Suchergebnisse

The European CORDEX (EURO-CORDEX) initiative is a large voluntary effort that seeks to advance regional climate and Earth system science in Europe. As part of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) - Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX), it shares the broader goals of providing a model evaluation and climate projection framework and improving communication with both the General Circulation Model (GCM) and climate data user communities. EURO-CORDEX oversees the design and coordination of ongoing ensembles of regional climate projections of unprecedented size and resolution (0.11° EUR-11 and 0.44° EUR-44 domains). Additionally, the inclusion of empirical-statistical downscaling allows investigation of much larger multi-model ensembles. These complementary approaches provide a foundation for scientific studies within the climate research community and others. The value of the EURO-CORDEX ensemble is shown via numerous peer-reviewed studies and its use in the development of climate services. Evaluations of the EUR-44 and EUR-11 ensembles also show the benefits of higher resolution. However, significant challenges remain. To further advance scientific understanding, two flagship pilot studies (FPS) were initiated. The first investigates local-regional phenomena at convection-permitting scales over central Europe and the Mediterranean in collaboration with the Med-CORDEX community. The second investigates the impacts of land cover changes on European climate across spatial and temporal scales. Over the coming years, the EURO-CORDEX community looks forward to closer collaboration with other communities, new advances, supporting international initiatives such as the IPCC reports, and continuing to provide the basis for research on regional climate impacts and adaptation in Europe. ; We acknowledge all participating institutions for their voluntary effort and contribution to EURO-CORDEX. We also thank the developers and maintainers of the ESGF-nodes who make it possible to store and distribute EURO-CORDEX data. S.S. acknowledges the support of NOTUR/NORSTORE projects NN9280K/NS9001K and the Research Council of Norway and its basic institute support of the strategic project on Climate Services. E.K. acknowledges the support of the Greek Research & Technology Network (GRNET) for provision of technical support and facilities (HPC-ARIS). L.S. and I.G. acknowledge the support of Croatian Science Foundation project CARE (2831) and Ministry of Environment and Energy project TF/HR/P3-M1-O1-0101 (www.prilagodba-klimi.hr). J. F. acknowledges support from the Spanish R+D Programme through grant INSIGNIA (CGL2016-79210-R), co-funded by ERDF/FEDER, and the Altamira Supercomputer at Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA-CSIC), member of the Spanish Supercomputing Network. P.T. acknowledges support from the Belgian Science Policy (BELSPO) within the CORDEX.be (BR/143/A2) project, and the VSC (Flemish Supercomputer Center), funded by the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO) and the Flemish Government – department EWI.M.A.G. acknowledges support from the Spanish R+D Programme through grants CGL2013-47261-R and CGL2017-89583-R, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund. RF acknowledges support provided by ICHEC (Irish Centre for High End Computing) and the Irish Environmental Protection Agency. K.G. and S.K. gratefully acknowledge the computing time granted through JARA-HPC on the supercomputers JUROPA and JURECA at Forschungszentrum Jülich. M.B. and T.H. acknowledge support by The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports from the Large Infrastructures for Research, Experimental Development and Innovations project "IT4Innovations National Supercomputing Center – LM2015070" and the INTER-EXCELLENCE program LTT17007, and support by Charles University from the PROGRES Q16 program. We acknowledge the approval and support of the two Flagship Pilot Studies (the FPS on Convective phenomena at high resolution over Europe and the Mediterranean and the FPS on Land Use and Climate Across Scales) by WRCP CORDEX. We thank Merja Tölle for providing simulation CCLM5-0-9-JLU as contribution to the CORDEX-FPS "Convective phenomena at high resolution over Europe and the Mediterranean". D. M., M.P., and H.T. gratefully acknowledge the support received via the projects HighEnd:Extremes, SPIRIT, and reclip:convex, funded by the Austrian Climate Research Programme (ACRP) of the Klima- und Energiefonds (nos. B368608, B960272, and B769999, respectively), as well as the Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC) for compute time on JURECA through the grant JJSC39 and the Vienna Scientific Cluster (VSC) through the grants 70992 and 71193

This thesis questions the interpretation of a political watchword aiming at reducing « early school leaving ». This research addresses the formulation and dessimination of this problem through the analysis of French and German political programmatic at different levels of the educational governance and which give school actors a crucial responsibility in fighting it. So the second aspect of this research is to highlight the perceptions that these actors have of this responsibility through questioning their understanding of the problem, embedded in the narrative of the "knowledge society", economically "more competitive" and socially "more cohesive". At the edge of the year 2020 (the horizon of the Europe 2020 Strategy that continues on the former « Lisbon strategy ») this thesis discusses the influence of the European Union on shaping domestic educational agendas, from the national level to even the principals'. But more specifically, it allows to highlight the structural, institutional and individual filters through which this issue is interpreted, which lead to different interpretations of the reality and usages. How far do the school actors perceive their responsibility in fighting against "early school leaving"? How do they identify their capacity to make the difference while facing some of their students' problems and difficulties that might influence their school trajectory negatively? Finally, how, on the whole, the school actors taken in all their diversity, tend to blame the school, the individual student and their environment or political choices for their early dropout or "negative participation", which sometimes leads schools to exclude the troublemakers? What legitimacy does this fight have in their eyes, in the light of the historical and selective nature of the French and German educational systems, and considering recent discourses that are alarmed regarding the expansion of tertiary education? Fighting against "early school leaving" and worrying about the "invasion" of the university, this sounds at first sight strange and contradictory! This thesis tries to grasp the whys and wherefores of this political fight in the name of better "equal opportunities" in and by school by analysing the perceptions of the actors in charge of realising them. ; Cette thèse porte sur l'étude de l'appréhension d'un mot d'ordre politique, à savoir la lutte contre les « sorties scolaires précoces » (« early school leaving »). Ce travail de recherche s'intéresse à la formulation et diffusion du problème à travers l'analyse de documents politiques français et allemands matérialisant sa mise à l'agenda à différents niveaux de l'action éducative. En cela, il cherche particulièrement à discuter le point selon lequel les acteurs de l'école auraient un rôle déterminant à jouer. Dans cette perspective, la recherche consiste également en une enquête concernant les perceptions qu'ont ces acteurs de ce problème construit dans les termes du projet européen d'une « Europe de la connaissance » compétitive, performante économiquement et socialement « plus » cohésive. Dans quelle mesure les acteurs de l'école perçoivent-ils leur responsabilité quant à la lutte contre les « sorties précoces » ? Ou encore leur capacité concrète pour peser face aux problèmes et difficultés diverses et variées qui peuvent influer négativement une trajectoire éducative ? Dans quelle mesure enfin les acteurs de l'école, pris dans leur diversité, tendent-ils à voir majoritairement dans l'école, chez l'individu et son environnement ou encore dans les choix politiques, la cause des « participations négatives » qui les conduit parfois exclure de leurs murs les éléments les plus perturbateurs ? Quelle légitimité accordent-ils à ce nouveau combat, à la lumière de la nature historiquement sélective des systèmes éducatifs allemands (Bade Wurtemberg) et français, et des récents discours qui s'alarment aujourd'hui de la « massification » de l'enseignement supérieur. Lutter contre les « sorties précoces » et s'inquiéter de « l'envahissement » de l'Université, voilà qui est étrange ! Cette thèse tente de saisir les tenants et les aboutissants de ce combat au nom d'une meilleure « égalité des chances » à et par l'école, et de la perception qu'en ont ceux en charge de la réaliser. A l'aune de cette année 2020 (l'horizon repris par la « Stratégie Europe 2020 » dans la continuation de la Stratégie de Lisbonne), cette thèse permet également de discuter l'influence de l'Union européenne sur les agendas nationaux, régionaux et locaux traitant d'éducation –jusqu'à ceux, parfois, des principaux. Plus spécifiquement, elle propose une lecture interactive de la traduction de ce mot d'ordre mettant en lumière les filtres de nature structurelle, institutionnelle et individuelle mobilisés dans les discours et les usages.

