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This thesis has two aims. The first one is to discuss the nature of normative reasons and to investigate which account of them would be compatible with a broadly naturalistic world view. The second aim is to show how a naturalistically constrained account of normative reasons and rationality can be fruitfully applied to some practical contexts that involve interfacing normative constraints and empirical data. The structure of the thesis is the following: in the first chapter, I introduce the concept of a normative reason. Following the literature, I distinguish between object-based and subject-based theories of normative reasons and discuss their attractions and disadvantages. In the second chapter, I defend one type of subject-based theory, the response-dependentist view of normative reasons. In the third chapter, I argue that subject-based theories of reasons receive support from evolutionary and naturalistic considerations. Moreover, I argue, on the basis of evolutionary considerations, that the object-based theories of reasons face serious difficulties, and therefore that we should adopt an attitude-dependent conception of normative reasons. In the fourth chapter, I further develop a positive account of one type of subject-based theory of normative reasons. I develop a naturalistically based account of reasons that is able to account for an important distinction between hypothetical and categorical reasons. Finally, in the fifth chapter I apply the developed framework to the case of psychopathy in order to discuss the question whether some recent neuropsychological studies show that psychopaths are irrational in their decision-making processes and behavior. I argue that current neuropsychological data do not warrant the conclusion that psychopaths are on average more irrational than other non-psychopathic individuals. ; Normativnost se pojavljuje kao neophodan uvjet u našim promišljanjima i djelovanju. Normativni pojmovi ne obilježavaju samo našu svakodnevicu, oni su isto tako sveprisutni u filozofiji, humanističkim te društvenim znanostima općenito. Kako bi govor o normativnosti imao smisla obično se pretpostavlja postojanje nekih standarda, normi ili općenitije činjenica o trebanju pomoću kojih mjerimo i ocjenjujemo ispravnost vjerovanja, ponašanja i emocionalnih reakcija ili čak druge normativne standarde. Neki autori tvrde da je relevantan smisao rečenice da nešto treba biti slučaj ili da se nešto treba vjerovati onaj u kojem tvrdnje o trebanju povlače iskaz da postoji odlučujući razlog (eng. decisive reason) da se to nešto učini ili vjeruje. Drugi autori tvrde da se bazični etički pojmovi mogu objasniti u terminima principa koje bi razložne osobe imale razloga prihvatiti ili odbaciti. Nadalje, neki autori tvrde da, pozivajući se na razloge, možemo objasniti na koji način naša volja može biti slobodna te pružiti plauzibilno objašnjenje pojma moralne odgovornosti. Dakle, jasno je da normativni razlozi zauzimaju vrlo značajno mjesto u suvremenim raspravama u etici, metaetici, političkoj filozofiji te filozofiji društvenih znanosti. S obzirom na posebnu ulogu koju bi pojam razloga trebao igrati u našim filozofskim i svakodnevnim razmišljanjima, naš je filozofski zadatak pružiti zadovoljavajuće objašnjenje tog pojma. U slučaju normativnih razloga, problem je još istaknutiji s obzirom na to koju fundamentalnu ulogu bi trebali imati normativni razlozi. Nadalje, neki utjecajni normativisti tvrde da kako bi nešto bio razlog, mora postojati neka činjenica koja ima svojstvo ići u prilog (eng. count in favor of) te stvari za koju postoji afirmativni razlog. Isto tako se tvrdi da se svojstvo ići u prilog nečemu ne može svesti na nijednu drugu činjenicu (barem ne na ne-normativne činjenice) ili objasniti u naturalističkim terminima, tj. u terminima koji se koriste u znanostima, poput biologije, psihologije ili u kognitivnim znanostima općenito. Međutim, ako su razlozi fundamentalni za naše normativno promišljanje tada bi bila poželjna ona teorija razloga koja bi mogla objasniti na koji se način normativni razlozi uklapaju u svijet koji spoznajemo putem različitih prirodnih i društvenih znanosti. Pisanje ove disertacije ima dva cilja. Prvi i osnovni cilj je raspraviti na koji način bi se mogla razviti teorija normativnih razloga koja će biti kompatibilna s naturalističkom slikom svijeta. Pod naturalističkom slikom svijeta mislim na objašnjenja prirodnog svijeta koje možemo pronaći u trenutno prihvaćenim znanstvenim teorijama. Drugi cilj ove disertacije je pokazati kako se određena, naturalistički omeđena teorija normativnih razloga može na zanimljiv način primijeniti u praktičnim kontekstima. Struktura disertacije je sljedeća. U prvom poglavlju uvodim pojam normativnog razloga te ga definiram u kontrastu s pojmom motivacijskog razloga. Razlikujem dvije teorije razloga; teorije normativnih razloga koje su usmjerene na predmet i one koje su usmjerene na djelatnika (eng. object and subject based theories of normative reasons). U tom kontekstu, raspravljam o tome koje su pozitivne i negativne strane tih teorija. U drugom poglavlju branim jednu vrstu teorije razloga koja je usmjerena na djelatnike. Posebice se usmjeravam na davanje odgovora na prigovor da ova vrsta teorija nema utemeljenje u svakodnevnome razmišljanju o normativnim razlozima. U trećem poglavlju, oslanjajući se na evolucijska i naturalistička razmatranja, branim tvrdnju da teorije usmjerene na djelatnike pružaju plauzibilnije objašnjenje razloga nego teorije usmjerene na predmet. Argumentiram da se teorije razloga koje su usmjerene na predmet suočavaju s ozbiljnim poteškoćama te stoga trebamo prihvatiti neku koncepciju normativnih razloga prema kojoj su razlozi ontološki ovisni o umu ili stavovima racionalnih djelatnika. U četvrtom poglavlju razvijam jednu vrstu teorije normativnih razloga koja je usmjerena na racionalne djelatnike. U tom pogledu razvijam teoriju normativnih razloga koja je kompatibilna s naturalističkom perspektivom te je u mogućnosti objasniti važnu razliku između hipotetičkih i kategoričkih razloga. Konačno, u petom poglavlju primjenjujem teoriju razloga i racionalnosti koju sam razvio u prijašnjim poglavljima na slučaj psihopatije kako bih razmotrio pokazuju li trenutno dostupna neuropsihološka istraživanja da je proces odlučivanja kod psihopata iracionalan. U tom pogledu, argumentiram kako trenutačno dostupni neuropsihološki podaci ne opravdavaju zaključak da su psihopati iracionalniji od ostalih ljudi.

