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The article analyzes an intelligence agency acting provincial level (province of Santa Fe), which was not part of the police or military orbit and worked steadily between 1966 and the early 90s. It discusses its objectives and functions, rules, structure and agents, their actions and practices, recording the continuities and changes experienced over its decades of existence. It aims to contribute to a study of a particular case the knowledge of one of the gray areas, perhaps the most opaque, the exercise of repression in Argentina: the performance of the intelligence services. ; El artículo estudia un organismo de inteligencia que actuaba a escala provincial (la provincia de Santa Fe), que no era parte de la órbita policial o militar y que funcionó ininterrumpidamente entre 1966 y principios de los años 90. Se analizan sus objetivos y funciones, normativa, estructura y agentes, su actuación y sus prácticas, registrando las continuidades y los cambios que experimentó a lo largo de sus varias décadas de existencia. Pretende contribuir con un estudio de un caso particular al conocimiento de una de las zonas grises, tal vez la más opaca, del ejercicio de la represión en la Argentina: la referida a la actuación de los servicios de inteligencia.

La question d'origine de cette recherche s'inscrit dans le contexte d'actuels changements socioprofessionnels impactant les acteurs intervenant sur les champs de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Formation Professionnelle. Les activités pédagogiques n'échappent pas à cette tendance liée aux injonctions politiques, économiques et institutionnelles en matière d'innovation pédagogique « apprendre à apprendre ». Positionnée dans cet environnement depuis plusieurs années, sous une identité professionnelle « d'accompagnement pédagogique », force est de constater la nécessité de s'adapter aux changements qui sous-tendent le principe de développement économique d'un organisme de formation privé. Il en résulte l'émergence d'une dynamique d'innovation. Ces changements, ces nouveautés, ces créations amènent à s'interroger sur le processus et les mécanismes qui favorisent l'installation d'une culture de l'innovation. Apprendre de l'Innovation, pour accompagner un collectif de travail d'ingénieurs de formation en interactions avec des apprenants. Interroger non pas les méthodes pédagogiques mais bien plus les pratiques d'acteurs territoriaux à partir d'expériences et du regard porté sur le processus d'innovation, sous les prismes de l'individu et d'un collectif apprenant, trace le cheminement de cette recherche. Un premier niveau d'analyse met en lumières plusieurs concepts de sens « des rapports à l'innovation », « créativité », « intelligence collective », « construction identitaire » et « environnements capacitants » qui ouvrent une pluralité de pistes de réflexions et guident la démarche qui vise à entrer dans l'action. Cette dynamique d'innovation trouve son ancrage dans une « culture » qui se diffuse à différentes vitesses et se transmet de manière incertaine. La pluralité des acteurs ainsi que la mixité des environnements nécessitent un maillage fin et structuré pour mettre en oeuvre des actions, des projets et des partenariats constructifs. Un cheminement fait d'intentions et de volontés, à ancrer dans un cadre ...

AbstractWhile artificial intelligence (AI) has begun to transform individual lives, business operations, and public services, there has been a lack of discussion concerning its role in contributing to social good. Both academic research and practical evidence have often compellingly predicted and suggested AI's potential impact on the labor market, industry, and services, as well as the risks and benefits of disruptive technologies. With an emphasis on understanding the complex and uncertain nature of AI as well as the disparities in its benefits, in this article, the logic of participatory governance is examined, and it is posited that this governance is an appropriate governing mechanism for an inclusive AI that contributes to social good. This study also offers a set of policy recommendations by reviewing selected cases and the challenges that policy‐makers face at the national and global levels.

Executive director of the Government Accountability Project Beatrice Edwards makes this bold and saddening claim: the American Bill of Rights and Constitution are no longer the law of the land. Focusing on shocking revelations from whistleblowers such as Edward Snowden, she documents the rise of the "Corporate Security State" in America.

The use of digital employees (DEs)—chatbots powered by artificial intelligence (AI)—is becoming increasingly common in the service industry. However, it is unclear whether collaborations between the human employee (HE) and DE can influence customer outcomes, and what the mechanisms behind such outcomes are. This research proposes and tests a theoretical model that explains how the communication of HE-DE collaboration in the form of interdependent behavioral cues can influence customer evaluations of the service they received from such a team. Five experimental studies involving a total of 1403 participants demonstrate that making HE-DE collaboration visible to customers during the service encounter can reinforce their perception of HE-DE team cohesiveness and service process fluency, driving satisfaction. The communication of coordination and team goal cues are two strong stimulants that strengthen such impressions. Further, this research also reveals that the HE-DE collaboration (vs. augmentation or substitution) appeals to customers thanks to their perception of a transparent process, which is induced through collaborative cues. This research provides theoretical implications for a transparent collaborative process between HE and DE and practical advice for firms seeking to integrate DE into their organizations' workflows.