ABSTRAK Hartantyo, Hafid Tri. Pertimbangan Putusan Hakim Memberikan Dispensasi Nikah di Bawah Umur pada Penetapan Nomor 125/Pdt.P/ 2019/PA.Bbs.Skripsi. Tegal: Program Studi Ilmu Hukum Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Pancasakti Tegal. 2019. Negara dan pemerintah membuat batasan minimal umur sesorang dapat melakukan pernikahan, karena mempunyai kepentingan sekaligus kewajiban untuk mengawal dan mengarahkan perkawinan sebagai institusi sosial yang melindungi sekaligus mengangangkat harkat dan martabat perempuan. Namun, dalam keadaan memaksa mengenai pernikahan di bawah umur bisa dimintakan dispensasi ke Pengadilan Agama oleh kedua orang tua dari pihak yang ingin meminta dispensasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk: 1) mengetahui alasan pengajuan dispensasi nikah pada Penetapan No. 125/Pdt.P/2019/PA.Bbs, 2) mengkaji pertimbangan hakim dalam memutus perkara dispensasi nikah di bawah umur pada Penetapan No. 125/Pdt.P/2019/PA.Bbs. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (libraryresearch) dengan pendekatan penelitian normatif.Sumber data yaitu berasal dari data sekunder dengan metode pengumpulan data studi kepustakaan dan studi dokumen. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan secara secara normatif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa alasan pengajuan dispensasi nikah pada Penetapan No. 125/Pdt.P/2019/ PA.Bbs, yaitu kekhawatiran orang tua, tidak ada larangan menikah menurut syariat Islam, dan anak pemohon sudah akil baliq. Dasar pertimbangan hukum dispensasi perkawinan oleh Hakim Pengadilan Agama Brebes secara yuridis pada Penetapan No. 125/Pdt.P/2019/PA.Bbs adalah Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan Pasal 7 ayat (2). Majelis hakim tidak menggunakan pendapat kelompok ahli fikih yang mendukung bahwa perkawinan di bawah umur ada di dalam hukum Islam, yaitu konsep mashlahah mursalah untuk memberikan penetapan atas permohonan dispensasi perkawinan karena ketentuan pembatasan umur dan dispensasi perkawinan tidak dijelaskan di dalam nash, tetapi kandungan maslahatnya sejalan dengan tindakan syara' yang ingin mewujudkan kemaslahatan bagi manusia (kedua calon mempelai beserta keluarga). Konsep mashlahah mursalah yang terdapat dalam kaidah fiqh dan dijadikan pertimbangan dalam penetapan permohonan dispensasi nikah adalah "menghindari mafsadat lebih diutamakan untuk menjaga kemaslahatan". Sehingga, majelis hakim yang menetapkan perkara ini terkesan meyakini bahwa perkawinan di bawah umur tidak ada dalam hukum Islam. Kata Kunci: Pertimbangan, Dispensasi, dan Nikah. ===================================================================================================== ABSTRACT Rois, Inda Fikri. Hartantyo, Hafid Tri. Consideration of Judge's Decision to Provide Underage Marriage Dispensation in Stipulation Number 125/Pdt.P/2019/PA.Bbs. Skripsi. Tegal: Law Faculty Faculty of Law Study Program, Tegal Pancasakti University. 2019. The state and the government make a minimum age limit for a person to get married, because it has interests as well as the obligation to escort and direct marriage as a social institution that protects and lifts the dignity of women. However, in a state of compulsion regarding underage marriage, dispensation can be sought by the Religious Courts by both parents of those who wish to request dispensation. The purpose of this study is to: 1) find out the reasons for submitting marriage dispensation in Stipulation No. 125/Pdt.P/2019/PA.Bbs, 2) review the judges' considerations in deciding cases of underage marriage dispensation in Determination No. 125/Pdt.P/2019/PA.Bbs. This research is a library research with a normative research approach. The data source is derived from secondary data with the method of collecting literature and document study data. Data analysis in this study was carried out in a normative qualitative manner. The results of the study concluded that the reasons for filing a marriage dispensation in Stipulation No. 125/Pdt.P/2019/PA.Bbs, that is the concern of parents, there is no prohibition on marriage according to Islamic law, and the applicant's child is already baliq. The legal basis for marriage dispensation judicially by the Brebes Religious Court Judge in Stipulation No. 125/Pdt.P/2019/ PA.Bbs is Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage Article 7 paragraph (2). The panel of judges did not use the opinion of a group of fiqh experts who support that underage marriages are in Islamic law, namely the concept of mashlahah mursalah to determine the application for marriage dispensation because the provisions on age restrictions and marriage dispensation are not explained in the text, but the benefit content is in line with the act of syara 'which wishes to bring benefit to mankind (the two brides and their families). The concept of mashlahah mursalah contained in the fiqh rules and used as a consideration in the determination of marriage dispensation requests is "avoidance of prejudice is preferred to maintain benefit". Thus, the panel of judges who adopted this case seemed to believe that underage marriages did not exist in Islamic law. Keywords: Consideration, Dispensation, and Marriage

Abstrak Latar belakang penulisan skripsi ini adalah adanya ketidaksesuaian pencantuman berat makanan yang terdapat pada label kemasan dengan berat yang sebenarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1)mendeskripsikan bagaimana tindakan yang dilakukan oleh konsumen terkait shortweighting pada produk makanan industri rumah tangga di Kota Tegal, (2)mendeskripsikan bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen terkait shortweighting yang dilakukan oleh pelaku usaha makanan industri rumah tangga. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis normatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan fakta (the fact approach) dan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach). Teknik pengumpulan datanya melalui studi dokumentasi, wawancara dan observasi. Dan dianalisis dengan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan masih banyak pedagang/pelaku usaha yang menjual produk/barang yang tidak sesuai dengan berat bersih, isi bersih atau netto, dan jumlah dalam hitungan sebagaimana yang dinyatakan dalam label atau etiket barang tersebut. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa belum terpenuhinya hak-hak konsumen, sehingga pihak yang sangat dirugikan disini adalah konsumen. Konsumen cenderung mempunyai kedudukan yang lemah, baik karena posisinya maupun karena awam terhadap aspek hukum secara umum, khususnya pada hak- hak yang seharusnya didapatkan sebagai konsumen. Adapun tindakan yang dilakukan oleh konsumen terhadap pedagang/pelaku usaha yang menjual produk/barang yang tidak sesuai dengan berat bersih yang tercantum pada label barang sebagian besar sebanyak hanya memilih diam saja, dan sebagian kecil konsumen memberikan teguran bagi pedagang bahwa tindakannya telah diketahui konsumen. Konsekuensi hukum terhadap pelaku usaha yang menjual produk/barang yang tidak sesuai dengan berat bersih yang tercantum pada label barang tersebut, diatur secara umum pada UUPK, UU Pangan dan UU Metrologi Legal. Meskipun saksi telah diatur secara jelas akan tetapi pemerintah hanya memberikan sanksi berupa teguran. Perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen belum terpenuhi berkaitan dengan hak konsumen untuk mendapatkan ganti rugi akibat kerugian yang dialami konsumen. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diharapkan akan menjadi bahan informasi dan masukan bagi mahasiswa, akademisi, praktisi, dan semua pihak yang membutuhkan di lingkungan Fakultas Hukum Universitas Pancasakti Tegal. Kata Kunci : Perlindungan Konsumen, Shortweighting, Industri Rumah Tangga. ==============================================================Abstract The background of writing this thesis is the inclusion of inclusion of food weight contained on the packaging label with the actual weight. This study aims to: (1)describe how the actions taken by consumers related to shortweighting on household industrial food products in the City of Tegal, (2)describe the form of legal protection against consumers related to shortweighting undertaken by household industrial food businesses. This type of research is normative juridical research. The approach used is the fact approach and the statutory approach. Data collection techniques through the study of documentation, interviews and observations. And analyzed qualitatively. The results of this study indicate that there are still many traders/business actors selling products / goods that are not in accordance with the net weight, net or net content, and the amount in the calculation as stated on the label or label of the item. This shows that consumers' rights have not been fulfilled, so the parties who are most disadvantaged here are consumers. Consumers tend to have a weak position, both because of their position and because they are not familiar with the legal aspects in general, especially in the rights that should be obtained as consumers. As for the actions taken by consumers against traders/business actors who sell products/goods that are not in accordance with the net weight listed on the goods label, most of them choose to remain silent, and a small number of consumers give a warning to traders that their actions are known to consumers. The legal consequences for business actors selling products/goods that are not in accordance with the net weight listed on the label of the goods, are generally regulated in the UUPK, the Food Law and the Legal Metrology Law. Even though the witnesses have been clearly regulated, the government only sanctioned a warning. Legal protection for consumers has not been fulfilled relating to the right of consumers to obtain compensation due to losses suffered by consumers. Based on the results of this study are expected to be material information and input for students, academics, practitioners, and all parties in need in the Faculty of Law, University of Pancasakti Tegal. Keywords: Consumer Protection, Shortweighting, Home Industry.

A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Wolverhampton for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ; Background: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) use is a major public health burden and highly prevalent in Bangladesh. Over 20 million Bangladeshi adults are currently using SLT. Bangladesh Government had announced its vision to become a tobacco free country by 2040. Therefore, public health efforts focusing on preventing SLT onset among adolescents would contribute towards this vision. However, apart from national adolescent SLT prevalence from Global youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), no other information linked to adolescent SLT use is available to inform future interventions. Also, SLT use related health burden such as oral cancer is highly prevalent in Bangladesh. Globally, Bangladesh ranked third for oral cancer related death. Every year over 8,000 Bangladeshi adults lost their lives because of this deadly disease. Regarding the relationship between SLT and oral cancer risk, there is a disconnection between the study findings from the western countries and developing countries. With the diversity of SLT products and its content there is a need to produce local evidence. Therefore, the overall aim of this PhD research was to examine the factors contributing to adolescent SLT use in Bangladesh and the role of SLT in oral carcinogenesis among Bangladeshi adults. Methods: To attain the study objectives, in 2015 a cross-sectional survey (n=790, response rate 100%) in two rural secondary schools and a hospital-based case-control study (n=507; case:169 and controls: 338, case participation rate 92.86%) were carried out in Bangladesh. Results: The findings of the adolescent cross-sectional survey suggest that the ever and current SLT prevalence among rural Bangladeshi adolescent was 9.5% (75) and 3.7% (29) respectively. Males were the leading users of SLT. Zarda (80%) is the most common type of SLT used by the adolescents. Rural Bangladeshi adolescent started using SLT as early as seven years old and younger. Social sources (41.4%) were the most common source of SLT reported. Most adolescents (65.2%) were able to buy SLT from commercial stores without any restrictions. Many current SLT users (89.7%) wanted to quit SLT but professional help was not available. Overall, adolescents had good knowledge about the adverse effects of SLT use, though misconceptions about the addictive nature of SLT use were prevalent. Older age, self-efficacy, perceived barriers, perceived benefits and perceived severity were the significant predictors of adolescent SLT use. The findings of the hospital-based case-control study suggest a strong association between SLT use and oral cancer risk among Bangladeshi adults. Women [OR: 14.33 (95%CI: 6.33-32.42)] had the higher risk of developing oral cancer than men [OR: 5.29 (95%CI: 2.62-10.67)] from SLT use. Among men highest risk was observed among dual users (SLT and smoking) [OR: 17.23 (95%CI: 5.70-52.01)]. Both Betel Quid (BQ) with and without tobacco increased the oral cancer risk. However, the risk was lower for chewing BQ without tobacco than BQ with tobacco. The risk of oral cancer increased with the increasing frequency and intensity of SLT use. About 61% of all oral cancer cases in Bangladesh were attributable to SLT use. Among other oral cancer risk factors - bidi smoking, oral hygiene factors and leanness were associated with increased oral cancer risk. Conclusion: The findings of the present cross-sectional survey and hospital-based case-control study were comparable to existing literatures. Our evidence suggests that SLT use among rural Bangladeshi adolescent is low compared to other neighbouring countries. However, initiation of SLT at an early age is a public health concern. Lack of professional help to quit SLT and poor implementation of tobacco control laws were prevalent. Overall knowledge about SLT use and its ill effects was good, but misconceptions were prevalent. The case-control study demonstrated a significant increase of risk of oral cancer is associated with SLT use. Women had higher risk of developing oral cancer of SLT use than men. For men dual use of SLT and smoking was the major risk factor. Both BQ with and without tobacco was associated with oral cancer incidence. A large number of oral cancer cases in Bangladesh is preventable by tackling the SLT epidemic.