We surveyed 50 people between the ages of 18 and 25, most of respondents are college students. We used the following assessment tools: SMOL (abbreviated adaptation of MMPI), Heim's test for coping strategies, Mendelevich's methodic, Michigan Alcohol Test (MAST), Urgent Dependence Questionnaire in Shibko's adaptation. Respondents show some signs of predisposition, or even a clear presence of addictive behavior. Choosing a way to escape from reality was a cultural phenomenon, that is, the choice of an addictive agent is more dictated by advertising, public opinion, and art products. This data confirms the close direct relationship between alcohol dependence (according to MAST) and psychopathy — a correlation coefficient of 0.27. According to the regression analysis, the data of this scale strongly depend on the indicators of the hysteria scale (P-value = 0.01). This indicates that expressing alcohol and the consequences of such abuse can make a person protesting, uncomfortable, and seeking to exaggerate their problems and attract attention. The results of the study confirmed the literature data about self-centered, depressive, and anxious fetures of addictive personality. We can assume that the higher the emotional lability, anxiety and depressive personality, the greater the likelihood of addiction to computer games. It is worth noting that this dependency is different from the other vivid virtual world, which gives the person the opportunity to hide in him from the troubles. For people with adaptation disorders and computer addiction, clinical manifestations of anxiety and depression, severe depressive and anxiety episodes are common; high levels of situational and personal anxiety, excessive nervous and mental stress. That is, we can conclude that both computer addiction and gaming addiction are strongly linked to anxiety and depression. We assume that these dependencies are very closely related and that it is difficult to draw a clear boundary. In addition to health problems, psychoactive substance use, and addiction to procedural addiction, it causes significant social and economic damage to individuals and society as a whole.

What causes terrorism and how can it be prevented? This is one of the great political questions of our time and over the last decade and a half, considerable resources have been allocated not only to state counter-terrorism programmes, but also to research which might shed some light on this question and inform counter-terrorism policies and practices. Terrorism experts have explored a host of possible causes. Low levels of education, economic and financial crisis, globalisation, inequality, occupation, political repression, poverty, psychopathy and state failure; these are just some of the factors examined in the literature, which tends to emphasise the multiplicity of causes and the complexity of the issue. But whilst terrorism experts seem collectively unable to reach any firm conclusions as to the most significant causes of their object of study, the policy agenda, to which they largely orientate themselves, has focused increasingly on Muslims; and, with the usual disclaimers, the experts have followed. ISLAM AND TERRORISM Though political elites rarely refer to Islam per se as a principle cause of terrorism – a claim which though not uncommon is largely restricted to fringe movements – it is nevertheless widely assumed in policy circles that some extreme version of Islam has been a major driving force behind contemporary terrorism. Islamism, Political Islam, Wahhabism and Salafism are a few of the usual suspects appearing in policy pronouncements and the terrorism studies literature, along with more vague references to Islamic extremism, fundamentalism, radicalism and so on. So whilst Islam is routinely lauded as a religion of peace, and ordinary or moderate Muslims are usually invoked in distinction to the terrorists, radicals and extremists, contemporary political violence is still overwhelmingly seen as basically a Muslim problem, and it is largely Muslims who are targeted by counter-terrorism policies and practices. This may seems defensible, even sensible at a surface level. After all, evidence can be produced that suggests that Muslim groups are responsible for the majority of contemporary global non-state political violence. Consider, for example, the figures in the 2014 Global Terrorism Index, published by the Institute for Economics and Peace.

AbstractOne of P. F. Strawson's suggestions in "Freedom and Resentment" was that there might be an elegant theory of moral responsibility that accounted for all of our responsibility responses (our "reactive attitudes," in his words) in a way that also explained why we get off the hook from those responses. Such a theory would appeal exclusively toquality of will: when we react with any of a variety of responsibility responses to someone, we are responding to the quality of her will with respect to us, and when we let her off the hook (either for her action or with respect to her qua agent), we are doing so in virtue of her lacking the capacity for the relevant quality of will. Strawson's own attempt to put forward such a view fails, for reasons Gary Watson has given, but several other theorists have advanced their own, more developed,Pure Quality of Willtheories in recent years (including Scanlon, Arpaly, and McKenna). Specifically, there have been three distinct interpretations of "will" defended in the literature, yielding three different possible targets of our responsibility responses: quality ofcharacter, quality ofjudgment, or quality ofregard.My first task in this essay will be to show that none of these theories individually can captureallof our responsibility responses, given our deeply ambivalent responses to several marginal cases (e.g., psychopathy, clinical depression, Alzheimer's dementia). One reaction to this fact might be to abandon the quality of will approach altogether. Another, more plausible, reaction is to develop a pluralistic account of responsibility, one that admits three noncompeting conceptions of responsibility, each of which emphasizes one of the three different qualities of will as the target of a distinct subset of our responsibility responses. On this pluralistic approach, marginal agents might be responsible on some conceptions, but not responsible on others. In the bulk of the paper, I discuss each of the relevant subsets of responsibility responses, the different qualities of will they target, what the capacities for the three qualities of will are, and how the pluralistic qualities of will approach could account for our ambivalence in the marginal cases.

1. History Of Forensic Psychology, Jacqueline Helfgott & Joslyn Wallenborn -- 2. Antisocial Behavior Prevention: Towards A Developmental Biopsychosocial Perspective, René Carbonneau & Richard Tremblay -- 3. Cardiovascular Psychophysiology And Antisocial Behavior, Presley Mcgarry & Jill Portnoy -- 4. Moral-Cognitive Delay And Distortions, John Gibbs -- 5. Emotion And Emotion Regulation, Carlo Garofalo -- 6. Basic Personality Traits Perspective, Donald Lynam & Josh Miller -- 7. Callous-Unemotional Traits And Empathy, Sophie Alshukri, Kerry Lewis, And Luna Centifanti -- 8. Narratives Roles Of Criminal Actions, David Canter & Donna Youngs -- Attachment Theory And Offending, Gwen Adshead & Estella Moore -- 10. Influences Of Peer Relationships And Romantic Partners On Antisocial Behaviour, Jelle Sijtsema -- 11. Antisocial Personality Disorder, Jessica Yakeley -- 12. Borderline Personality Disorder Among Justice-Involved Populations, Madison Smith, Rachelle Kromash, Shania Siebert, Genevieve Allison, & Kelly Moore -- 13. Narcissistic Personality Disorder And Deviant Behavior, Tiffany Russel, Samantha Holdren, & Elsa Ronningstam -- 14. Schizophrenia Spectrum, Other Psychotic Disorders And Violence, Zhaorong Song, Rhiannon Corcoran, & Steven Gillespie -- 15. Psychopathy, Matt Delisi -- 16. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) And Offending, Suzan Young & Kelly Cocallis -- 17. Substance Use, Abuse And Disorder Within Forensic Psychiatry, Malin Hildebrand Karlén -- 18. Offenders With Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities, John Taylor -- 19. Forms And Functions Of Aggression, Morsal Yusoufzai & Jill Lobbestael -- 20. Juvenile Offenders, Michael Vaughn, Leslie Sattler, & Katherine Holzer -- 21. Adult Perpetrated Firesetting, Nichola Tyler & Magali-Fleur Bernoux -- 22. Adult Male Contact Sexual Offenders: Challenges In Classification And Theoretical Perspectives, Mirthe Noteborn -- 23. Homicide And Mental Disorder, Pauline Aarten & Marieke Liem -- 24. Domestic Violence: Intimate Partner Violence, Child Maltreatment, And Co-Occurrence, Sara Nichols & Amy Slep -- 25. Violence Risk Assessment: Research And Practice, Corine De Ruijter & Martin Hildebrand -- 26. Using The MMPI-3 In Forensic Assessment, Martin Sellbom, Dustin Wygant, Anthony Tarescavage, & Yossef Ben-Porath -- 27. The Good Lives Model: A Strength-Based Approach To Rehabilitating Offenders, Mary Barnao -- 28. Culpability And Accountability: The Insanity Defense, Gerben Meynen & Johannes Bijlsma -- 29. Common Psychological Treatments Used To Address Criminal Behaviour, Michael Daffern, Nina Papalia, Emily Stevenson, & Stuart Thomas -- 30. Forensic Schema Therapy And Safepath: Individual- And Milieu-Therapy Approaches For Complex Personality Disorders And Externalizing Behavior Problems, David Bernstein, Marjolein Van Wijk-Herbrink, & Truus Kersten -- 31. Ethical Issues In Forensic Psychology, Gwen Adshead & Estella Moore.

