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Nature versus nurture : redrawing the battle lines -- Darwin's legacy : selection and adaptation -- Darwinian medicine -- From bodies to behavior : population genetics and social life -- Architecture of the human brain -- Gendered brains -- The racialized brain -- Brain traits : the view from MRIs -- The search for IQ-linked genes -- Smart genes, big brains, and civilization -- Mean genes : the (un) holy grail of race-realism -- Girl growth : sexual maturation in black and brown bodies -- Testosterone tales of sex and aggression -- The AR gene : the "new testosterone."

Sociobiologists of human behavior, arguing that close inbreeding results in deleterious offspring, have proposed that natural selection processes have produced incest avoidance mechanisms in the human genotype. To support this evolutionary hypothesis, universal cultural incest proscriptions and research indicating a close compliance with these taboos are cited. Additional evidence from population genetics, ethology, and human community studies is also offered as evidential support. In this article I argue that the research cited in support of a biological basis for incest avoidance does not justify these resolute conclusions.

AbstractFor over two decades, scholars in the humanities and social sciences have attended warily and thoughtfully to the growing influence of biological and especially genetics‐based explanations of human behavior. Concern about genetic determinism has formed a focal point of this attention, because it was presumed to provide a lynchpin for discriminatory effects arising from genetics technologies. Substantial empirical research has now demonstrated that genetic determinism is in fact linked to discriminatory attitudes including prejudice, Social Dominance Orientation, sexism, and racism. Fortunately, however, the research has also indicated that most lay people's deployment of genetic determinism is both limited and strategic, primarily serving self‐interests such as protecting valued behaviors (which are not health conducive) or avoiding blame. The disjunction between predictions based on existing social theories of discourse and empirical research on individual‐level practices highlights the need for a theoretical integration of biological biases, individual actions, and social structures in future social theories, especially theories about health behaviors, science studies, and public understanding of science.

Part I. Understanding Suicidal Behaviour -- -- Suicide in the Western world / C.H. Cantor -- Suicide in Asia and the Far East / A.T.A. Cheng and C.-S. Lee -- Attempted suicide : patterns and trends / A.J.F.M. Kerkhof -- Biological aspects of suicidal behaviour / L. Träskman-Bendz and J.J. Mann -- The psychology of suicidal behaviour / J.M.G. Williams and L.R. Pollock -- Ethology and suicidal behaviour / R.D. Goldney -- Psychiatric aspects of suicidal behaviour : depression / J.K. Lönnqvist -- Psychiatric aspects of suicidal behaviour : schizophrenia / M. De Hert and J. Peuskens -- Psychiatric aspects of suicidal behaviour : substance abuse / G.E. Murphy -- Psychiatric aspects of suicidal behaviour : personality disorders / M.M. Lineham [and others] -- Psychiatric aspects of suicidal behaviour : anxiety disorders / C. Allgulander -- Sociology and suicidal behaviour / U. Bille-Brahe -- The genetics of suicidal behaviour / A. Roy [and others] -- Pathways to suicide : an integrative approach / K. van Heeringen, K. Hawton and J.M.G. Williams -- -- Part II. Suicide and Attempted Suicide in Specific Populations and Circumstances -- -- Suicidal behaviour in children : an emphasis on developmental influences / C.R. Pfeffer -- Adolescent suicidal behaviour : a general population perspective / E.J. de Wilde -- Adolescent suicidal behaviour : psychiatric populations / A. Apter and O. Freudenstein -- Suicidal behaviour among the elderly / D. Harwood and R. Jacoby -- Sexuality, reproductive cycle and suicidal behaviour / J. Catalan -- Suicidal behaviour and the labour market / S. Platt and K. Hawton -- Repetition of suicical behaviour / I. Sakinofsky -- Physical illness and suicidal behaviour / E.N. Stenager and E. Stenager -- Ethical and legal issues / A. Leenaars [and others] -- Suicide and violence / M.K. Nock and P.M. Marzuk -- Suicide among psychiatric inpatients / M. Wolfersdorf -- The impact of suicide on relatives and friends / S.E. Clark and R.D. Goldney