Modern transformation and globalization processes have covered all spheres of life of Ukrainian society, including social, political, economic, legal, cultural and educational spheres. The current nature of the problems facing the world community, primarily determines the joint search for ways to modernize education and science as a tool for shaping the individual, able to quickly adapt to today's dynamic environment and be competitive in the labor market. It is generally accepted that in most developed countries the modernization of education is a priority that ensures the socio-economic, political and scientific development of society. The illusion of complete self-sufficiency may be a resource for the survival of university education in Ukraine. However, with the integration of higher education into the EHEA, it is rapidly depleted. Self-isolation from the processes developing in the EHEA slows down the development of any higher education institution. For its own benefit, Ukrainian education needs to integrate into the EHEA, while preserving its national identity. As noted in many key documents of the Bologna Process, the transformation of higher education does not require its unification. That is why it is extremely important for Ukraine today to take into account the world experience in this area. At the same time, considering the best foreign practices in the formation of systems for training highly qualified scientific personnel, it is necessary to take into account all possible positive and negative consequences of their implementation in the context of domestic realities. The purpose of the article is to study current trends in the development of the European educational and scientific space in order to reform the system of doctoral education in Ukraine. The article presents an analysis of the development of organizational and legal support of doctoral education in Ukraine over the last twenty years in the context of integration into the Single European educational and scientific space. Particular attention is paid to the Law of Ukraine "On Higher Education" (2014) and the Law of Ukraine "On Scientific and Scientific-Technical Activity" (2015) in the parts related to doctoral education. Recommendations for making a number of amendments to the legislation are proposed, taking into account the experience of developed European countries. The basic principles of activity of the National Agency for Quality Assurance in Higher Education and the National Agency for Qualifications in comparison with the principles of functioning of similar European organizations are considered. ; Сучасні трансформаційні та глобалізаційні процеси охопили всі сфери життєдіяльності українського соціуму, включаючи соціальну, політичну, економічну, правову, культурну та освітню галузі. Актуальний характер проблем, що постають перед світовою спільнотою, зумовлює у першу чергу спільний пошук шляхів модернізації системи освіти і науки як інструменту формування особистості, здатної швидко пристосуватись до сучасного динамічного середовища та бути конкурентоспроможною на ринку праці. Загальновизнаним є факт, що у більшості розвинених країн модернізація освіти є пріоритетним завданням, який забезпечує соціально-економічний, політичний і науковий розвиток суспільства. Ілюзія повної самодостатності, можливо, якийсь період може слугувати ресурсом для виживання університетської освіти України. Однак в умовах інтеграції вищої освіти у ЄПВО він швидко вичерпується. Самоізоляція від процесів, які розвиваються в ЄПВО, гальмує розвиток будь-якого вищого навчального закладу. Для власного блага українській освіті необхідно вбудовуватися в ЄПВО, зберігаючи при цьому національну ідентичність. Як зазначається в багатьох ключових документах Болонського процесу, трансформація вищої освіти не вимагає її уніфікації. Саме тому, для України сьогодні вкрай важливо враховувати світовий досвід в цій сфері. Водночас, розглядаючи передові зарубіжні практики щодо формування систем підготовки наукових кадрів вищої кваліфікації, необхідно враховувати всі можливі позитивні і негативні наслідки при їх імплементації в умовах вітчизняних реалій. Мета статті полягає у вивчені сучасних тенденцій розвитку європейського освітнього та наукового простору задля реформування системи докторської освіти в Україні. В статті представлений аналіз розвитку організаційного та правового забезпечення докторського освіти в Україні за останнє двадцятиріччя в контексті інтеграції в Єдиний європейський освітній та науковий простір. Особливу увагу приділено Закону України «Про вищу освіту» (2014 р.) і Закону України «Про наукову і науково-технічну діяльність» (2015 р.) в частинах, що стосується докторської освіти. Запропоновано рекомендації щодо внесення в законодавство ряду доповнень з урахуванням досвіду розвинутих європейських країн. Розглянуто основні засади діяльності Національного агентства із забезпечення якості вищої освіти та Національного агентства кваліфікацій в порівнянні з принципами функціонування аналогічних європейських організацій.

This publication provides a brief overview of the formation and development of the musical education of the Ukrainian Diaspora of the United States of America and Canada of a specific period – from the end of the XIX to the middle of the XX century. The article presents the most important organizations where art institutions or collectives worked. The author points out the difference between the two important components of musical art: folklore and academic directions. It is indicated that folklore traditions were brought by representatives of the first and (partially) second wave of emigration. Pioneers (first migrants) created folklore groups in their new place of residence, built temples in which choral singing traditionally sounded. The second (in the interwar period) and third (after the Second World War) waves of emigrants began to cultivate the academic direction in music. This was facilitated by the large number of graduates of higher educational art institutions of Ukraine who arrived in North America. The author also points out that the phenomenon of assimilation did not pass by the musical education of the Diaspora. Entry into a foreign ethnic society was ambiguous. Someone perceived this process as inevitability. And someone was not ready. In the article, the author describes the best traditions of religious musical education, points out two components of musical education – general and special. Leading educational institutions, collectives with powerful educational traditions are also named. The author did not deprive attention of the names of prominent musician teachers, whose work was the key to a high professional level of artists of the Ukrainian Diaspora.In general, it is difficult to overestimate the role of Ukrainians overseas. For a certain period of time, culture preservation became an important component of life of immigrants, moreover, the authentic art of Ukraine found a shelter (protection) from foreign ethnic interference and stratification. At a time when total destruction and devastation of ancient culture was taking place in the Ukrainian lands, the Bolshevik millstones were grinding whole layers of unique art. The authorities claimed to replace not only the traditions, but also the artists themselves. Therefore, someone was broken spiritually and forced to glorify the party, some were killed immediately, and most were sent to filtration camps and prisons.That is why Ukrainian artists in North America were sometimes more familiar with history, had the opportunity to work and create new unique masterpieces, and were educated in various fields, including music.Ukrainian has not been lost abroad. Thus, even in the "big cauldron" (as New York is often called), among hundreds of other ethnic groups, in the Canadian steppes and mountains, it started with a hut and tanned working hands of yesterday's peasants. Violin or flute played unpretentious melodies; mothers sang lullabies and in the new churches and cathedrals the ancient Ukrainian church hymns sounded.Over time, a new generation of performers came from the villages to replace the amateur violinists. They were organized into teams, in most cases – family. Those musicians were also self-taught. However, this did not prevent them from being virtuosos. The postwar period brought to the stage a powerful generation of true geniuses who had no place in the Bolshevik artistic pantheon. These were already graduates of powerful educational institutions of Ukraine: conservatories, music institutes, seminaries.This wave of new citizens of Canada and the United States has brought a fresh powerful impetus to the education of the Ukrainian diaspora. They shared their talent in various artistic communities that worked under the auspices of clubs, societies and public organizations. Also, important was the work of artists in special educational institutions or powerful art groups (bandura schools, holiday camps, university campuses, etc.). It should be noted that music art and education had the great support of Ukrainian patrons and philanthropists, for both countries did not stand aside from the development of educational artistic traditions. However, most of the financial injections and legislative support belong to Canada. In the United States, however, artists received more support from private patrons. They acted on the ancient principle that their homeland (and in our case – the musical art of their distant and unforgettable Ukraine for years) should be loved not to the depths of their hearts, but to the depths of their pockets.