Though it lags behind the privatization of military services, the privatization of intelligence has expanded dramatically with the growth in intelligence activities following the 11 September 2001 attacks on the United States. The recent confirmation by the Director of the CIA that contractors have probably participated in waterboarding of detainees at CIA interrogation facilities has sparked a renewed debate over what activities it is appropriate to delegate to contractors, and what activities should remain 'inherently governmental'. The article surveys outsourcing in electronic surveillance, rendition, and interrogation, as well as the growing reliance on private actors for analysis. It then turns to three challenges to accountability: the necessary secrecy that limits oversight; the different incentives that exist for private rather than public employees; and the uncertainty as to what functions should be regarded as 'inherently governmental' and thus inappropriate for delegation to private actors. ; The 'Regulating Privatisation of "War": The Role of the EU in Assuring the Compliance with International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights" (PRIV-WAR) project is funded by the European Community's 7th Framework Programme under grant agreement no. 217405. ; www.priv-war.eu

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28765-7_67 ; This article presents the experimental work developed to test the viability and to measure the efficiency of an intelligent control distributed architecture. To do this, a simulated navigation scenario of Braitenberg vehicles has been developed. To test the efficiency, the architecture uses the performance as QoS parameter. The measuring of the quality of the navigation is done through the ITAE QoC parameter. Tested scenarios are: an environment without QoS and QoC man-aging, an environment with a relevant message filtering and an environment with a predictive filtering by the type of control. The results obtained show that some of the processing performed in the control nodes can be moved to the middleware to optimize the robot navigation. ; The work described in this article is a part of the coordinated project SIDIRELI: (Distributed Systems with Limited Resources) and COBAMI (Mission-Based Control) Education and Science Department, Spanish Government and European FEDER found. MICINN CICYT: SIDIRELI: DPI2008-06737-C02-01/02, COBAMI: DPI2011-28507-C02-02. ; Poza-Lujan, J.; Posadas-Yagüe, J.; Simó Ten, JE. (2012). Relationship between quality of control and quality of service in mobile robot navigation. En Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence: 9th International Conference. Springer. 557-564. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28765-7_67 ; S ; 557 ; 564 ; Vogel, A., Kerherve, B., von Bochmann, G., Gecsei, J.: Distributed Multimedia and QoS: A Survey. IEEE Multimedia 2(2), 10–19 (1995) ; Crawley, E., Nair, R., Rajagopalan, B.: RFC 2386: A Framework for QoS-based Routing in the Internet. IETF Internet Draft, 1–37 (1998) ; Bradner, S.: RFC 2026: The Internet Standards Process. IETF Internet Draft, sec.10 (1996) ; Object Management Group (OMG): Data Distribution Service for Real-Time Systems, v1.1. Document formal (April 12, 2005) ; Poza, J.L., Posadas, J.L., Simó, J.E.: QoS-based middleware architecture ...

Front Matter -- FDR Biographies / Kenneth E Hendrickson -- Eleanor Roosevelt Biographies / Norman W Provizer -- Pre-Presidential Career / Timothy W Kneeland -- Physical and Psychological Health / Robert P Watson -- The Election of 1932 / Donald A Ritchie -- The 1936₆1944 Campaigns / Sean J Savage -- Urban and Regional Interests / Stefano Luconi -- Minorities / Cherisse Jones-Branch -- Labor / Martin Halpern -- Business / Patrick D Reagan -- Opponents at Home and Abroad / Joseph Edward Lee -- FDR as a Communicator / Betty Houchin Winfield -- The New Deal / June Hopkins -- The Banking Crisis / James S Olson, Brian Domitrovic -- FDR and Agriculture / Jean Choate -- Conservation / Byron W Daynes -- Political Culture / Richard M Fried -- Human Rights / Wesley K Mosier -- The Institutional Presidency / Rodney A Grunes -- Political and Administrative Style / Margaret C Rung -- The Congress / John Thomas McGuire -- The Supreme Court / Stephen K Shaw -- The American Military / Lance Janda -- Science and Technology / Peter K Parides -- Intelligence / R Blake Dunnavent -- Relations with the British and French / Kevin E Smith -- Relations with Canada / Galen Roger Perras -- The Good Neighbor Policy and the Americas / Michael R Hall -- Relations with the Soviet Union / William E Kinsella -- Relations with China and India / William Ashbaugh -- Relations with Japan / William Ashbaugh -- Relations with Italy and Nazi Germany / Regina U Gramer -- Relations with Spain and European Neutrals / David A Messenger -- International Legacy / Mary Stockwell -- Political Reputation / Patrick J Maney -- Bibliography -- Index

