimalist yard. The method of implementing this community service activity are carried out through five ...