The Entrepreneurial Behaviour. Unveiling the cognitive and emotional aspect of entrepreneurship Chapter 1. The Entrepreneurial Behaviour. Unveiling the cognitive and emotional aspect of entrepreneurship; Andrea Caputo and Massimiliano M. Pellegrini Chapter 2. Evolving Differently from the Same Set of Pre-conditions: A Qualitative Longitudinal Study of Entrepreneurship Genius Loci; Massimiliano M. Pellegrini, Andrea Caputo, Cristiano Ciappei and Leo-Paul Dana Chapter 3. Entrepreneurship Education and Gamification: An Analysis of Students' Learning Outcomes; Afsnahe Bagheri, Amin Alinezhad and Seyed Mojtaba Sajadi Chapter 4. Narcissism, Machiavellianism, And Psychopathy: How do Displayed Entrepreneurs' Personality Dark Traits Influence Crowdfunding Success?; Simona Leonelli, Francesca Di Pietro and Francesca Masciarelli Chapter 5. Start-Ups, Innovation and Performance: an Empirical Analysis in the Italian Context Using SMAA-S; Melita Nicotra, Marco Romano, Ambra Castrogiovanni and Salvatore Corrente Chapter 6. The Target of Entrepreneurial Passion Under the Role of Passion Types and Culture: a Conceptual Framework; Ayca Kubra Hizarci-Payne and Ozge Ozgen; Chapter 7. The Role of Entrepreneurial Stereotypes for Commercial and Social Startup Intentions; Charlott Menke Chapter 8. Uncovering the role of commitment in the entrepreneurial process. A research agenda;Laëtitia Gabay-Mariani and Anne-Flore Adam Chapter 9. Developing Creative Virtuosities for Entrepreneurship: Perspectives from Four Arts-Based Metaphors; Fahri Karakas, Ismail Golgeci and Sally Dibby Chapter 10. The Role of Heuristics and Biases in Entrepreneurial Decision-Making when Creativity is a Necessity; Sid Hanna Saleh and Richard A. Hunt Chapter 11. Re-visiting Effectuation: the Relationships with Causation, Entrepreneurial Experience, and Innovativeness; Virginia Chaa, Yi Ruan and Michael Frese Chapter 12. Evaluation of decision making in family business mixing data based and socioemotional wealth considerations; Xileidys Parra, Xavier Tort-Martorell, Fernando Alvarez-Gomez and Carmen Ruiz-Viñals Chapter 13. Cognitive biases in the Venture Capitalist -- entrepreneur dyad: the role of entrepreneurs' experience in VCs' investment decisions; Anne Souakri Chapter 14. Why senior workers becoming entrepreneurs. Necessity or passion?; Raquel Ortega-Lapiedra Chapter 15. Gender and performance: preliminary evidences from Italian innovative SMEs; Michela Mari and Sara Poggesi Chapter 16. A micro-entrepreneur network as a community of practice boosting entrepreneurial activities; Anna-Mari Simunaniemi, Riitta Forsten-Astikainen, Kai Hänninen and Matti Muhos Chapter 17. The evaluative nature of entrepreneurial constraints; Anibal Lopez and Pedro Neves.

One hundred ninety-two convicted extrafamilial child molesters were followed for an average of 7.8 years after their conviction. The percentage of men who had committed a sexual, a violent, or any criminal offense by the 12th year was 15.1, 20.3, and 41.6, respectively. The sexual recidivists, compared with the nonrecidivists, demonstrated more problems with alcohol and showed greater sexual arousal to assaultive stimuli involving children than to mutually consenting stimuli with children. The violent recidivists, compared with the nonrecidivists, were more likely to have a history of violence in the families in which they were raised and were rated significantly more psychopathic on the Psychopathy Checklist—Revised (PCL-R). They also showed more sexual arousal to stimuli depicting mutually consenting sexual interactions with children than to adult stimuli. In terms of any criminal recidivism, recidivists were younger, had completed fewer years of school, and were raised in psychologically more harmful family environments compared with nonrecidivists. They also reported that, before 16 years of age, they were more likely to have been physically abused and were more likely to have been removed from their homes compared to those that did not recidivate. In addition, recidivists demonstrated more general hostility on the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory and were rated significantly more psychopathic on the PCL-R. The phallometric assessments revealed, that the criminal recidivists, compared to the nonrecidivists, showed more sexual arousal to stimuli depicting coercive sexual activity with children than consenting sexual activities with children. In addition, they showed more sexual arousal to scenes depicting adult rape then adult mutually consenting sex. Finally, the rcidivists also had more charges or convictions for violence and any criminal acts. The small number of significant differences between recidivists and nonrecidivists in the sexual and violent categories precluded an attempt to determine which combination of factors meaningfully predicted reoffending. However, for criminal recidivism, a stepwise discriminant function analysis to assess the combination of factors that most successfully distinguished between groups in terms of criminal recidivism was significant, with subjects' age, total number of criminal convictions, and pedophile assault index being retained for optimal prediction. The procedure correctly classified 70.6% of the original group, 82.8% of the nonrecidivists, and 52.6% of the recidivists. PCL-R Total Score alone was equally successful in a similar discriminant function.

