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Cover -- Part One: Governance in the European Union -- A. Foundations -- I. The Proto-Constitutional Establishment of European Domestic Policy. Germans and the Conditions for Federal Order in Europe -- II. Law of the European Union: Institutions and Procedures -- III. National Representation in Supranational Institutions: The Case of the European Central Bank -- B. Multi-Level Decision-Making in the EU -- I. Enlargements and their Impact on EU Governance and Decision-Making -- II. European Hesitation: Turkish Nationalism on the Rise? -- III. Limits of Cultural Engineering: Actors and Narratives in the European Parliament's House of European History Project -- C. Governance of External Relations -- I. Mapping out a Euro-Mediterranean Strategy -- II. Transatlantic Leadership in a Multipolar World: The EU Perspective -- III. International Negotiations: The Foundations -- Part two: Regulation in the European Union -- D. Legal Pillars -- I. The Art of Regulation & The Ethics of Competition and State Aid -- II. The Role of the European Council in the European Union's Institutional Framework -- III. Frustration or Success: How to Negotiate EU Law -- E. Sector-Specific Regulation -- I. Cartels and Restrictive Agreements in the Liberalized Telecommunication Sector - EU and National Competition Law Enforcement -- II. Regulating the Railway: Innovative and Competitive Railways in Europe: Infrastructure Usage Charges and the Principle of Non-Discrimination -- III. Competition and the Water Sector -- F. Economic Pillars -- I. Emerging Varieties of Capitalism in the EU New Member Countries of East Central Europe -- II. Economic Security - Key Challenge of the 21st Century -- III. Policies for Coherence and Structural Change: the Quest for Cohesion

Furness, Mark: Exporting the security community? The EU and regional security cooperation in the Meditrerranean. - S. 5-26. Delcour, Laure: Shaping the post-soviet space? The EU, region-building and interregionalism in CIS countries. - S. 27-48. Van Damme, Steven: The European Union as a post-modern security actor? Defence reform in the Democratic Republic of Congo. - S. 49-66. Revelas, Kyriakos: The EU as a security policy actor and EU relations with South-East Asia. - S. 67-79. Mesquita Cela, Eleonora: The new approach of the European Union towards the Mercosur and the strategic partnership with Brazil. - S. 81-96. De Cock, Geert: Contrasting the US strategy of "competitive liberalisation" in the FTAA negotiations with the EU's neighbourhood policy. A test case for a constructivist analysis of multilateralism. - S. 97-114. Ondarza, Nicolai von: EU military development - an executive prerogative? Decision-making and parliamentary control on the use of force by the EU. - S. 115-136. Knudsen, Morten: The EU, the UN and effective multilateralism. The case of UN reform. - S. 137-153. Aoun, Elena: Beyond EU/US early contentions over the International Criminal Court. The development of the EU's loyality to the ICC. - S. 155-171. Ambast, Rohit and Vinay Tyagi: Ambassadors of Europe. An insight into the evolution of the European Union and international diplomatic law. - S. 173-189

By studying the factors underlying differences in trade performance across European economies, this paper derives six different 'trade models' for 22 EU-countries and explores their developmental and distributional dynamics. We first introduce a typology of trade models by clustering countries based on four key dimensions of trade performance: endowments, technological specialization, labour market characteristics and regulatory requirements. The resulting clusters comprise countries that base their export success on similar trade models. Our results indicate the existence of six different trade models: the 'primary goods model' (Latvia, Estonia), the "finance model" (Luxembourg), the "flexible labour market model" (UK), the "periphery model" (Greece, Portugal, Spain, Italy, France), the 'industrial workbench model' (Slovenia, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic), and the 'high-tech model' (Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, Belgium, Ireland, Finland, Germany and Austria). Subsequently, we comparatively analyse the economic development and trends in inequality across these trade models. We observe a shrinking wage share and increasing personal income inequality in most of the trade models. The "high-tech model" is an exceptional case, being characterised by a relatively stable economic development and an institutional setting that managed to counteract rising inequality.

In contrast to more usual interest-based accounts, this analysis of the Scandinavian national debates about EU membership focuses on the conflict between different normative standpoints on the implications of membership for the future of the Scandinavian exceptional state. The debates shared a number of crucial features, notably the prominence of exceptionalist (i.e. progressivist and internationalist) critiques of the European project, but distinctive national setttings also produced significant variations. It is argued that normative analysis of the debates identifies some key issues concerning the future of Scandinavian exceptionalism and, more generally, questions overly exogenous accounts of foreign policy change in small states. (Journal of Common Market Studies / FUB)

Published online: 9 November 2016 ; What drives processes of institution building within regional international organizations? We challenge those established theories of regionalism, and of institutionalized cooperation more broadly, that treat different organizations as independent phenomena whose evolution is conditioned primarily by internal causal factors. Developing the basic premise of 'diffusion theory' - meaning that decision-making is interdependent across organizations - we argue that institutional pioneers, and specifically the European Union, shape regional institution-building processes in a number of discernible ways. We then hypothesize two pathways - active and passive - of European Union influence, and stipulate an endogenous capacity for institutional change as a key scope condition for their operation. Drawing on a new and original data set on the institutional design of 34 regional international organizations in the period from 1950 to 2010, the article finds that: (1) both the intensity of a regional international organization's structured interaction with the European Union (active influence) and the European Union's own level of delegation (passive influence) are associated with higher levels of delegation within other regional international organizations; (2) passive European Union influence exerts a larger overall substantive effect than active European Union influence does; and (3) these effects are strongest among those regional international organizations that are based on founding contracts containing open-ended commitments. These findings indicate that the creation and subsequent institutional evolution of the European Union has made a difference to the evolution of institutions in regional international organizations elsewhere, thereby suggesting that existing theories of regionalism are insufficiently able to account for processes of institution building in such contexts.

What drives processes of institution building within regional international organizations? We challenge those established theories of regionalism, and of institutionalized cooperation more broadly, that treat different organizations as independent phenomena whose evolution is conditioned primarily by internal causal factors. Developing the basic premise of 'diffusion theory' — meaning that decision-making is interdependent across organizations — we argue that institutional pioneers, and specifically the European Union, shape regional institution-building processes in a number of discernible ways. We then hypothesize two pathways — active and passive — of European Union influence, and stipulate an endogenous capacity for institutional change as a key scope condition for their operation. Drawing on a new and original data set on the institutional design of 34 regional international organizations in the period from 1950 to 2010, the article finds that: (1) both the intensity of a regional international organization's structured interaction with the European Union (active influence) and the European Union's own level of delegation (passive influence) are associated with higher levels of delegation within other regional international organizations; (2) passive European Union influence exerts a larger overall substantive effect than active European Union influence does; and (3) these effects are strongest among those regional international organizations that are based on founding contracts containing open-ended commitments. These findings indicate that the creation and subsequent institutional evolution of the European Union has made a difference to the evolution of institutions in regional international organizations elsewhere, thereby suggesting that existing theories of regionalism are insufficiently able to account for processes of institution building in such contexts. ; peerReviewed