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Ageism Revolution and Human Longivity Beyond Age 100 -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Illustrative Vignette -- 1.3 Defining Ageism -- 1.3.1 Three Levels of Ageism -- 1.3.2 Potential Causes of Ageism (Theoretical Level) -- 1.4 Evolution of Ageism -- 1.5 Why Is Ageism Important? -- 1.6 Age-Differentiated Behavior -- 1.7 Distinguishing Between Ageism and Age-Differentiated Behavior -- 1.8 Consequences of Ageism -- 1.8.1 Healthcare Professionals & -- Ageism -- 1.9 How to Avoid and Prevent Ageism -- 1.10 Chapter Summary -- Additional Resources -- Multiple Choice Questions -- References -- Chapter 2: Demography of Centenarians -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 International Studies on Centenarians -- 2.3 Geographic Clusters of Centenarians -- 2.4 Studies in the United States -- 2.5 Gender -- 2.6 Race -- 2.7 Socioeconomic Factors -- 2.8 Limitations in the Study of Centenarians -- 2.9 Conclusion -- Demography of Centenarians Review Questions -- Demography of Centenarians Review Questions: Answers -- References -- Chapter 3: The Genetics of Exceptional Longevity in Humans and Relevance to Healthy Aging -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Extreme Longevity and Families -- 3.3 The Biology of Aging -- 3.4 Longevity-Enhancing Genes in Humans -- 3.5 Chapter Summary -- Multiple Choice Questions -- References -- Chapter 4: Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Centenarians -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Case Presentation -- 4.3 The Rationale for Studying Centenarians -- 4.4 Difficulties and Limitations Studying Centenarians -- 4.5 The Aging Heart and Blood Vessels -- 4.6 Genetics Biomarkers -- 4.7 Clinical Management Considerations for Cardiovascular Disease -- 4.8 Blood Pressure Evaluation and Management -- 4.9 Hyperlipidemia Management -- 4.10 Congestive Heart Failure Diagnosis and Management.

This book is designed to bring criminology into the 21 st century by showing how leading criminologists have integrated aspects of the biological sciences into their discipline. These authors cover behavior and molecular genetics, epigenetics, evolutionary biology, and neuroscience, and apply them to various correlates of crime such as age, race, and gender. There are also chapters on substance abuse, psychopathy, career criminals, testosterone and treatment. While not trashing traditional ideas about these topics, the authors of these chapters show how biosocial concepts add to, complement, a

Article ; In the past decade, biobanking has fuelled great scientific advances in the human medical sector. Well-established domesticated animal biobanks and integrated networks likewise harbour immense potential for great scientific advances with broad societal impacts, which are currently not being fully realised. Political and scientific leaders as well as journals and ethics committees should help to ensure that we are well equipped to meet future demands in livestock production, animal models, and veterinary care of companion animals. ; published version ; http://purl.org/eprint/status/PeerReviewed

Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile portions of DNA that are able to replicate and spread in the genome of many organisms. TEs can be used as a means to insert transgenes in insects, being stably inherited throughout generations. Anopheles gambiae is the main vector of human malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa. Given the extraordinary burden this disease imposes, the mosquito became a choice target for genetic control approaches with the purpose of reducing malaria transmission. In this study, we investigated the abundance and distribution of Herves TE in An. gambiae s.s. from Cameroon and four islands in the Gulf of Guinea, in order to determine their genetic structure. We have detected a population subdivision between Equatorial Guinea islands and the islands of São Tomé, Príncipe and mainland. This partitioning associates more with political rather than geographic boundaries, possibly reflecting different mainland source populations colonizing the islands. ; publishersversion ; published

Критически анализируется научный вклад Г. Годдарда в развитие понятийного аппарата изучения умственной отсталости в США, практическая деятельность ученого в области диагностики состояния; рассматривается влияние психолога на проводимую в первой четверти XX столетия государством политику в отношении людей с нарушением интеллекта. ; In the paper we are analyzing the scientific contribution of G. Goddard in the development of conceptual apparatus of studying the mental deficiency in USA and scientists practical activity in the field of state diagnostics. We are also describing the psychologists influence on the state politics of the first quarter of XX century, concerning people with mental deficiency.