Criminal justice -- Doing Ferguson and Baltimore at the intersection of racial oppression and hopelessness / Jason Michael Williams -- For abolition : prisons and police are more than brutality, they're state terror / Frank Castro -- Spider webs for the rich and mighty : an anarchist critique of criminal law / Colin Jenkins -- Education -- Pedagogy of the oppressed against Trump : communist pedagogy in the emerging mass movement / Derek R. Ford -- Academia's other diversity problem : class in the ivory tower / Alfred Vitale -- Marxism, intersectionality, and therapy / David I. Backer -- Freedom to dissent from Delhi to Ferguson / Meghna Chandra -- The courage of hopelessness : democratic education in the age of empire / E. Wayne Ross -- Against zombie intellectualism : on the chronic impotency of public intellectuals / Derek R. Ford -- Consequences of the 'post truth' era / Brayden White -- Democracy, higher education, and the ivory tower critique of neoliberalism / Jacob Ertel -- Gender studies -- Gentrification is a feminist issue : a discussion on the intersection of class, race, gender, and housing / Cherise Charleswell -- 'How much do you cost?' : a story of sexual neocolonialism / Sonasha Braxton -- Interdisciplinary feminism : why building alliances is critical / Cherise Charleswell -- Labor issues -- Capitalism, exploitation, and degradation / Nicholas Partyka -- Deconstructing workplace hierarchies : on the paradox of contrived leadership and arbitrary positions of power / Colin Jenkins -- Politics and government -- 'Our revolution' is not a revolutionary movement / Dan Arel -- American cartel : how America's two major parties helped destroy democracy / Frank Castro -- Notes on the peaceful transition of power : the continuity of violence in America's imperial democracy / Bryant William Sculos -- Power politics and the empire of economics : an introduction / Andrew Gavin Marshall -- Russophobia and the logic of imperialism / Ava Lipatti -- The question of hierarchy : an interview with Colin Jenkins / Brenan Daniels -- The working class, the election, and Trump : an interview with Sean Posey / Brenan Daniels -- Race and ethnicity -- Salt in the wounded knee : psychopathy in the commemoration of genocide / Sonasha Braxton -- The ancestors, Africanism, and democracy / Nyonsuabeleah Kollue -- The black working class and the early civil rights movement / Devon Bowers -- The monarchy of materialism : understanding white fragility / Sonia Calista -- Social economics -- 'Thuggin' in Baltimore city : capitalism and the political economy of 'breaking slaves' / Asha Layne -- Expropriation or bust : on the illegitimacy of wealth and why it must be recuperated / Colin Jenkins -- The bosses' utopia : dystopia and the American company town / Nicholas Partyka -- The science of corrosive inequality / Nicholas Partyka -- Social movement studies -- Americanism personified : why fascism has always been an inevitable outcome of the American project / Colin Jenkins -- Identity, inc. : liberal multiculturalism and the political economy of identity politics / Jacob Ertel -- Rethinking the Marxist conception of revolution / Chris Wright -- Society and culture -- Eternal fascism and the southern ideology / Brunger -- Gangsters for capitalism : why the U.S. working class enlists / Colin Jenkins -- Institutionalizing lone-wolf terrorism : how fascist organizations inspire mass violence / Shane Burley -- Spirituality and religion -- Islamophobia and the rise of Trump / P. Joshua Hatala -- Religion and the Russian revolution / P. Joshua Hatala -- A critique of David Harvey's conception of the people's republic of China / Collin Chambers

Preface: human aggression : how far have we come? / Jane L. Ireland, Philip Birch, Carol A Ireland -- Understanding general aggression -- The development of aggression in childhood and adolescence : a focus on relationships / Debra Pepler -- Sex differences in aggression / Kaj Bjorkqvist, Karin Osterman -- Hegemonic masculinity and aggression / Ruschelle M. Leone, Dominic J. Parrott -- The biology of human aggression / Tracy A. Bedrosian, Randy J. Nelson -- Aggression motivation and inhibition : theoretical underpinnings and a new model / Ioan Ohlsson -- Homicide adaptations / Joshua Duntley, David M. Buss -- Human aggression from a cross-cultural perspective / Douglas P. Fry -- Treatment intervention for aggression : promoting individual change / Jane L. Ireland, Syeda Batool -- Bullying across contexts -- Integrating multi-disciplinary social science theories and perspectives to understand school bullying and victimisation / Jun Sung Hong, Dorothy L. Espelage, Simon C. Hunter, Paula Allen-Meares -- Aggression in the workplace / Al-Karim Samnani -- Cyberbullying / Robin Kowalski -- Alterophobic bullying and violence / Stephen James Minton -- Relationships and family aggression -- Chapter13. violence to partners : gender symmetry revisited / John Archer -- Stalking and harassment / David V. James, Rachel D. MacKenzie -- Animal maltreatment in households experiencing family violence / Shelby Elaine McDonald -- Treating stalking behaviour : a framework for understanding process components / Philip Birch, Jane L. Ireland, Niki Ninaus -- Using the research evidence to inform the assessment and treatment of intimate partner aggression / Louise Dixon, Devon L. L. Polaschek -- Attitudes towards "honor" violence and killings in collectivist cultures : gender differences in Middle Eastern, North African, South Asian (menasa) and Turkish populations / Roxanne Khan -- Towards evidence-based treatment of partner violence in LGBT relationships / Erica Bowen -- Raising awareness, improving victim safety : exploring the efficacy of proactive domestic and family violence prevention measures / Philip Birch, Irena Veljanova -- Sexual aggression -- The development of sexual aggression : a tripartite model and a life span perspective / Howard E. Barbaree, Lynn O. Lightfoot, Robert A. Prentky -- Examining harmful sexual behaviour in male children : considering the implications for practice / Carol A. Ireland -- Females who sexually offend : theory, research, and treatment / Emily Blake, Theresa A. Gannon -- Assessment of sexual violence / Jan Looman, Jeffrey Abracen -- Thinking outside of the box : advancements in theory, practice & evaluation in sexual offending interventions / Kerensa Hocken, Neil Gredecki -- Contemporary and emerging issues -- The impact of violent media on aggression / Barbara Krah -- Homophobic and non homophobic aggression : examining its portrayal in print media / Philip Birch, Rebecca Ozanne, Jane L. Ireland -- Narrowing the scope of psychopathy in explanations of offending : towards an understanding of persistent violence / Evan C. McCuish, Raymond R. Corrado, Jennifer Yang -- Victims of violent crime : the emerging field of victimology / B. Roebuck, L.A. Stewart -- Psychosocial determinants of violence and trauma-informed implications for treatment / Deborah Horowitz, Margaret Guyer, Kathy Sanders -- Jihadi-salafi terrorism and violent extremism in the era of al-qaeda and the islamic state / Greg Barton -- Drive-bys in Chiraq or ethnic genocide in Iraq : can violent street gangs inform our comprehension of the islamic state? / Matthew Valasik, Matthew D. Phillips -- Gang violence and social media / Keir Irwin-Rogers, James Densley, Craig Pinkney -- Group process and gang delinquency intervention : gang activity regulation and the group nature of gang violence / Matthew Valasik, Shannon E. Reid, Jenny S. West, Jason Gravel

Foreword / Philip Zimbardo -- Introduction -- Setting the scene : the rise and coalescence of heroism science / Scott T. Allison, George R. Goethals, and Roderick M. Kramer -- Origins of heroism -- Attributes and applications of heroes : a brief history of lay and academic perspectives / Elaine L. Kinsella, Timothy D. Ritchie, and Eric R. Igou -- Why heroism exists : evolutionary perspectives on extreme helping / Sara Kafashan, Adam Sparks, Amanda Rotella, and Pat Barclay -- Adaptive foundations of heroism : social heuristics push advantageous everyday ethical behavior to heroic extremes / Gordon T. Kraft-Todd and David G. Rand -- The evolution and neurobiology of heroism / Stephanie D. Preston -- Character development and the emergence of heroic leadership : towards a relational developmental systems-based model / Kristina Schmid Callina, Richard M. Lerner, Ettya Fremont, Brian Burkhard, Danielle Stacey, and Shaobing Su -- The moral character of heroes / Lawrence J. Walker -- Why and how groups create moral heroes / Ari Decter-Frain, Ruth Vanstone, and Jeremy A. Frimer -- The hero organism : advancing the embodiment of heroism thesis in the 21st century / Olivia Efthimiou -- Types of heroism -- Everyday heroes : determinants of moral courage / Anna Halmburger, Anna Baumert, and Manfred Schmitt -- Heroism in times of crisis: understanding leadership during extreme events -- Zeno e. franco -- Holocaust heroes : heroic altruism of non-jewish moral exemplars in nazi europe / Stephanie Fagin-Jones -- Heroism and wisdom in medicine / Margaret Plews-Ogan, Justine E. Owens, Natalie May, and Monika Ardelt -- Deviant heroes and social heroism in everyday life : activists and artists / Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Michael Condren, and Izabela Lebuda -- To become or not to become? : existential courage and the pursuit of desired identities / Roderick M. Kramer -- Heroism in the networked society / Dana Klisanin -- A training program in spiritually-oriented leadership : inner growth for outer change / Elsa Lau, Sarah B. Sherman, and Lisa Miller -- Career development and a sense of calling : contexts for heroism / Bryan J. Dik, Adelyn B. Shimizu, and William O'Connor -- Underdogs as heroes / Joseph A. Vandello, Nadav Goldschmied, and Kenneth Michniewicz -- Whistleblowers as heroes : fostering "quiet" heroism in place of the heroic whistleblower stereotype / A J Brown -- Processes of heroism -- The hero's transformation / Scott T. Allison and George R. Goethals -- Moral transformation : the paths to heroism, villainy, and victimhood / Amelia Goranson and Kurt Gray -- The impact of heroism on heroes and observers : stories of elevation and personal change / Jeanne Nakamura and Laura Graham -- Accidental and purposeful impediments to heroism / Craig D. Parks -- Heroic empathy: the heart of leadership / Ronald H. Humphrey and Laural L. Adams -- Heroic leaders and despotic tyrants : how power and status shape leadership / Anika Stuppy and Nicole L. Mead -- The intersection of purpose and heroism: a study of exemplars / Kendall Cotton Bronk and Brian R. Riches -- Heroism and the pursuit of meaning / Jeffrey D. Green, Daryl R. Van Tongeren, Athena H. Cairo, and Nao Hagiwara -- Psychopathy and heroism : unresolved questions and future directions / Brett A. Murphy, Scott O. Lilienfeld, and Ashley L. Watts -- The courage of one's moral convictions : exploring the two sides of heroism / Ronnie Janoff-Bulman and Prerana Bharadwaj -- Contributors -- Index

Contents -- Volume I: Definition, Conception, and Development -- Contributors Preface Part I History, Definition, and Diagnostic Issues 1 -- 1 Aggression and Violence: Definitions and Distinctions 3 -- Johnie J. Allen and Craig A. Anderson -- 2 Cultural -- Norms and Definitions of Violence Kirby Deater-Deckard and Jennifer E. Lansford -- 3 Legal -- Definitions of Violence and Aggression Cody N. Charette and Eric W. Hickey -- 4 The Development of Aggression From Early Childhood to Adulthood Richard E. Tremblay, Sylvana M. Côté, Julie Salla, and Gregory Michel -- 5 Gender Differences in Violence and Aggression Lee Copping -- 6 Online Misogyny Targeting Feminist Activism: Anita Sarkeesian and Gamergate, Melinda C.R. Burgess, Felicia Byars, Leila Sadeghi-Azar, and Karen E. Dill-Shackleford -- 7 Cross-Cultural Differences in Aggression Douglas P. Fry -- 8 Violence in the Family Donald G. Dutton, Katherine R. White, and Christie Tetreault -- 9 Mass Killing Charles R. Butcher, Charles H. Anderton, and Jurgen Brauer -- 10 Psychiatric Diagnosis and Violence: Description and Mechanisms Mark R. Serper and Yosef Sokol -- 11 Psychopathy, Violence, and Aggression Dennis E. Reidy and Megan C. Kearns -- 12 Introduction to Sexual Violence Ibitola O. Asaolu and Mary P. Koss -- 13 Hate Crime Phyllis B. Gerstenfeld -- 14 Violence and Moral Philosophy Bob Brecher -- Part II Biology 15 The Evolution of Human Violence and Aggression: The Contribution of Peace Ethology Peter Verbeek -- 16 Genetics of Aggression in Nonhuman Animals Anna V. Kukekova -- 17 Psychophysiology of Violence and Aggression Jonathan C. Waldron and Angela Scarpa -- 18 Neuroanatomy of Violence and Aggression Yaling Yang -- 19 The Role of Neurotransmitters in