Suchergebnisse

Palestine; women and children rights; international law

Trade is the most important integration link in the overall world production. After the Second World War it induced the establishment of economic integrations. In the last three decades international trade has been more dynamic than the growth of the world production. The data show that the commodity trade is the strongest component of the world purchase and sale, although the international trade in services has grown a bit faster than the commodity trade. However, the share of services in the world trade does not exceed 20 per cent. International trade has most developed among developed countries, keeping up the mutual development of foreign direct investments and know-how and technology transfer. The empirical research shows that apart from the benefits gained by capitalisation of comparative advantages the trade growth is also influenced by benefits resulting from the impact of the economy of scale, competition and spreading of knowledge. Reduction of tariff and elimination of non-tariff barriers constantly opens new opportunities to benefit from international trade in commodities and services. Commodity trade of OECD countries confirms that the volume of trade does not depend only on liberalisation of tariff and non-tariff barriers, but growth to a certain degree reflects the size of the country, geographic elements and transport costs. Therefore, the empirical works predominantly analyse the power of trade as an indicator of the manifested commodity trade, embracing the characteristics such as competition pressures, but not including some deeper political meaning. The previously mentioned factor is significant, since given the policy and competition small countries are naturally more dependent on foreign trade, although competition pressures among big countries largely result from competition inside themselves. A significant change in the trade structure has been recorded in the period of over two years. At first, intra-industrial trade became equal to traditional inter- industrial production, and afterwards it has even exceeded it. For a long time the factors of foreign trade growth have been disputable. The works of Baier and Berstrand show that income growth and reduction of customs produce the main impact on foreign trade growth. In their opinion liberalisation of trade within GATT and WTO is one of the main driving forces in international trade. Reduction of trade costs also produces some impact on foreign trade growth, while approximation of incomes is less significant. Badlinger and Breuss have explored the elements that in the last four decades of the last century made an impact on faster growth of inter-trade of EU-15 member countries. They have estimated the relative impact of the income growth, income equalisation as well reduction of tariffs and trade costs on the intra-trade of EU-15 member countries. The results show that the income growth increases by 70 per cent the intra-trade of these countries. Also, the European integration and liberalisation of GATT and WTO increase by 25 per cent the commodity intra-trade of EU-15.

"The necessity for the fundamental practice of regulating fair competition in a globalized world cannot be overstated. This promotes innovation, productivity, and serves as a safeguard against monopolies that could stifle progress. Regulating Fair Competition Toward Sustainable Development Goals is an insightful and comprehensive exploration of the vital link between competition law and policy and the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).At its core, this book delves into the crucial role of fair competition in fostering innovation and driving economic growth. By encouraging corporations to continuously seek novel ideas and invest in research and development, fair competition paves the way for improved productivity and cost-effective production. Moreover, this legal framework stands as a bulwark against monopolies, which can suppress innovation, limit consumer choice, and escalate prices. The editors deftly elucidate the importance of competition law and policy in creating an open and fair marketplace that benefits consumers, businesses, and the environment. Bringing together a distinguished collection of academics and industry experts, this book delves into a broad spectrum of topics, including economy, environment, energy, technology, employment, business, and management. By examining various perspectives, the book offers a nuanced understanding of the implementations and limitations of competition law and policy in the context of sustainable development. This timely and significant volume caters to a diverse audience comprising academics, students, policy makers, and government and private research institutions. Furthermore, industry leaders and corporations will find valuable insights on how fair competition can foster sustainable development, making this book a must-read for those seeking to navigate the intersection of competition law and the SDGs."--

This book discusses theoretical perspectives of analyzing the relations between the states and non-state actors in the Horn of Africa and their counterparts in the Persian Gulf and the Middle East. Crucially, these relations are examined primarily from the perspective of the diplomatic, economic, and strategic agency of the African states and societal actors. Here, domestic political dynamics and local power play a significant role. Aleksi Ylönen provides a historically informed investigation of recent relations that involve the Gulf States and Türkiye's resurgent interest in the Horn Africa. The analysis focuses on the post-Arab Spring period following the Iran nuclear deal and the war in Yemen. Featuring case studies from Ethiopia, Somalia, and Eritrea which highlight engagements of the Horn state and societal actors primarily with the Gulf States and Türkiye, the study provides an empirical analysis of the interactions and connections between the two regions.

Convergences in Pakistan-China Development: Perspectives of the Pakistani Ambassador -- Croatia and China in the Diamond Era of Bilateral Relations -- Future milestones in Switzerland-China relations -- China and Sri Lanka: Neighbourly Relations in a Rapidly Evolving World -- For a useful dialogue between Spain and China -- Status and Prospects of EU-China relations.

Chapter 1: Making Sense of the North Korea's Suryeong System -- Chapter 2: North Korea's Nuclear Armament and the Triad of Denuclearization -- Chapter 3: Marketization during Kim Jong-un's Era -- Chapter 4: Normal State and Social Requisite in North Korea -- Chapter 5: Popular Religion in North Korea.

"Examines how climate science, the policy-world, and neoliberalism have mutually informed and co-constituted each other in order to define the problem of climate change as one of 'market failure' - a diagnosis that implicitly restricts the imaginable solutions and concomitant policy debates to ones about how to adjust, improve, or otherwise rationalize the market. This book traces the history through which politics and science have intertwined and informed each other in order to confine debates about how to tackle climate change in ways that pre-empt any possibilities other than market-based solutions. In tracing the emergence of a conceptual apparatus that has come to operationalize greenhouse gases in terms of a singular and simplified unit (carbon) that can be commodified, and a logic that enables transaction of this unit on a global scale, this study offers insights into evolving novel forms of transnational governance and rationale for markets as governing tools"--