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hrsg. von A. Scobel ; Aus: Scobel : Geographisches Handbuch zu Andrees Handatlas

Die Volksrepublik China gilt als einer der wichtigsten Zukunftsmärkte weltweit mit seit Jahren konstanten Wachstumsraten um 9 %. Im weltweiten Textil- und Bekleidungshandel ist China einerseits als weltgrößter Produzent und Exporteur ein attraktives Produktions- und Beschaffungsland, andererseits bietet China auch große Chancen als Handels- bzw. Absatzstandort. Diese beiden Ansätze sollen in diesem Buch anhand der deutschen Textil- und Bekleidungsindustrie in China näher beleuchtet werden. Das Buch gibt einen Überblick über den Wirtschaftsstandort und bezieht dabei den Beitritt des Landes zur WTO und den Aspekt der Textilquoten ein. Das Investitionsland China wird analysiert, sowohl aus dem Blickwinkel eines Bekleidungsunternehmens, welches Absatzmotive (z. B. im Einzelhandel) verfolgt, als auch aus Sicht von produzierenden und beschaffenden Unternehmen, die kostenorientierte Ziele verfolgen. Das Buch beschreibt verschiedene Internationalisierungsstrategien und macht zugleich Chancen und Risiken deutlich. Es wird der gesamte Prozess des Markteintritts begleitet, angefangen bei Informationsbeschaffung und Wahl der geeigneten Markteintrittsstrategie, über die mögliche Partner- und Lieferantenauswahl, bis hin zur Verhandlungs- und Genehmigungsphase. Die Studie soll Unternehmen einen Eindruck von den konkreten wirtschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen vermitteln und aufzeigen, welche chinesischen Gegebenheiten bei einem Markteintritt zu beachten sind.

"This book is the third study done by the Research Group on Social Structure Change in Contemporary China, a group affiliated with the Institute of Sociology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. The group has focused on the process of development and change in contemporary Chinese social structure and come to the following conclusions. Contemporary China is transitioning from a traditional agricultural and rural society to a modern industrialized and urban society; from a highly centralized planned economy to a robust socialist market economic system. The entire society is undertaking an unprecedented evolution. During the three decades of reform and opening up, China has made brilliant achievements, never seen before in history. Now, China is in a critical period of reform and opening up, with very complex, far-reaching and closely intertwined social problems, which are also unprecedented. After deep and detailed analysis the Research Group believes that these problems cannot be resolved only by economic methods. In order to get to the roots of these social problems, China must develop new social policies, strengthen the social structure and carry out social system reform. The core purpose of the book is to recommend theories and methods on social structure to society and readers, and to investigate the development and change in China's social structure. We believe that social structure theory, a brand-new point of view to analyze the current situation, is capable of deciphering the social contradictions in China's development to some extent, as opposed to mere economic theory, which is inadequate to fully address the structural problems in China."--

AbstractBackgroundOver the past decade, the ascent of personalized medicine (PM) has catalyzed pivotal transformations in healthcare systems on a global scale. Recognizing its crucial importance, the European Commission has prioritized PM within its research directives, allocating funding for international collaborative projects, such as the "Integrating China in the International Consortium for Personalized Medicine" (IC2PerMed) project, which aims to facilitate China's integration into the International Consortium for Personalized Medicine (ICPerMed). This research presents the delineation and examination of existing policies governing PM in China, describing the regulatory framework that encompasses PM within the country.MethodsPubMed, Baidu.com, Google Scholar, Google, and Microsoft Academic as well as official repositories of national and international institutions, were searched to find publications and information pertaining to policies, programs, and action plans concerning PM in China in English and Chinese language. This search encompassed both national and local perspectives and covered documents published until December 2023.ResultsSixteen policies, 18 programs, and 11 actions in China on both national and local base addressing PM approaches and themes were identified. The policies mainly focused on genetics and human genetic resources management, and big data and data security requirements. China's strategic plans and programs emphasized PM's integration into national health strategies, mostly through 13th 5‐year plans and special plans. Finally, the action plans focused on specific applications of PM. The Health and Family Planning Commission and National Health Commission standardized molecular testing, physician approval, and clinical use of antitumor drugs.DiscussionIn recent years, China has implemented a variety of policy measures to address healthcare challenges, focusing on personalized treatment for an aging population. Despite increased government spending, challenges persist, including rising out‐of‐pocket payments and regional disparities. China is heavily investing in PM, utilizing extensive health datasets and diagnostic technologies. China has prioritized technological innovation and large‐scale data collection. While disparities exist between China and Europe, both aim to integrate PM insights into clinical practice for better healthcare outcomes.