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Most research on non-competes has focused on employees; here we study how non-competes affect firm location choice, growth, and consequent regional concentration, using Florida's 1996 legislative change that eased restrictions on their enforcement. Difference-in-differences models show that following the change, establishments of large firms were more likely to enter Florida; they also created a greater proportion of jobs and increased their share of employment in the state. Entrepreneurs or establishments of small firms, in contrast, were less likely to enter Florida following the law change; they also created a smaller proportion of new jobs and decreased their share of employment. Consistent with these location and job creation dynamics, regional business concentration increased following the law change in Florida. Nationwide cross-sections demonstrate consistent correlations between state-level non-compete enforcement and the location, employment, and concentration dynamics illustrated in Florida.

There is a variety of factors impact on business environment, they are in different way to impact on. Objective of the paper is to analyse the importance of business environment in logistics transport development by assess three variables are investment of government, foreign investment and economy openness in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (HCM). Author uses Multivariate regression (MR) with time series data between 2010 and 2020. The main findings arewhile investment from the government budgetand foreign investment impact, openness of economy does not impact on Labour goods productivity. While investment from the government budgetand foreign investment impact, openness of economy does not impact on Labour passenger productivity. While foreign investment impacts, investment from the government budgetand openness of economy do not impact on Capital goods productivity. While foreign investment impacts, investment from the government budgetand openness of economy do not impact on Capital passenger productivity. Whileinvestment from the government budgetand foreign investment impact, openness of economy does not impact on Gross domestic products.

In today's connected consumer environment, customers are better informed and harder to please, but they also leave a more visible evidence trail in the form of improved databases and customer information. Consumers are increasingly interconnected through various sorts of social networks, a trend that is facilitated by recent advances in electronic media and telecommunication (i.e., MySpace, Facebook, Twitter and Cyworld). Consumers are also increasingly connected with brands and seek to play a more participative role in their relationship with companies, stimulating companies to reconside.

The country operations business plan (COBP) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for Mongolia, 2021 extends beyond the period of its current country partnership strategy (CPS), 2017–2020.1 The current CPS strategic priorities are extended under this COBP, and the COBP bridges the gap until a new CPS is prepared, which is currently planned for the second quarter of 2021. This approach has been agreed with the Government of Mongolia. The COBP is in line with ADB's Strategy 2030,2 and the overarching goal of the CPS is to help Mongolia in sustaining inclusive growth during a period of economic difficulty. Given that parliamentary elections were held in June 2020, the government has advised ADB to restrict the period of this COBP to 1 year to avoid prejudging the priorities of the new government and to hold a programming mission at an appropriate time. The COBP is aligned with the three strategic pillars that are set out in the CPS: (i) promoting economic and social stability, (ii) developing infrastructure for economic diversification, and (iii) strengthening environmental sustainability. The COBP will support the crosscutting themes that are set out in the CPS: public sector management and gender equity. The COBP also recognizes strengthening of portfolio performance as a priority. The country knowledge plan in the CPS continues to guide the COBP. ADB's knowledge operations will focus primarily on issues that relate to the three strategic pillars, as well as the crosscutting themes of public sector management and gender equity. The multidimensional nature of ADB's strategic focus provides a rich context in which to deepen knowledge cooperation within Mongolia.

Today, entrepreneurship is seen as a major driver for innovation, economic growth and job creation, with entrepreneurial competencies highly sought after by practitioners and policy-makers alike. Competencies considered entrepreneurial include knowledge about how entrepreneurs create value; skills in marketing, resource acquisition and opportunity identification; and attitudes such as entrepreneurial passion, self-efficacy, proactiveness and tenacity. There is widespread consensus in the literature that entrepreneurial competencies can be developed through entrepreneurship learning. This study adopts an existing framework for entrepreneurial competencies based on previous research to investigate the role and influence that simulation games can play in the development of cognitive (knowledge and skills) and non-cognitive (attitudes) entrepreneurial competencies. The paper showcases the many benefits of using business simulation as an effective mode for developing entrepreneurial competencies. Such competencies are not only beneficial for individuals working in an entrepreneurial context — but are transferable to any business context, bringing to the fore the importance of entrepreneurial learning for all students to develop such competencies.

The objective of this paper is to compare different time series methods for the short-run forecasting of Business and Consumer Survey Indicators. We consider all available data taken from the Business and Consumer Survey Indicators for the Euro area between 1985 and 2002. The main results of the forecast competition are offered not only for raw data but we also consider the effects of seasonality and removing outliers on forecast accuracy. In most cases the univariate autoregressions were not outperformed by the other methods. As for the effect of seasonal adjustment methods and the use of data from which outliers have been removed, we obtain that the use of raw data has little effect on forecast accuracy. The forecasting performance of qualitative indicators is important since enlarging the observed time series of these indicators with forecast intervals may help in interpreting and assessing the implications of the current situation and can be used as an input in quantitative forecast models.