This article examines the recent political-cumepistemological criticism of reductionism in fields such as sociobiology, behavioral ecology, behavioral genetics, and IQ research. It identifies and challenges some unexamined assumptions underlying current "anti-reductionist" reasoning, especially the belief that there are inherent links between political motivations and scientific convictions, between "bad" science and undesirable political consequences, and between methodological and ontological reductionism. The author analyzes the conflict in scientific world views between anti-reductionist "weeders" and reductionist "planters." Paradoxically, in their criticism of research strategies routinely used by alleged reductionists, anti-reductionists often sound like arch-reductionists themselves. The author argues that the various linked beliefs in anti-reductionist reasoning should be uncoupled, not only for intellectual, but also for political reasons.

AbstractThe University of São Paulo Twin Panel (Painel USP de Gêmeos), based at the Institute of Psychology of the University of São Paulo, started formally in 2017. Our registry is new, but in only two years of formal existence, it comprises a volunteer sample of 4826 registered individuals (98% twins and 2% higher-order multiples), recruited at the University of São Paulo and by social media campaigns. Our main aim is to conduct and promote research with twins on psychological processes and behavior. The University of São Paulo is the largest higher education and research institution in South America, and the Painel USP de Gêmeos has great potential for fostering research on twin-related issues from a psychological perspective in Brazil and South America.

Dr. Irving I. Gottesman was very creative in applying twin research designs to test hypotheses and predictions about human behavior. Two designs stand out among others: twins reared apart from birth and the twin-family study. I (NS) was inspired to incorporate both of these approaches into my own research programs at California State University, Fullerton. Gottesman's involvement and contributions to reared-apart twin research are described, followed by selected findings from the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart (MISTRA), the Fullerton Study of Chinese Twins Reared Apart (CTA), a case report on separated monozygotic (MZ) female twins from South Korea, and doubly exchanged MZ male twin pairs from Colombia, South America. Recent findings from an ongoing twin-family study of social closeness, and future directions, are also presented.

The present study is the first to assess phenotypic correlations between alexithymia and the Dark Triad traits of personality in a community sample, as well as the common genetic and environmental factors underlying these correlations. Participants were 232 North American adult twin pairs who completed the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale, the MACH-IV, and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Results revealed that alexithymia correlates significantly and positively with psychopathy and Machiavellianism, and negatively with narcissism. Subsequent bivariate behavioral genetic analysis demonstrated that these phenotypic correlations were primarily attributable to common genetic and common non-shared environmental factors. The implication of these findings regarding the maladaptive functions of alexithymia within the antisocial realm of behavior and the need for replication are discussed.

Intro -- Contents -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 -- Adolescent alcohol misuse -- Introduction -- Prevention -- Predictors -- Imprint of genetics -- Conclusion -- References -- Section one: Alcohol and the Caribbean -- Chapter 2 -- The impact of exposure to alcohol advertisements on adolescents: A literature review -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Goals -- Methods -- Literature analysis -- Additional influences -- Limitations -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 -- Alcohol-related road traffic accidents in the English-Speaking Caribbean: A call to action -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Background -- Caribbean reality -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 -- The relationship between alcohol use and social and cultural determinants in Grenadian adolescents -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methods -- Data analysis -- Results -- Discussion -- Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 5 -- Alcohol misuse in adulthood following experiences of psychological maltreatment during childhood -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methods -- Adverse childhood experiences questionnaire -- Kessler psychological distress scale -- CICAD drug use questionnaire -- Procedure -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6 -- Gender and suicidal behaviour among adolescents who use alcohol -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methods -- Statistical analysis -- Results -- Gender and suicidal behavior -- Alcohol use and suicidal behavior -- Gender differences in suicidal behaviour among alcohol users -- Discussion -- Gender and suicidal behavior -- Alcohol use and suicidal behavior -- Gender, alcohol use and suicidal behavior -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7 -- The Jamaican Secondary School Survey: Parental influences associated with adolescent alcohol use -- Abstract -- Introduction

Biopolitics draws on the theory, substance, & method of the life sciences in analyzing human political behavior. The relationships between sex differences & politics can be explored from many perspectives within the social & natural sciences, correlating data from sociobiology, psychophysiology, ethnology, & endocrinology with known factors of social structure, political attitudes, socialization, & participation. In an introduction to the topic of biopolitics, theoretical history & recent research are reviewed. A crucial issue is the matter of sex-role socialization, ie, how & whether culture & genetics act together to evolve characteristics of leadership & political activity. 1 Figure. D. Dunseath.