TEZ12960 ; Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2020. ; Kaynakça (s. 95-111) var. ; XV, 132 s. :_res. (bzs. rnk.), tablo ;_29 cm. ; Son yıllarda, İngilizce'nin ortak bir dil olarak (ODİ/ELF-English as a lingua franca) kullanımının yaygınlaşması ile birlikte, ODİ farkındalığı ve ilgili konuların İngiliz dili eğitimi pedagojisine entegrasyonu, ODİ araştırmacıları arasında gittikçe dikkat çekmektedir. Bu bağlamda, öğretmen eğitimi üzerine bugüne kadar çok sayıda ampirik ve teorik çalışma yapılmıştır. Ancak, bir programın temel dayanağı olan ve öğretmenler ile öğrenciler arasında köprü görevi gören İngilizce ders kitaplarına oldukça az yer verilmiştir. ODİ ile ilgili konuların İngilizce ders kitaplarına entegrasyonu ve bu ders kitaplarının ODİ pedagojisini nasıl ele aldığının daha iyi kavranabilmesi için daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu nitel çalışma esas olarak anlam müzakeresi stratejilerinin Türkiye'de bir üniversitenin İngilizce hazırlık sınıflarında kullanılan uluslarası yaygın İngilizce ders kitaplarında nasıl ele alındığını, güncel literatürdeki ampirik çalışmaların tanımladığı ODİ iletişimini referans alarak incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın birinci aşamasında, öğretim elemanlarının algı ve uygulamalarına ilişkin veriler açık uçlu bir anket aracılığıyla elde edilmiş ve tematik analiz ile incelenmiştir. İkinci aşamada ise, İngilizce ders kitapları kontrol listeleri ile değerlendirilmiş ve bulgular içerik analizi ile incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları, öğretim elemanlarının çoğunun anlam müzakeresi stratejilerinin öğretiminin öneminin farkında olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ancak, Anadil konuşmacısı'nın üstün görüldüğü kökleşmiş kurumsal bir politikanın benimsendiği bir ortamda, öğrencilerinin gerçek iletişimsel ihtiyaçlarına yönelik nasıl ders tasarlayacakları ve gerekli stratejileri nasıl öğretecekleri konusunda bazı endişelerinin olduğu görülmüştür. Aynı zamanda bulgular, Cambridge English Empower kitap serisinin bütün seviyelerinde monolitik bir dil kullanımının olduğunu ve İngiliz kültürüne dayanan stereotiplerin teşvik edildiğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bulgularda, ders kitaplarındaki işitsel ve görsel-işitsel materyallerde, dinamik, değişken ve çoğulcu tarzda bir İngilizce kullanımının görülmemesi, anadili İngilizce olmayan konuşmacı iletişiminin büyük ölçüde yoksayıldığını göstermiştir. Dahası, ders kitaplarındaki iletişim odaklı görev ve aktiviteler Anadil konuşmacısı ve Standart İngilizce (SE) modeline dayanan İkinci dil edinimi (SLA) bakış açısıyla tasarlanmıştır. Yetkili kişiler, İngilizce ders materyallerinin ODİ farkındalıklı pedagoji içeriğiyle yeniden düzenlenmesi adına cesur adımlar atmalıdır. Bu çalışmanın, ODİ çerçevesinde İngiliz dili eğitiminde materyal geliştirme ve değerlendirmeye, politika tasarımı ve planlanmasına katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir. ; In recent years, with the exponential growth of English as a lingua franca (ELF), the integration of ELF-related issues into English language teaching (ELT) pedagogy has been attracting an increasing amount of attention among ELF researchers. In this respect, a good number of empirical and theoretical studies have been conducted concerning teacher education and training so far. However, considered as a core of a particular program and the main medium between teachers and students, ELT materials are given little attention. More research is needed to gain a better understanding of the integration of ELF-related issues into ELT materials, and how ELT coursebooks deal with ELF-aware pedagogy. Thus, the present qualitative study aims to investigate how negotiation of meaning (NoM) strategies are dealt with in an international ELT course-book series used in the English preparatory classes of a university in Turkey with reference to ELF communication defined by existing empirical research in the field. In the first phase, the data about the perceptions and practices of the instructors obtained through an open-ended questionnaire were analyzed via thematic analysis. In the second phase, the course-book series were evaluated through checklists and analyzed via content analysis. The findings of the study revealed that the majority of the instructors are aware of the significance of teaching NoM strategies. However, they have some concerns about how to plan their lessons and to teach essential strategies based on their students' needs in the context of established native-speakerist institutional policies. Findings also revealed that the monolithic form of English and British-bound stereotypes are promoted in all levels of the Cambridge English Empower course-book series. A lack of pluricentric, dynamic, and variable use of English in audio and audio-visual materials indicates that authentic ELF interaction is to a great extent ignored. Moreover, communicative tasks and activities in the course-books are designed within Second Language Acquisition (SLA) framework which relies on native-speaker and Standard English (SE) norms. It is recommended that stakeholders should take brave actions to reconceptualize the content of ELT materials and appropriately design them by taking into account the implications of ELF-aware pedagogy. This study is expected to contribute specifically to materials development and evaluation, policy design, and planning in ELT within the framework of ELF.

BOB Hydrographics, LLC (BOB) conducted a marine archaeological assessment in support of the Orange County South Terminal Project. The South Terminal is proposed on an oxbow channel of the Neches River, downstream from Beaumont, to accommodate loading and unloading of ships and barges and an adjacent tank storage facility. Plans for marine portions of the property include construction of two ship docks and one new barge dock. Dredging will remove sediments down to an elevation of -42 feet (ft) Mean Lower Low Water (MLLW) to create ship berths and a turning basin. Planned future expansion would increase the depth of the berths and turning basin to -48 ft MLLW. A barge dock will be dredged along the edge of the Neches River Channel to an elevation of -17 ft MLLW. Pilings will be driven to support dock and gangway platforms and to create mooring and breasting dolphins and barge monopiles. A portion of the oxbow, west of the ship docks will be filled to create upland as part of a proposed storage tank facility. Horizon Environmental Services, Inc. contracted with BOB, on behalf of the project sponsor, Port of Beaumont Navigation District, to assess the potential for submerged archaeological sites within the proposed South Terminal. Submerged archaeological sites, in this context, might be historic sites, such as sunken or abandoned watercraft, which may be eligible for the National Register of Historic Places or as State Antiquities Landmarks. The South Terminal will be constructed on publicly owned land; therefore, Texas Antiquities Permit 8926 was obtained prior to beginning fieldwork. A review of the cultural background determined that 3 prior marine archaeological investigations have been conducted within 3 miles of this project. At least 7 wrecks have been reported within 3 miles of the survey area. Field investigations included marine geophysical survey and probing of 2 anomalies. Geophysical survey was completed by BOB from June 10-13, 2019. A total of 78 acres was surveyed. The submerged Area of Potential Effect totals 54.7 acres, including: 34.3 acres for dredging ship and barge berths, 10.3 acres for ship docks and storage tanks, and 10.1 acres of survey buffer, mandated by the Texas Historical Commission, along the eastern margin of the dredging footprint. The Principal Investigator was solely responsible for archaeological data analysis and report preparation. Preliminary analysis of geophysical survey data resulted in recommendations of archaeological avoidance for 3 potential historic sites, designated as Anomalies 1, 2 and 3. Additional investigation was conducted from August 26-29, 2019 and January 19-21, 2020. Probing disproved the significance of Anomaly 1. Closeorder magnetometer survey disproved the significance of Anomaly 2. Probing determined that Anomaly 3 is associated with a buried, wooden-hulled watercraft, Site 41OR113, measuring 32 feet wide and at least 82 ft long. Site 41OR113 is potentially eligible as a State Antiquities Landmark and for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. All disturbance of the river bottom, related to construction of the South Terminal, must be avoided within state-mandated target avoidance buffers extending 50 meters beyond the margins Site 41OR113. If the wreck cannot be successfully avoided, then further investigation would be required to determine whether the site is historically significant and eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. All portions of the survey area, outside of the 41OR113 avoidance zone, are recommended for archaeological clearance. This study was completed in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended (Public Law 89-665; 16 U.S.C. 470), requiring that the lead agency consider the effects of projects upon historic resources, if those projects receive either permits or funding from the federal government. This study complies with the Antiquities Code of Texas (Texas Natural Resource Code, Title 9, Chapter 191), which provides for the protection of cultural resources on state lands. Title 13, Part 2, Chapters 26 and 28 of The Texas Administrative Code mandates the minimum reporting and survey requirements, respectively, for marine archaeological studies conducted under Texas Antiquities Permits. Archaeological project records are curated at the Center for Archeological Studies at Texas State University in San Marcos. No artifacts were collected during these investigations.

The Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County (METRO) proposes to develop approximately 5.2 acres located on the northeast quadrant of the Interstate Highway (IH) 45 and IH 10 interchange within the City of Houston, Harris County, Texas. Initially, the proposed project included the construction of an extensive multi-purpose facility that would house the METRO Police Department, a back-up Emergency Operations Center, and Maintenance of Way (MOW) department. Additionally, an ancillary laydown yard would be located immediately north of the facility. Subsequently, however, the proposed development plan was updated to include MOW facilities only. The proposed MOW facility would serve as an ancillary rail maintenance facility composed of a two-story building, surface parking, stormwater detention, and a laydown yardi Designs for the facility are currently under development. The proposed project comprises a total acreage of approximately 5.2 acres, including approximately 2.7 acres for the proposed facility and approximately 2.6 acres for an ancillary laydown yard. The archeological area of potential effects (APE) is the entire 5.2-acre footprint of the proposed project. The maximum anticipated depth of impacts within the location for the proposed facility is not yet known but is not anticipated to be deeper than one meter (3.3 feet) in the footprint of the proposed MOW facility. Impacts within the ancillary laydown yard are anticipated to be negligible. The project is owned by and will be overseen by METRO, a political agency of the State of Texas, rendering the project subject to the Antiquities Code of Texas. Additionally, since the project will be partially funded by Full Funding Grant Agreement North Corridor and Federal Transit Administration (FTA) monies, a federal nexus exists. As a result, compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, is required. In May 2020, Cox|McLain Environmental Consulting, Inc. (CMEC) conducted an intensive survey augmented by the excavation of trenches within the footprint of the proposed facility. No subsurface testing was conducted within the location for the ancillary laydown yard due to evidence of extensive surface disturbance and the lack of anticipated sub-surface impacts associated with the current project. The fieldwork was carried out over the course of a single field session (approximately 48 person-hours or 6 person-days) under Texas Antiquities Permit #9413 by archeologists Scotty Moore and Amani Bourji of CMEC. Nine mechanically excavated trenches totaling 44.9 meters (147.3 feet) were placed and investigated. Subsurface investigations revealed the presence of mixed modern materials and historic-age artifacts throughout the APE within a heavily disturbed, and in some places, burned, matrix that extended approximately 1.2 meters (3.9 feet) below the surface. Below this depth, however, three partially intact and in situ cultural features were documented that date to the early twentieth century. These features appear to be related to residential occupation of the Fifth Ward and consisted of a brick-lined cistern, a possible brick/concrete pier, and an in-filled posthole. Sixteen artifacts were identified in association with these features. Based upon the presence of the intact features and artifacts, the investigated area was determined to meet the criteria for archeological sites and was assigned trinomial 41HR1242 by the Texas Archaeological Research Laboratory. Results of the survey indicate that all aboveground remnants of 41HR1242 within the APE have been demolished and/or displaced, but subsurface features and deposits are still present within the project area. One of these features, the brick-lined cistern, exhibits high vertical and horizontal integrity below a depth of approximately 1.2 meters (3.9 feet) and could contribute to the National Registry of Historic Places (NRHP) eligibility of the site under Criterion D (research potential). Moreover, preliminary evidence suggests that some or all of the burned overburden that caps intact features at the site could be the result of the Great Fifth Ward Fire of 1912. As a result, intact features identified within the site may be associated with structures that were destroyed by this fire and may therefore be eligible for inclusion on the NRHP under Criterion A (association with important events). No cultural materials were collected; therefore, only project records will need to be curated per TAC 26.16 and 26.17. Project records will be curated at the CAS at Texas State University where they will be made permanently available to future researchers. The Texas Historical Commission concurred with all recommendations on November 2, 2020. The eligibility status of site 41HR1242 remains undetermined.

Citation correct de ce document / Correct citation of this document: N'Diaye, I., Aune, J.B., Synnevåg, G., Yossi, H., & Hamadoun, A. (Eds.). (2020). Adaptation de l'Agriculture et de l'Élevage au Changement Climatique au Mali: Résultats et leçons apprises au Sahel. Bamako, Mali: Institut d'Economie Rurale. 404 p. ; Chaque chapitre a été ajouté à l'archive BRAGE à l'Université de Science et Vie, Norvège et peut être recherché et téléchargé séparément. / Each chapter has been added to the Brage/NMBU archive and can be searched up and downloaded separately. ; Préface : Le défi pour l'agriculture du Mali est d'avoir la capacité d'assurer la sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle de la population malienne gage de paix sociale et de développement durable dans un contexte de changement climatique. En effet, la production agricole provenant des exploitations agricoles familiales prédominantes reste essentiellement pluviale. En conséquence elle est fortement tributaire des risques climatiques engendrés par le réchauffement du climat, que sont, entre autres, les températures en hausse, la baisse des précipitations atmosphériques, le retard dans l'installation des pluies en début de campagne agricole, les poches de sécheresse, l'arrêt précoce des pluies, les vents forts, les inondations. L'adaptation des producteurs aux risques climatiques est une stratégie pour faire face à cette contrainte majeure de développement. Aussi, le Projet Adaptation de l'Agriculture et de l'Élevage au Changement Climatique, dénommé Projet ACC, a-t-il été conçu et mis en oeuvre dans les zones Centre et Nord du Mali, sur financement du Royaume de Norvège et de la République du Mali, dans le cadre d'un partenariat scientifique et technique entre l'Institut d'Économie Rurale, une structure de recherche agricole du Mali et Noragric, une structure de recherche de l'Université des sciences de la vie de Ås, Oslo en Norvège, de 2011 à 2016. Ainsi, le présent ouvrage pluridisciplinaire qui est une synthèse de résultats saillants des équipes de recherche du Projet ACC et de partenaires scientifiques d'autres institutions sur le changement climatique, ses effets sur le domaine agricole, les perceptions et solutions paysannes du phénomène, les technologies simples et performantes de résilience est une contribution de qualité à l'atteinte des objectifs de sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle visés dans le cadre de nos politiques et stratégies et une réponse à l'insécurité par le développement du secteur agricole. Ces technologies, en cours de diffusion par les services techniques agricoles et les organisations paysannes, et d'utilisation par les populations seront davantage accessibles aux producteurs et productrices pour une amélioration significative de leurs conditions de vie à travers des actions appropriées de nos départements concernés. ; Preface : The challenge for Mali's agriculture is to have the capacity to ensure the food and nutritional security of the Malian population, which would guarantee social peace and sustainable development in a context of climate change. Indeed, agricultural production from predominantly family farms remains mostly rainfed. As a result, it is highly dependent on the climate risks caused by global warming, including rising temperatures, lower atmospheric rainfall, delayed rainfall at the beginning of the growing season, pockets of drought, early cessation of rains, strong winds and floods. The adaptation of producers to climate risks is a strategy to cope with this major development constraint. Therefore, the Adaptation of Agriculture and Livestock to Climate Change project, known as the ACC Project, was designed and implemented in the Central and Northern zones of Mali, with funding from the Kingdom of Norway and the Republic of Mali, as part of a scientific and technical partnership between the Institute of Rural Economy (Institut d'Économie Rurale), an agricultural research facility in Mali, and Noragric, a research facility at the University of Life Sciences in Ås, Oslo, Norway, from 2011 to 2016. Thus, this multidisciplinary work, which is a synthesis of salient results from the research teams of the ACC Project and scientific partners from other institutions on climate change, its effects on agriculture, farmers' perceptions of and solutions to the phenomenon, simple and effective resilience technologies, is a valuable contribution to achieving food and nutrition security objectives within the framework of our policies and strategies and a response to insecurity through the development of the agricultural sector. These technologies, currently being disseminated by the agricultural technical services and farmers' organizations and used by the populations, will be more accessible to producers for a significant improvement of their living conditions through appropriate actions of our concerned departments.