Violence and Aggression Klaus A. Miczek, Joseph F. DeBold, Kyle Gobrogge, Emily L. Newman, and Rosa M.M. de Almeida -- 20 Testosterone and Human Aggression Justin M. Carré;, Erika L. Ruddick, Benjamin J.P. Moreau, and Brian M. Bird -- 21 Animal Models of Aggression and Violence Sietse F. de Boer and Jaap M. Koolhaas -- 22 Interplay Between Genetic and Environmental Influences on the Development of Aggressive-Antisocial Behavior During Childhood and Adolescence Frank Vitaro, Mara Brendgen, and Richard E. Tremblay -- Part III Theoretical Accounts 23 Developmental Pathways to Aggression and Violence Sheryl L. Olson and Ka I. Ip -- 24 Masculinities, Aggression, and Violence Walter S. DeKeseredy -- 25 Protective Factors Against Crime and Violence in Adolescence Friedrich Lösel and Doris Bender -- 26 Cognitive-Behavioral Factors and Anger in the Occurrence of Aggression and Violence Raymond W. Novaco -- 27 The Developmental of Aggression and Violence Over the Life Span Jeffrey D. Burke -- 28 Addressing Children's Disruptive Behavior Problems: A 30-Year Journey With Stop Now And Plan (SNAP) Leena K. Augimeri, Debra Pepler, Margaret Walsh, and Michelle Kivlenieks -- 29 Does Alcohol Cause Violence and Aggression? Whitney Brown and Kenneth E. Leonard -- 30 Do Drugs Cause Violence? Kisha M. Radliff, Kathryn L. Zeanah, and Joe E. Wheaton -- 31 Does Poverty Cause Violence? Vania Ceccato -- 32 Do Group Processes Cause Violence and Aggression? Sabine Otten -- 33 Displaced Aggression is Alive and Well William C. Pedersen, Jennifer Ellison, and Norman Miller -- 34 Media, Violence, Aggression, and Antisocial Behavior: Is the Link Causal? Courtney Plante and Craig A. Anderson -- 35 Humor and Violence Charles S. Gulas, Marc G. Weinberger, and Kunal Swani -- 36 Is the Link Between Games and Aggression More About the Player, Less About the Game? Christopher J. Ferguson, Nicholas David Bowman, and Rachel Kowert -- 37 The General Aggression Model and Its Application to Violent Offender Assessment and Treatment Flora Gilbert, Michael Daffern, and Craig A. Anderson -- 38 On Automatic As Well As Controlled Psychological Processes in Aggression, From the Cognitive Neoassociation Perspective Leonard Berkowitz -- 39 Social Learning Theory and the Development of Aggression Jackson A. Goodnight, Sarah A. Wilhoit, and Angela Receveur -- 40 Frustration-Aggression Theory Johannes Breuer and Malte Elson -- 41 Behavioral Explanations of Aggression and Violence Michael M. Mueller and AjamuNkosi -- 42 Psychoanalytic Concepts of Violence and Aggression Svenja Taubner, Sven Rabung, Anthony Bateman, and Peter Fonagy -- 43 Social-Psychological Explanations of Aggression and Violence Barbara Krahé; -- 44 Violence and Aggression in Socially Disorganized Neighborhoods Renee Zahnow and Rebecca Wickes -- 45 Race and Gender Stereotypes and Violence and Aggression Melinda C.R. Burgess -- 46 Forgetting Everything We Think We Know: High Self-Esteem and Violence Joseph M. Boden -- 47 Strain Theory, Violence, and Aggression Lee Ann Slocum and Robert Agnew -- 48 Theories of Political Violence Ekkart Zimmermann -- Volume II: Assessment, Prevention and Treatment of Individuals Contributors Preface Part IV Assessment of Individuals 49 Principles and Foundations of Psychological Assessment Jane E. Fisher, William O'Donohue, and Stephen N. Haynes -- 50 Dyadic Conceptualization, Measurement, and Analysis of Family Violence Lindsey M. Rodriguez and Murray A. Straus -- 51 Assessment of Callous and Related Traits Eva R. Kimonis and Natalie Goulter -- 52 Physiological Measurement and Assessment Christopher J. Patrick and Sarah J. Brislin -- 53 Systematic Screening for Challenging Behaviors in Tiered Support Systems Jeffrey Sprague and Kathleen Lynne Lane -- 54 Psychiatric Assessment of Violence John S. Rozel, Abhishek Jain, Edward P. Mulvey, and Loren H. Roth -- 55 Psychoanalytic Assessment of Violence Jessica Yakeley -- 56 Psychopathy and Violence Colleen M. Lillard, Jennifer C. Johnson, and Michael J. Vitacco -- 57 Risk Assessment, Violence, and Aggression Catherine S. Shaffer, Adam J.E. Blanchard, and Kevin S. Douglas -- 58 Violence in Individuals With Major Psychiatric Disorders: Its Prediction and Treatment in Light of Heterogeneous Pathways to Violence Menahem I. Krakowski -- Part V Individual Interventions for Prevention 59 Preschool Life Skills: Toward Teaching Prosocial Skills and Preventing Aggression in Young Children Kevin C. Luczynski and Tara A. Fahmie -- 60 Teaching Gun Safety Skills to Children Raymond G. Miltenberger, Diego Valbuena, and Sindy Sanchez -- Part VI Individual Treatment: Therapies 61 Evidence- Based Practice and Children and Adolescents: What Works? What Works Best? Tia Navelene Barnes, Kristen Merrill O'Brien, Michelle M. Cumming, Donna Spencer Pitts, and Stephen W. Smith -- 62 Evidence-Based Practice and Adults: What Works? What Works Best? James McGuire -- 63 Applied Behavior Analysis and Treatment of Violence and Aggression James K. Luiselli and Joseph N. Ricciardi -- 64 Anger Management Graham Glancy, Stefan Treffers, and Michael Saini -- 65 Mindfulness and the Treatment of Aggression and Violence Nirbhay N. Singh, Giulio E. Lancioni, and Alan S.W. Winton -- 66 Third Wave Therapies and the Treatment of Violence and Aggression Amie Zarling and Ashley Taylor -- 67 Parent Training and the Treatment of Violence and Aggression Linda Anne Valle and Jennifer W. Kaminski -- 68 Training Staff to Manage Violence and Aggression Richard Whittington and Owen Price -- 69 Psychodynamic Treatment of Violence and Aggression: Empirical Evidence and New Approaches Svenja Taubner, Peter Fonagy, Anthony Bateman, and Sven Rabung -- 70 Multisystemic Therapy for Violent and Aggressive Youths Charles M. Borduin, Alex R. Dopp, Lauren B. Quetsch, and Benjamin D. Johnides -- 71 Pharmacological Management of Aggressive Behavior in Psychiatric Patients Laurette E. Goedhard and Eibert R. Heerdink -- 72 Psychopharmacological Approaches to Aggression and Violence in Adults With Severe Mental Illness: What Works? What Works Best? Leslie Citrome and Jan Volavka -- 73 The Fast Track Project: Effects on Violence and Aggression and Related Outcomes Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group -- 74 Interventions Targeting Alcohol, Violence, and HIV: Current Evidence and Future Directions -- Lori A.J. Scott-Sheldon, Theresa E. Senn, and Tyler S. Kaiser.

