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Kant's views about mathematics were controversial in his own time, and they have inspired or infuriated thinkers ever since. Though specific Kantian doctrines fell into disrepute earlier in this century, the past twenty-five years have seen a surge of interest in and respect for Kant's philosophy of mathematics among both Kant scholars and philosophers of mathematics. The present volume includes the classic papers from the 1960s and 1970s which spared this renaissance of interest, together with updated postscripts by their authors. It also includes the most important recent work on Kant's philosophy of mathematics. The essays bring to bear a wealth of detailed Kantian scholarship, together with powerful new interpretative tools drawn from modern mathematics, logic and philosophy. The cumulative effect of this collection upon the reader will be a deeper understanding of the centrality of mathematics in all aspects of Kant's thought and a renewed respect for the power of Kant's thinking about mathematics. The essays contained in this volume will set the agenda for further work on Kant's philosophy of mathematics for some time to come

Foreword — The Modernity of Rhetoric -- Formal Logic and Informal Logic -- Logic and Argumentation -- To Reason While Speaking -- Organization and Articulation of Verbal Exchanges: Question-Response Exchange in Polemical Contexts -- Argumentativity and Informativity -- Saying and Knowing -- Dialectic, Rhetoric and Critique in Aristotle -- Toward an Anthropology of Rhetoric -- Rhetoric-Poetics-Hermeneutics -- Rhetoric and Literature -- The Figure and the Argument -- Rhetoric and Politics.

I: Introduction: Language as Calculus vs. Language as the Universal Medium -- 1. Continental and Analytical Philosophy -- 2. The Interpretational Framework -- 3. Some Qualifications and the Main Theses of this Study -- II: Husserl's Phenomenology and Language as Calculus -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Formalism—Threat and Temptation—The Emergence of Language as Calculus in the Early Writings -- 3. Defending the Accessibility of Semantics Against Psychologistic Relativism: The Logical Investigations -- 4. Transcendental Phenomenology and the Calculus Conception -- 5. Summary of Husserl's Notion of Language as Calculus -- III: Heidegger's Ontology and Language as the Universal Medium -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Heidegger as Adherer to the Conception of Language as Calculus in his Early Writings -- 3. The World as a "Closed Whole"—The Period of Being and Time -- 4. "Language is the House of Being"—Language as the Universal Medium in Heidegger's Later "Thought" -- 5. Summary of Heidegger's Conception of Language as the Universal Medium -- IV: Between Scylla and Charybdis—Gadamer's Hermeneutics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Tradition and the Return of the Subject—Why Heidegger had Reason to Dislike the "Effective-Historical Consciousness" -- 3. Language as Universal Adumbration -- Notes to Part I -- Notes to Part II -- Notes to Part III -- Notes to Part IV -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.

1. The Aim of This Essay -- 2. Kinds of Egoism -- 3. The Plan of This Essay -- 4. Terminology and Conventions -- I Preliminary Matters -- 1. A Short History of Ethical Egoism -- 2. Kinds of Ethical Egoism -- 3. The Interpretation of Strong Egoism -- II The Debate on Ethical Egoism -- 4. Arguments for Ethical Egoism -- 5. Normative and Semantic Objections -- 6. Pragmatic and Other Objections -- III The Assessment of Ethical Egoism -- 7. The Strong Form of Ethical Egoism -- 8. Weak Forms of Egoism -- 9. Ethical Egoism and Rationality -- IV A Last Resort -- 10. Collective Egoism -- Notes -- Index (names and subjects).