ABSTRAK EFEKTIVITAS APLIKASI SISTEM OPERASIONAL TERPADU ONLINE LAMONGAN (SOTOLA) DI POLRES LAMONGAN Nama : Alvian Dwi Oktavias NIM : 15040674084 Program Studi : S1 Ilmu Administrasi Negara Fakultas : Ilmu Sosial dan Hukum Nama Lembaga : Universitas Negeri Surabaya Pembimbing : Weni Rosdiana, S.Sos., M.AP. Pelayanan publik adalah segala bentuk pelayanan baik dalam bentuk barang publik maupun jasa publik yang pada prinsipnya sudah menjadi tanggung jawab dan dilaksanakan intansi pemerintah pusat, daerah, dan pada lingkungan Badan Usaha Milik Negara dan Badan Usaha Milik Daerah. Kepolisian Republik Indonesia membuat strategi 8-10-11 yaitu 8 misi, 10 program, dan 11 komitmen. Salah satu dari 10 program tersebut yang menarik adalah pelayanan publik yang lebih mudah bagi masyarakat dan berbasis teknologi informasi. Salah satunya ada di Polres Lamongan, bertujuan untuk mencegah adanya pungutan liar alias pungli yang kerap dilakukan oleh petugas kepolisian dan pengurusan surat-surat secara online kepada polisi dengan meluncurkan aplikasi SOTOLA. Dengan aplikasi SOTOLA masyarakat dapat mengadu, melapor mengurus SKCK, SIM, dan Izin keramaian. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Fokus dari penelitian ini adalah faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi dari efektivitas suatu program berdasarkan pemahaman program, tepat sasaran, tepat waktu, tercapainya tujuan, dan perubahan nyata. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah pengumpulan, reduksi data, penyajian data, verifikasi, dan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi SOTOLA di Polres Lamongan belum berjalan secara efektif, karena ada beberapa indikator yang belum berjalan seperti masih kurangnya sosialisasi yang diberikan oleh petugas yang hanya sebatas di sekolah-sekolah sekitar kota dan perangkat desa saja sehingga masyarakat Lamongan masih banyak yang belum mengetahui aplikasi SOTOLA, selanjutnya tepat waktu dimana masyarakat harus tetapdatang ke Polres Lamongan untuk mengambil nomor antrian sebelum validasi data, meskipun sudah bisa mengisi data melalui aplikasi SOTOLA. Oleh karena itu peneliti memberikan saran agar pihak Polres lebih sosialisasi kepada masyarakat Lamongan mengenai aplikasi SOTOLA, berikutnya yaitu lebih mengembangkan aplikasi agar tampilannya lebih menarik minat masyarakat untuk menggunakan aplikasi tersebut. Kata kunci : Efektivitas, Pelayanan Publik, SOTOLA Abstract EFFECTIVENESS OF APPLICATION OF INTEGRATED ONLINE OPERATIONAL SYSTEM LAMONGAN (SOTOLA) IN THE POLICE OF LAMONGAN Name : Alvian Dwi Oktavias NIM : 15040674084 Study Program : S1 State Administration Science Faculty : Social and Legal sciences Institution Name : Surabaya State University Instructor : Weni Rosdiana, S. Sos., M. AP. Public services are all forms of services both in the form of public goods and public services which in principle have become the responsibility and executed the Governments institutions, the region, and the environment of State-owned enterprises and business entities Belong to the region. The Indonesian police created a 8-10-11 strategy of 8 missions, 10 programs, and 11 commitments. One of the 10 interesting programs is public service that is easier for the community and based on information technology. One of them is in the polres of Lamongan, aims to prevent the existence of a wild levy aka illegal levy which is often done by police officers and the management of letters online to the police by launching the application Sotola. With the application of SOTOLA the community can complain, report on the SKCK, DRIVERs license, and permit crowds. The type of research used is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The focus of this research is the factors that influence the effectiveness of a program based on Understanding of the program, right on target, timely, achieving goals, and real change. The data analysis techniques in this research are collection, data reduction, data presentation, verification, and conclusion. Results showed that the application of SOTOLA in Polres Lamongan has not run effectively, because there are some indicators that have not yet run like the lack of socialization provided by officers who are limited in schools Around the city and village devices only so that the people of Lamongan still many who do not know the application SOTOLA, then on time where the community should be fixed to the police of Lamongan to retrieve the queue number before data validation, although Can already fill data through the application SOTOLA. Therefore, researchers give advice so that the Polres more socialization to the community of Lamongan about the application SOTOLA, the next is to develop applications so that it looks more interested people to use the application The. Keywords: effectiveness, public service, SOTOLA

The aim of the study. The article is devoted to determining the influence of political and socio-economic factors on the process of external evaluation of the quality of higher education at the university. The main factors that motivate a thorough analysis of the educational environment are described both from the point of view of the participants in this process and from the point of view of auditors, independent institutions. The analysis of external factors is the first stage of creating an effective strategy for the advanced development of the educational institution and ensuring its financial stability. Methodology. The use of PESTEL-analysis as a tool for assessing the impact of external factors on the quality of education is substantiated. The list of criteria (indicators) of external assessment of the quality of educational programs is presented and the use of these criteria for the creation of effective mechanisms of maintenance of the quality of higher education in HEI is offered. Results. When considering the relationship "state – independent quality assessment agencies" input parameters are factors of external influence, system parameters – financial performance indicators, management parameters – regulatory framework and criteria for assessing the quality of educational programs, output parameters – recommendations for building an internal quality assurance system education in HEI. Among the political factors of influence can be identified both destabilizing and positive factors on the quality assurance system of free economic zones. Destabilizing factors provoke a constructive response from NAQA in the form of development and active implementation of the regulatory framework in the activities to ensure the quality of education. Practical meaning. The criteria for the external evaluation of the educational program and the activities of the NAQA in terms of improving the national regulatory framework respond to the economic challenges facing the quality assurance system of education. In response to social challenges, the system of external evaluation of the quality of education becomes more "flexible" and prone to a variety of methods for solving problems. Prospects for further research. The analysis of all these factors, as well as the tools to influence these factors, developed by the NAQA, should be the basis of the strategy for the development of free economic relations and regulations on the development of quality assurance in education. The creation of a tool of technological influence on the analyzed factors by the management of the HEI determines the prospects for further research. ; Мета дослідження. Стаття присвячена визначенню впливу політичних і соціально-економічних факторів на процес зовнішньої оцінки якості вищої освіти в університеті. Описано основні чинники, які спонукають до ґрунтовного аналізу освітнього середовища як з точки зору самих учасників цього процесу, так і з точки зору аудиторів, незалежних установ. Аналіз зовнішніх чинників є першим етапом створення дієвої стратегії випереджаючого розвитку закладу освіти та забезпечення його фінансової стабільності. Методологія. Обґрунтовано застосування PESTEL-аналізу в якості інструменту оцінки впливу зовнішніх факторів на якість освіти. Представлено перелік критеріїв (індикаторів) зовнішньої оцінки якості освітніх програм та запропоновано використання цих критеріїв для створення дієвих механізмів забезпечення якості вищої освіти у ЗВО. Результати. При розгляді зв'язку «держава – незалежні агенції оцінки якості» вхідними параметрами є фактори зовнішнього впливу, параметрами системи – фінансові показники діяльності ЗВО, параметрами управління – нормативна база та критерії оцінки якості освітніх програм, вихідними параметрами – рекомендації щодо розбудови внутрішньої системи забезпечення якості освіти у ЗВО. Серед політичних факторів впливу можна виділити як дестабілізуючі, так і фактори позитивного впливу на систему забезпечення якості ЗВО. Дестабілізуючі фактори викликають конструктивну реакцію з боку НАЗЯВО у вигляді розробки та активного впровадження нормативної бази у діяльність із забезпечення якості освіти. Практичне значення. Критерії зовнішнього оцінювання освітньої програми та діяльність НАЗЯВО в частині вдосконалення національної нормативної бази відповідають на економічні виклики, що постають перед системою забезпечення якості освіти. У відповідь на соціальні виклики система зовнішньої оцінки якості освіти стає більш «гнучкою» та схильна до багатоваріантності методів вирішення поставлених завдань Перспективи подальших досліджень. Аналіз усіх вказаних факторів, а також інструменти впливу на ці фактори, розроблені НАЗЯВО, повинні бути покладені в основу стратегії розвитку ЗВО і нормативного документу щодо розбудови системи забезпечення якості освіти. Створення інструменту технологічного впливу на проаналізовані фактори з боку менеджменту ЗВО визначає перспективу подальших досліджень.

