Suchergebnisse

HIV/AIDS imposes enormous economic, social, health, and human costs and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. The challenge is particularly acute in Sub-Saharan Africa, home to two-thirds (22.5 million) of the people living with HIV/AIDS globally, and where HIV/AIDS has become the leading cause of premature death. But now, after decades of misery and frustration with the disease, there are signs of hope. HIV prevalence rates in Africa are stabilizing. This book sheds light on these concerns by analyzing the fiscal implications of HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa, the epicenter of the epidemic. It uses the toolbox of public finance to assess the sustainability of HIV/AIDS programs. Importantly, it highlights the long-term nature of the fiscal commitments implied by HIV/AIDS programs, and explicitly discusses the link between HIV infections and the resulting commitments of fiscal resources. The analysis shows that, absent adjustments to policies, treatment is not sustainable. But it also shows that, by accompanying treatment with prevention, and making existing programs more cost-effective, these countries can manage both treatment and fiscal sustainability. Even in countries where HIV/AIDS-related spending is high or increasing (as past infections translate into an increasing demand for treatment), the fiscal space absorbed by the costs of HIV/AIDS-related services will decline if progress in containing and rolling back the number of new infections can be sustained. The purpose of this study is to refine the analysis of the fiscal burden of HIV/AIDS on national governments and assess the fiscal risks associated with scaling-up national HIV/AIDS responses. The study complements and contributes to the agenda on identifying and creating fiscal space for HIV/AIDS and other development expenditures. The findings from this study, and the analytical tools developed in it, could help governments in defining policy objectives, improving fiscal planning, and conducting their dialogue with donor agencies.

Vol. 1: Protest and hope, 1882-1934 / Sheridan Johns (III). - 2nd pr. - 1978. - XXI,378 S. : Lit. S. 356-357. - (... ; 89). - ISBN 0-8179-1891-4; Vol. 2: Hope and challenge, 1935-1952 / Thomas Karis. - 1973. - XVIII,536 S. : Lit. S. 516-518. - (... ; 122). - ISBN 0-8179-1221-5; Vol. 3: Challenge and violence, 1953-1964 / Thomas Karis ; Gail M. Gerhart. - 1977. - XX,825 S. : Lit. S. 807-810. - (... ; 123) . - ISBN 0-8179-6231-X; Vol. 4: Political profiles, 1882-1964 / Gail M. Gerhart ; Thomas Karis. - 1977. - XXIII,178 S. : zahlr. Ill., Lit. S. 169-172. - (... ; 161). - ISBN 0-8179-6611-2; Vol. 5: Nadir and resurgence, 1964-1979 / Thomas G. Karis ; Gail M. Gerhart. - 1997. - XXIX,805 S. : 2 Kt., Lit.Hinw., Lit. S. 774-790. - ISBN 0-253-33231-1; Vol. 6: Challenge and victory, 1980-1990 / Gail M. Gerhart & Clive L. Glaser. - 2010. - XXXIV,778 S. : Ill. Kt., Lit. S. 737-754. - ISBN 978-0-253-35422-8

Der Sammelband fußt auf Arbeitskreisen der Hessischen Stiftung Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, durchgeführt zwischen September 2002 und Januar 2003. Fachleute unterschiedlichster Richtungen befassen sich wissenschaftlich mit den vielfältigsten Nuancen der gegenwärtigen Irakkrise. Die Situation Iraks und der beteiligten Staaten wird reflektiert, der Kontext der Irakpolitik der USA, die Rolle der UNO und Europas und die Stellung Deutschlands. Einen breiten Raum nehmen Überlegungen über die Situation nach einem möglichen Krieg ein. Der Band macht deutlich, wie komplex wirtschaftliche, regionalpolitische und weltpolitische Interessen gerade in diesem Raum sind. Obwohl die hier abgebildete Situation bald überholt sein dürfte, bietet das Buch doch eine Fülle von methodischen Beispielen für die Analyse internationaler Konflikte. (3) (Klaus Hohlfeld)

This book reviews the impact of globalization by examining, for example, how changes in global trading rules and regulations, the removal of trade barriers, and the elimination of many country-specific and commodity-specific agreements affect the economies of developing countries. In particular, it studies the effect of these factors on the agricultural sectors of these countries. Part I of the book (chapter 1) is a general background to the reviews of the experience of individual countries. It provides a survey of the debates over the benefits of globalization for developing countries and the merits of the development and trade strategies promoted by the World Bank and the IMF since the late 1960s. Part II (chapters 2-6) examines the effects of the changes in the global trading system and the impact of internal policy reforms in selected developing countries (China, India, Ghana, Kenya and Cameroon) on their economy and their agricultural sector. The reviews focus on the reforms implemented by these countries under their various structural adjustment programmes and their subsequent agreements as they joined the World Trade Organization (WTO). Part III (chapters 7-10) reviews the impact of a number of key changes in the rules, standards, and institutions that govern the global trading system under the WTO Agreements and their effect on the agricultural sector and on public agricultural research. The reviews cover the changes that followed the agreements on global standards for agricultural trade and intellectual property rights, the restructuring of the global trading system for many agricultural products in supply chains that are often dominated by multinational corporations, and the growing share of the private sector in agricultural research. Part IV (chapters 11-15) focuses more specifically on the necessary changes in the role and mode of operation of public agricultural research. The book has a subject index.

Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults. They arise in the glial tissue and primarily occur in the brain. Low-grade tumors of World Health Organization (WHO) grade II tend to progress to high-grade gliomas of WHO grade III and, eventually, glioblastoma of WHO grade IV, which is the most common and deadly glioma, with a median survival of 12-15 months after final diagnosis. Knowledge of the molecular biology and genetics of glioblastoma has increased significantly in the past few years, giving rise to classification methods that can help in management and stratification of glioblastoma patients. However, glioblastoma remains an incurable disease. Glioblastoma cells have acquired genetic and metabolic adaptations in order to sustain tumor growth and progression, including changes in energetic metabolism, invasive capacity, migration, and angiogenesis, that make it very difficult to find suitable therapeutic targets and to develop effective drugs. The current standard of care for glioblastoma patients is surgery followed by radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide. Although progress in glioblastoma therapies in recent years has been more limited than in other tumors, numerous drugs and targets are being proposed and many clinical trials are underway to develop effective subtype-specific treatments. ; This work received funds from grants PID2019-105010RB-I00 (Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities), UMA18-FEDERJA-220 (Andalusian Government and FEDER), group BIO 267 (Andalusian Government), as well as "Plan Propio de Investigación y Transferencia" (U. Málaga). The "CIBER de Enfermedades Raras" is an initiative from the ISCIII (Spain). ; Yes