The main target of this book is to raise the awareness about social networking systems design, implementation, security requirements, and approaches. The book entails related issues including computing, engineering, security, management, and organization policy. It interprets the design, implementation and security threats in the social networks and offers some solutions in this concern. It clarifies the authentication concept between servers to identity users. Most of the models that focus on protecting users' information are also included. This book introduces the Human-Interactive Security Protocols (HISPs) efficiently. Presenting different types of the social networking systems including the internet and mobile devices is one of the main targets of this book. This book includes the social network performance evaluation metrics. It compares various models and approaches used in the design of the social networks. This book includes various applications for the use of the social networks in the healthcare, e-commerce, crisis management, and academic applications. The book provides an extensive background for the development of social network science and its challenges. This book discusses the social networks integration to offer online services, such as instant messaging, email, file sharing, transferring patients' medical reports/images, location-based recommendations and many other functions. This book provides users, designers, engineers and managers with the valuable knowledge to build a better secured information transfer over the social networks. The book gathers remarkable materials from an international experts' panel to guide the readers during the analysis, design, implementation and security achievement for the social network systems. In this book, theories, practical guidance, and challenges are included to inspire designers and researchers. The book guides the engineers, designers, and researchers to exploit the intrinsic design of the social network systems.

PurposeArtificial intelligence (AI) is the most progressive commodity among current information system applications. In-house development and sales of beneficial products are difficult for many software development and service companies (SDSCs). SDSCs have some implicit concerns about implementing AI software development due to the complexity of AI technology; they require an evaluation framework to avoid development failure. To fill the void, this study identified the factors influencing SDSCs when developing AI software development.Design/methodology/approachBased on complex adaptive systems theory, three aspects were developed as the main factors of hierarchy, namely, employees' capabilities, environmental resources and team capabilities. Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) was used to assess the SDSCs' attitude. Based on SDSCs, attitudes toward implementing AI software projects were collected to calculate the hierarchy of factors.FindingsThe outcome of FAHP is used as understanding the key factors of SDSCs for selecting an AI software project, toward the improvement of overall project planning. Employees' stress resistance was considered as a priority for the project, although professional AI skills and resources were also important.Originality/valueThis study suggested three variables developed using complex adaptive systems. This study contributes to a better understanding of the critical aspects of developing AI software projects in SDSCs. The study's findings have practical and academic implications for SDSCs and subsequent academic development, broadening the scope of AI software development research.

Research on next-generation 5G wireless networks is currently attracting a lot of attention in both academia and industry. While 5G development and standardization activities are still at their early stage, it is widely acknowledged that 5G systems are going to extensively rely on dense small cell deployments, which would exploit infrastructure and network functions virtualization (NFV), and push the network intelligence towards network edges by embracing the concept of mobile edge computing (MEC). As security will be a fundamental enabling factor of small cell as a service (SCaaS) in 5G networks, we present the most prominent threats and vulnerabilities against a broad range of targets. As far as the related work is concerned, to the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to investigate security challenges at the intersection of SCaaS, NFV, and MEC. It is also the first paper that proposes a set of criteria to facilitate a clear and effective taxonomy of security challenges of main elements of 5G networks. Our analysis can serve as a staring point towards the development of appropriate 5G security solutions. These will have crucial effect on legal and regulatory frameworks as well as on decisions of businesses, governments, and end-users.

Abstract
The Third Man symbolically stands for espionage. Indeed, though its storyline concerns friendship and the hunt for an unscrupulous black-market dealer, the film has been connected to the Cold War struggle between intelligence services since its release in 1949. This perception is partly related to the film's setting—the bombed-out ruins of Vienna— which was then (and still remains) a major hub for spies. What has been less noted, however, is that the film's origins itself represent an espionage story. All major figures involved had a background in intelligence, from the author Graham Greene, to the producer Alexander Korda and the figure of Harry Lime, whose real-life model was the KGB mole Kim Philby. By drawing upon archival material as well as secondary literature, this article explores this other history of The Third Man and puts the film in the context of postwar Austria, and highlights how real-life events and personalities inspired its story.