The purpose of this study is to determine the preparation of the Shopping Standards Analysis (ASB) to achieve Performance Based Budgeting which has become mandated in the law adopted in Kubu Raya Regency. The data used is secondary data in the form of a Budget Implementation Document (DPA) from 36 Regional Government Unit (SKPD) Kubu Raya Regency. Data is a sample of general activities held in 2018. Data is processed with several analytical tools, namely the regression method, benchmark and fairness assessment of spending. The concept of Activity Based Costing is used to determine fixed costs and variable costs combined with regression analysis. Statistics Description is used to determine averages, lower and upper limits. The result of data processing is the compilation of 23 types of ASB with the formulation Y = a + bx or Total Expenditures = Fixed Expenditure + Variable Expenditures x Spending Drivers. 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Abstrak–Tujuan penulisan ini sebagai suatu syarat untuk kelulusan dan mendapatkan gelar Sarjana Hukum di Fakultas Hukum Universitas Surabaya.Tujuan penulisan artikel ilmiah ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis mengenai Perlindungan terhadap orang tanpa kewarganegaraan dalam hukum internasional telah diatur dalam Deklarasi Universal Hak-Hak Asasi Manusia 1948 (Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948) dan Konvensi mengenai status orang tanpa kewarganegaraan 1954 (Convention Relating to the Status of Statelesness Persons 1954) oleh PBB yang menegaskan mengenai Hak Asasi Manusia guna melindungi kelompok-kelompok etnis di seluruh penjuru dunia dari diskriminasi maupun kekerasan, terutama kelompok yang tidak memiliki kewarganegaraan. Berdasarkan instrumen hukum internasional pemerintah Myanmar dapat dianggap telah melanggar standar-standar Internasional melalui pemberlakuan undang-undang kewarganegaraan Burma 1982 yang tidak mengakui etnis Rohingya sebagai salah satu dari etnis-etnis resmi di Myanmar, hal tersebut mengakibatkan etnis ini mengalami diskriminasi. Tindakan penyangkalan ini juga bertentangan dengan upaya masyarakat internasional untuk menghapuskan keadaan tanpa kewarganegaraan yang menjadi tujuan dari Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness 1961, tidak satupun orang yang tidak berkewarganegaraan boleh diperlakukan lebih buruk dari seorang asing manapun yang berkewarganegaraan. Myanmar adalah anggota PBB dan Negara pihak dari konvensi ini tetapi Myanmar tidak mengakui etnis Rohingnya adalah sebagai warga negaranya sejak kemerdekaan tahun 1948, dari situasi tersebut penulis tertarik untuk meneliti mengenai apakah pengusiran ini merupakan pelanggaran terhadap hukum internasional. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa Pelanggaran terhadap HAM orang-orang Rohingya merupakan hasil dari penyangkalan kewarganegaraan mereka oleh Pemerintah Myanmar. Bahkan, penyangkalan terhadap kewarganegaraan itu sendiri merupakan tindakan pelanggaran HAM. Pemerintah Myanmar telah melanggar ketentuan-ketentuan yang diatur dalam Konvensi mengenai Status Orang yang Tidak Berkewarganegaraan yang mengatur mengenai perlakuan-perlakuan terhadap orang-orang tanpa kewarganegaraan. mengenai hak setiap orang untuk mendapatkan kewarganegaraan tanpa pembedaan atas ras, warna, jenis kelamin, bahasa, agama, politik, ataupun pendapat yang berbeda. Tindakan penyangkalan ini juga bertentangan dengan upaya masyarakat internasional untuk menghapus keadaan tanpa kewarganegaraan yang menjadi tujuan dari Konvensi tentang Pengurangan Ketiadaan Kewarganegaraan. Kata Kunci: Pengusiran Paksa, Etnis, Hukum Internasional Abstract–The objective of the study is to be the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Law attained from Faculty of Law, University of Surabaya. The purpose of writing this scientific article is to find out and analyze the protection of citizens without citizenship in international law regulated in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948) and the Convention on the status of citizenship 1954 (Convention Relating to the Status of Statements Persons 1954) by the United Nations which emphasizes human rights to protect ethnic groups throughout the world from discrimination and violence, especially groups that do not have citizenship. Under the international legal instruments the Myanmar government can be considered to have violated international standards through the enactment of the 1982 Burmese citizenship law which did not recognize the Rohingya as one of the official ethnicities in Myanmar, which resulted in this ethnic group experiencing discrimination. This act of denial is also contrary to the efforts of the international community to abolish the statelessness which is the goal of the Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness 1961, none of thecitizens who are not citizens may be treated worse than any foreigner who is a national. Myanmar is a member of the United Nations and the State party of this convention but Myanmar does not recognize Rohingya as its citizens since independence in 1948, from the situation the authors are interested in examining whether this expulsion is a violation of international law. The results of the study revealed that the violation of the human rights of the Rohingya was the result of the denial of their citizenship by the Myanmar Government. In fact, denial of citizenship itself is an act of human rights violation. The Government of Myanmar has violated the provisions stipulated in the Convention concerning the Status of Non-Citizens who regulate the treatment of persons without citizenship. regarding the right of everyone to obtain citizenship without differentiation from different races, colors, sexes, languages, religions, politics or opinions. This act of denial also contradicts the efforts of the international community to eradicate statelessness which is the goal of the Convention on Reducing the Lack of Citizenship.Keywords: Revocation, Ethnic, International Law