1. Conceptual issues in personality theory / Susan Cloninger -- 2. Personality psychology of situations / Seth A. Wagerman and David C. Funder -- 3. Personality : traits and situations / Jens B. Asendorpf -- 4. Personality and emotion / Rainer Reisenzein and Hannelore Weber -- 5. The characterization of persons : some fundamental conceptual issues / James T. Lamiell -- 6. The trait approach to personality / Ian J. Deary -- 7. Methods of personality assessment / Gregory J. Boyle and Edward Helmes -- 8. Structural models of personality / Boele de Raad -- 9. The five-factor model of personality traits : consensus and controversy / Robert R. McCrae -- 10. Personality and intelligence / Phillip L. Ackerman -- 11. Childhood temperament / Mary K. Rothbart, Brad E. Sheese and Elisabeth D. Conradt -- 12. The development of personality across the lifespan / M. Brent Donnellan and Richard W. Robins -- 13. Models of personality and health / Marko Elovainio and Mika Kivimäki -- 14. Attachment theory I : motivational, individual-differences and structural aspects / Phillip R. Shaver and Mario Mikulincer -- 15. Attachment theory II : developmental, psychodynamic and optimal-functioning aspects / Mario Mikulincer and Phillip R. Shaver -- 16. Evolutionary theories of personality / Aurelio José Figueredo, Paul Gladden, Geneva Vásquez, Pedro Sofio Abril Wolf and Daniel Nelson Jones -- 17. Animal models of personality and cross-species comparisons / Samuel D. Gosling and B. Austin Harley -- 18. Behavioural genetics : from variance to DNA / Marcus R. Munafò -- 19. Neuroimaging of personality / Turhan Canli -- 20. Personality neuroscience : explaining individual differences in affect, behaviour and cognition / Colin G. Deyoung and Jeremy R. Gray -- 21. The reinforcement sensitivity theory of personality / Philip J. Corr -- 22. Semantic and linguistic aspects of personality / Gerard Saucier -- 23. Personality and performance : cognitive processes and models / Gerald Matthews -- 24. Self-regulation and control in personality functioning / Charles S. Carver and Michael E. Scheier -- 25. Self-determination theory : a consideration of human motivational universals / Edward L. Deci and Richard M. Ryan -- 26. Traits and the self : toward an integration / Michael D. Robinson and Constantine Sedikides -- 27. Personality as a cognitive-affective processing system / Ronald E. Smith and Yuichi Shoda -- 28. The storied construction of personality / Avril Thorne and Vickie Nam -- 29. Personality and social relations / Lauri A. Jensen-Campbell, Jennifer M. Knack and Madeline Rex-Lear -- 30. Personality and social support processes / Rhonda Swickert -- 31. Social pain and hurt feelings / Geoff MacDonald -- 32. Personality in cross-cultural perspective / Juris G. Draguns -- 33. Culture and personality / Robert Bogan and Michael Harris Bond -- 34. Personality and politics / Gianvittorio Caprara and Michele Vecchione -- 35. Mood and anxiety disorders : the hierarchical structure of personality and psychopathology / David D. Vachon and R. Michael Bagby -- 36. Personality and psychosis / Gordon Claridge -- 37. Diagnosis and assessment of disorders of personality / Stephanie N. Mullins-Sweatt and Thomas A. Widiger -- 38. Psychopathy and its measurement / Robert D. Hare and Craig S. Neumann -- 39. Personality and eating disorders / Natalie J. Loxton and Sharon Dawe -- 40. Personality and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder / Rapson Gomez -- 41. Personality in school psychology / Moshe Zeidner -- 42. Personality in educational psychology / Moshe Zeidner -- 43. Personality at work / Giles St J. Burch and Neil Anderson -- 44. Workplace safety and personality / Alice F. Stuhlmacher, Andrea L. Briggs and Douglas F. Cellar -- 45. Personality and crime / David Canter and Donna Youngs -- 46. Treatment of personality disorders / Fiona Warren.

Keynote address: Revaluing the orbital prefrontal cortex / R.J. Dolan -- Specialized elements of orbitofrontal cortex in primates / H. Barbas -- The orbitofrontal cortex: Novelty, deviation from expectation, and memory / M. Petrides -- Definition of the orbital cortex in relation to specific connections with limbic and visceral structures and other cortical regions / J.L. Price -- Role of orbitofrontal cortex connections in emotion / N.L. Rempel-Clower -- Perspectives on olfactory processing, conscious perception, and orbitofrontal cortex / G.M. Shepherd -- What can an orbitofrontal cortex-endowed animal do with smells? / J.A. Gottfried -- Taste in the medial orbitofrontal cortex of the macaque / T.C. Pritchard, G.J. Schwartz, T.R. Scott. -- The role of the human orbitofrontal cortex in taste and flavor processing / D.M. Small ... [et al.] -- The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in sensory-specific encoding of associations in Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning / A.R. Delamater -- The contribution of orbitofrontal cortex to action selection / S.B. Ostlund, B.W. Balleine -- Neural encoding in the orbitofrontal cortex related to goal-directed behavior / T. Furuyashiki, M. Gallagher -- Interactions between the orbitofrontal cortex and the hippocampal memory system during the storage of long-term memory / S.J. Ramus ... [et al.] -- Orbitofrontal cortex and the computation of economic value / C. Padoa-Schioppa -- Lights, camembert, action! The role of human orbitofrontal cortex in encoding stimuli, rewards, and choices / J.P. O'Doherty -- Orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala contributions to affect and action in primates / E.A. Murray, A. Izquierdo -- Synergistic and regulatory effects of orbitofrontal cortex on amygdala-dependent appetitive behavior / A.C. Roberts, K. Reekie, K. Braesicle -- Reconciling the roles of orbitofrontal cortex in reversal learning and the encoding of outcome expectancies / G. Schoenbaum ... [et al.] -- Flexible neural representations of value in the primate brain / C.D. Salzman ... [et al.] -- The contribution of the medial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and dorsomedial striatum to behavioral flexibility / M.E. Ragozzino -- A comparison of reward-contingent neuronal activity in monkey orbitofrontal cortex and ventral striatum. Guiding actions toward rewards / J.M. Simmons ... [et al.] -- Orbital versus dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Anatomical insights into content versus process differentiation models of the prefrontal cortex / D.H. Zald -- Difficulty overcoming learned non-reward during reversal learning in rats with ibotenic acid lesions of orbital prefrontal cortex / D.S. Tait, V.J. Brown -- The role of orbitofrontal cortex in decision making. A component process account / L.K. Fellows -- Neuronal activity related to anticipated reward in frontal cortex. Does it represent value or reflect motivation? / M.R. Roesch, C.R. Olson -- Neuronal mechanisms in prefrontal cortex underlying adaptive choice behavior / J.D. Wallis -- Dysfunctions of medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortex in psychopathy / R.J.R. Blair -- The orbitofrontal cortex, real-world decision making, and normal aging / N.L. Denburg ... [et al.] -- Orbitofrontal cortex function and structure in depression / W.C. Drevets -- Symptoms of frontotemporal dementia provide insights into orbitofrontal cortex function and social behavior / I.V. Viskontas, K.L. Possin, B.L. Miller -- The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in anxiety disorders / M.R. Milad, S.L. Rauch -- Vulnerability of the orbitofrontal cortex to age-associated structural and functional brain changes / S.M. Resnick ... [et al.] -- The orbital prefrontal cortex and drug addiction in laboratory animals and humans / B.J. Everitt ... [et al.] -- Neural correlates of inflexible behavior in the orbitofrontal-amygdalar circuit after cocaine exposure / T.A. Stalnaker ... [et al.] -- Orbitofrontal cortex and cognitive-motivational impairments in psychostimulant addiction. Evidence from experiments in the non-human primate / P. Olausson ... [et al.] -- The orbitofrontal cortex, impulsivity, and addiction. Probing orbitofrontal dysfunction at the neural, neurochemical, and molecular level / C.A. Winstanley