The immediate problem facing the authors was replacing someone with the background and stature of Joseph Abboud with an individual or, as it eventually worked out, four individuals with differing creative backgrounds and levels of success that would be of benefit to the students (in the spring 2006 semester the course was offered to undergraduate business students) enrolled in the course. Replacing Abboud proved to be not as difficult as the authors originally imagined. Within a period of three weeks, four individuals with diverse backgrounds in film, music, sports entertainment, and entrepreneurship were identified and agreed to take part in the newly redesigned course. In hindsight, these individuals created a dynamic new learning environment for the students enrolled in this course, one they could not have benefited from previously. It should be kept in mind that the purpose of the class was, and continues to be, to offer business students the opportunity to hear from successful individuals from various creative disciplines and to offer students opportunities to hear of the challenges they faced and continue to face with regard to financing and marketing their respective businesses and careers. It is not unusual for individuals with creative backgrounds to have little or any experience or knowledge of the challenges with regard to financing and marketing their ideas. This, once again, was the onus for the development and continuation of this class.

This study seeks to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and job satisfaction among the administrative staff in higher education institution in Malaysia. The literature suggests that employee skills in general and emotional intelligence in particular, play a significant role in the success of completing their goals in the workplace and hence perceived greater job satisfaction. This argument, despite its popularity, remains elusive. This can be attributed to the fact that although a few studies have provided evidence to support this argument, it has not received an appropriate empirical investigation at all level of employees and their work role in a different industrial setting. This study attempts to narrow this gap by empirically examining the extent to which employees at university's non teaching roles with high emotional intelligence employed in public sector organizations develop positive work attitudes, behavior and outcomes. And therefore they perform well to sustain job satisfaction. Using a sample of 120 non teaching employees in University Perlis Malaysia, their EI were captured using a five point likert scale. Correlation statistics revealed that EI with its three dimensions, appraisal, utilization and regulation were associated significantly and positively with job satisfaction. The linear regression analysis result further confirmed the predictor nature of the three dimension of emotional intelligence for the job satisfaction.

One of the most important manuscripts survived from the thirteenth-century England, the documents known as the Hundred Rolls for Cambridge have been incomplete until the recent discovery of an additional roll. Offering new translations and additional appendixes, this invaluable volume updates the inaccurate transcription of 1818.

ResumoO estudo sobre Business Groups é tão complexo, quanto instigante. Além da presença em economias mais avançadas, os respectivos grupos estão fixados há muito tempo nos países em desenvolvimento; demonstrando assim, que essas organizações não são um produto do momento, um fenômeno passageiro. No entanto, as dificuldades em atribuir conceitos a esses grupos ainda preocupam muitos pesquisadores. Tais dificuldades passam pelas divergências entre a ideia de estrutura organizacional concebida a partir da ideologia encrustada nas propostas anglo-americanas e pela estrutura estabelecida perante a realidade das próprias economias menos desenvolvidas. Partiu daí, o desejo de realizar uma revisão literária que, baseada nos trabalhos de autores eruditos, reunisse ideias forjadas a partir das discussões sobre estruturação, desempenho, gerenciamento e propriedade. Ideias que, posteriormente, seriam transformadas em consensos. Nesse sentido, acredita-se que esse trabalho alcançou seus objetivos.

Thegrowth of business classes in Africa has attracted much interest since the 1980s when, in the context of severe economic malaise, the impact of the state on development was subjected to critical reappraisal.1Out of this emerged a consensus that the abysmal economic record of the 1960s and 1970s could, to a large degree, be ascribed to the debilitating effect of an overstretched and swollen state. Official development thinking took this argument the furthest: at the core of the problem, it was asserted, was the expansion of the state's rôle from the preferred minimalist function of providing the legal and macro-economic regulatory framework for capital accumulation, to a more profound intervention in the productive process. As a remedy, the state would have to be restrained from usurping the primary rôle which the market's invisible hand ought to be playing.2

We examine whether business groups' influence on cash holdings depends on ownership. Group affiliation can increase firms' agency costs or benefit firms by providing an internal capital market, especially in transition economies characterized by weak investor protection and difficult external capital acquisition. A hand-collected dataset of Chinese firms reveals that group affiliation decreases cash holdings, alleviating the free-cash-flow problem of agency costs. State ownership and control of listed firms moderate this benefit, which is more pronounced when the financial market is less liquid. Group affiliation facilitates related-party transactions, increases debt capacity and decreases investment-cash-flow sensitivity and overinvestment. In transitional economies, privately controlled firms are more likely to benefit from group affiliation than state-controlled firms propped up by the government.

One of the basic functions of the state is mitigation of fluctuations in the business cycle. Increased activity in the period of economic slowdown should be demonstrated both by the state budget and local government units. However, the effectiveness of state intervention depends on the condition of the public finance sector. Therefore, in conditions of economic recovery, the state not only should balance its budget, but also should try to pay off at least part of the previously incurred liabilities. According to the authors, the permanent lack of financial discipline of the state, in the near future, will contribute to the budgetary imbalance of communes and will cause serious disruptions in the functioning of local self-governments.

We consider how a firm dynamically allocates business among several suppliers to motivate them in a relational contract. The firm chooses one supplier who exerts private effort. Output is non-contractible, and each supplier observes only his own relationship with the principal. In this setting, allocation decisions constrain the transfers that can be promised to suppliers in equilibrium. Consequently, optimal allocation decisions condition on payoff-irrelevant past performance to make strong incentives credible. We construct a dynamic allocation rule that attains first-best whenever any allocation rule does. This allocation rule performs strictly better than any rule that depends only on payoff-relevant information. (JEL D21, D82, L14, L24)