Introduction. The Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ), developed on the basis of J.Haidt's moral foundations theory, has become a popular tool for studying morality. The questionnaire contains five scales corresponding to moral foundations – namely, harm/care, fairness/reciprocity, in-group/loyalty, authority/respect, and purity/sanctity. Despite moderate reliability of the scales, the technique can be instrumental in identifying moral foundations of social stereotypes and political beliefs in Russian samples, as well as in developing Russian instruments for diagnosing individuals' morality. This study presents the psychometric characteristics of the MFQ Russian version and provides new evidence of the relationship between moral foundations and other variables. Methods. To verify the validity of the proposed MFQ Russian version, we employed the Portrait Values Questionnaire (S.Schwartz) and the Short Dark Triad questionnaire (M.S.Egorova et al.) for measuring Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism. The Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR) was employed for evaluating respondents' tendency to social desirability (E.N.Osin's adaptation). Socio-demographic characteristics were identified using a special questionnaire. Results. Testing the modified version of the questionnaire on a sample comprised of 354 individual participants showed a moderate reliability of five primary scales (0.62–0.68) and a good reliability of secondary scales (0.79–0.84). The factor structure of the MFQ Russian version demonstrated a satisfactory level of matching the original technique. The respondents' answers reflected a moderate level of social desirability. The scales of moral foundations and secondary scales ('ethics of autonomy' and 'ethics of community') showed the expected relationship with values, negative personality traits, religiosity, and gender. Discussion. The unique outcome of pilot testing of the MFQ Russian version was the demonstration of a direct relationship between the individualizing and uniting moral foundations. All other results are in good agreement with the predictions of moral foundations theory and with the conclusions of previous studies. ; Введение. Разработанный на основе теории моральных оснований Дж.Хайдта «Опросник моральных оснований» (MFQ) стал популярным инструментом в зарубежных исследованиях морали. Он включает пять соответствующих моральным основаниям шкал: «забота», «справедливость», «лояльность группе», «уважение» и «чистота». Несмотря на умеренную надежность шкал, методика может оказаться полезной для исследования моральных основ социальных стереотипов и политических убеждений в русскоязычных выборках, а также для разработки отечественных методик диагностики моральной сферы. В данном исследовании впервые представлены психометрические характеристики русскоязычной версии опросника моральных оснований и приведены новые данные о связи моральных оснований с другими качествами. Методы. Для проверки валидности предложенной русскоязычной версии опросника моральных оснований использовались «Портретный ценностный опросник» (Ш.Шварц) и «Короткий опросник Темной триады», направленный на измерение макиавеллизма, психопатии и нарциссизма (М.С.Егорова и др.). Для анализа подверженности ответов тенденции к социальной желательности использовался опросник социальной желательности BIDR (адаптация Е.Н.Осина). Социально-демографические характеристики были выявлены с помощью специальной анкеты. Результаты. По итогам апробации адаптированной версии методики на выборке из 354человек сделаны выводы об умеренной надежности пяти первичных шкал (0.62–0.68) и хорошей надежности шкал второго уровня (0.79–0.84). Факторная структура русскоязычной версии показывает удовлетворительное соответствие оригиналу. Выявлена умеренная подверженность ответов тенденции к социальной желательности. Анализ валидности показал, что шкалы моральных оснований и шкалы второго уровня («этика автономии» и «этика сообщества») демонстрируют ожидаемые связи с ценностями, негативными чертами личности, религиозностью и полом. Обсуждение результатов. Особенностью русскоязычной версии является наличие прямых связей между индивидуализирующими и сплачивающими моральными основаниями. Тем не менее, остальные результаты хорошо соответствуют предсказаниям теории моральных оснований и выводам, полученным в зарубежных исследованиях.

16 páginas ; La salud mental en la población es un fenómeno que está íntimamente determinado por factores sociales, ambientales, biológicos y psicológicos; en este sentido, lograr que la población conserve la salud mental, depende, en gran parte, de la intervención del gobierno como estado paternalista, como se había implementado en años anteriores, en donde el estado era un sistema parecido al de Otón Bismark, que se encargaba de la protección de la población, de atención médica y pensiones, por medio de un sistema de seguridad social encargado por el Estado. Lo que se busca con esta investigación es encontrar lagunas legales y crear una ley en salud mental que la vista como derecho humano y tenga una esencia bioética. La creación de una ley en materia de salud mental a nivel nacional es fundamental ya que justificaría muchas de las acciones del pueblo y de sus gobernantes, que dejaría, en claro, la esencia de los actos y la pluralidad de ideas entorno a la creación de parámetros de política pública, en un estado de bienestar social. Como propuesta fundamental, seria calificar la salud mental de diversos gobernantes, nos atrevemos a considerar, y adelantar diagnósticos de psicopatía en muchos de los casos, esperando que nos disculpen los especialistas. ; Mental health in the population is a phenomenon closely determined by social, environmental, biological and psychological factors. In this regard, enabling people to retain their mental health depends largely on the intervention by the government as a paternalistic state, as was implemented in previous years where the state was a system similar to that of Otto von Bismark, responsible for the protection of the population, health care and pensions through a social security system mandated by the State. The intention of this research is to find legal loopholes and create a law on mental health to present it as a human right, with a bioethical essence. Creating a law on mental health at a national level is fundamental, since it would justify many of the actions of the people and their government, which would make clear the essence of their acts and the plurality of ideas regarding the creation of parameters of public policy within a social welfare state. A key proposal would be to rate the mental health of a number of rulers. We dare to consider and advance diagnoses of psychopathy in many of the cases, and hope that specialists can forgive us. ; A saúde mental na população é um fenômeno que está intimamente determinado por fatores sociais, ambientais, biológicos e psicológicos. Nesse sentido, conseguir que a população conserve a saúde mental depende, em grande parte, da intervenção do governo como estado paternalista, como se tinha implantado em anos anteriores, em que o Estado era um sistema parecido ao de Otón Bismark, que se encarregava da proteção da população, do atendimento médico e pensões, por meio de um sistema de segurança social encarregado pelo Estado. O que se pretende com esta pesquisa é encontrar lagunas legais e criar uma lei em saúde mental que a vista como direito humano e tenha uma essência bioética. A criação de uma lei em matéria de saúde mental no âmbito nacional é fundamental, já que justificaria muitas das ações da população e de seus governantes, que deixaria em evidência a essência dos atos e a pluralidade de ideias sobre a criação de parâmetros de política pública num estado de bem-estar social. Como proposta fundamental, seria qualificar a saúde mental de diversos governantes, nos atrevemos a considerar e adiantar diagnósticos de psicopatia em muitos dos casos, esperando que nos desculpem os especialistas.