Suchergebnisse

Hintergrund. Veteranen des II Weltkrieges erlebten prägende Situationen für den gesamten Lebenslauf. Die Auseinandersetzung mit traumatischen Erfahrungen ist eine schwierige Aufgabe, es geht um persönliche Erfahrungen und Wahrnehmungen, die subjektiv zu bewerten sind und um kollektive Erlebnisse, die eine ganze Generation geprägt haben. Die Erforschung von belastenden Erfahrungen und die Auswirkungen im späteren Lebenslauf haben erst in den letzten Jahren begonnen und sich vorwiegend mit Frauen und Mädchen nach Vergewaltigungstrauma und Kriegserfahrungen beschäftigt. Besonders in der professionellen Betreuung von alten Menschen, speziell Männern, fehlt das Bewusstsein über einen Zusammenhang von physischen und psychischen Erkrankungen und einem historisch-biografischen Hintergrund.Ziel der Arbeit. Es wird ein Überblick über die Erfahrungen gegeben. Welche physischen und psychischen Störungen daraus abzuleiten sind und welchen Einfluss die belastenden Erfahrungen auf die Lebenssituation im Alter haben. Die Ergebnisse sollen verdeutlichen, dass für die pflegerische Versorgung im Alter in unterschiedlichen Settings das Wissen um den historischen Hintergrund eine Voraussetzung ist. Methodik. Die Arbeit ist eine Literaturanalyse, eine Untersuchung zu traumatischen Lebenserfahrungen und ihren Auswirkungen auf die Pflegebedürftigkeit und eine repräsentative Studie zur Erfassung von Lebensqualität im Alter bei Menschen mit und ohne Vertreibungshintergrund im II Weltkrieg.Ergebnisse. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen, dass belastende Erfahrungen während des Zweiten Weltkrieges physische und psychische Auswirkungen haben. Die Erinnerungen bleiben oft über viele Jahre hindurch verborgen und können im Alter aufgrund altersbedingter Veränderungen und im Zusammenhang mit Schlüsselerlebnissen wieder reaktiviert werden und als belastend erlebt werden. Schlüsselwörter. Veteranen, II Weltkrieg, Trauma, Posttraumatische Belastungsstörungen, Biografie, Biografiearbeit Altenarbeit. ; Background. Veterans of World War II experinced situations which were formative for the entire life. The confrontation with traumatic experiences is a difficult task, especially when it comes to personal experiences and perceptions that are subjective to assess and collective experiences have shaped an entire generation. The study of stressful experiences of war and the impact in the later resume have just begun in recent years and is mainly concernded with the implications for women and girls after rape trauma and war experienses. Especially in the field of professional care for the elderly, in particular men, a lack of awareness about a connection between physical and mental illness and a historical-biographical background is evident. Objectives. An overview about the experiences is given. What physical and mental disorders are derived from these and the influence of the stressful experiences on the later lives. The result will show that the knowledge of the historical background is a prerequisite for individual and diverse care provision for the elderly.Methodology. The thesis consists of a literature analysis, an investigation to traumatic life experienses and their impact on care and a representative study for the detection of quality in life of the aged regarding people with and without explusion background in World War II. Contemporary witness report found in the literature and quotes from affected writers support the results of the analysis. Results. The results approve the presumption that stressful experiences during the World War II have physical and psychological effects for the veterans. The memories often remain hidden for many years but can be reactivated again due to age-related changes and in the context of key experiences and thus are experienced as stressful. Keywords. War veterans, World War II, trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder, biography, biographical work with the elderly. ; Nimmerfall Manuela ; Zsfassung in dt. und engl. Sprache ; Graz, Univ., Masterarb., 2015 ; (VLID)801003

Video games as a consumer product have changed significantly with the advent of in-game purchasing systems (e.g., microtransactions, 'loot boxes'). This review examines consumer protections related to in-game purchasing by anticipating some of the potential design strategies that might contribute to higher risk consumer behavior. Attention was directed towards the analysis of patents for potential in-game purchasing systems, with 13 identified on Google Patents. The design features were analysed in relation to the consumer rights and guarantees described in the terms of use agreements of the patent assignees. The analysis revealed that some in-game purchasing systems could be characterized as unfair or exploitative. These systems describe tactics that capitalize on informational advantages (e.g., behavioral tracking) and data manipulation (e.g., price manipulation) to optimize offers to incentivize continuous spending, while offering limited or no guarantees or protections (e.g., refund entitlement), with the potential to exploit vulnerable players (e.g., adolescents, problematic gamers). These findings are critically discussed in relation to behavioral economics, addiction psychology, and the clinical conceptualization of gaming disorder. Appropriate policy and consumer protection measures, psychologically informed interventions, and ethical game design guidelines are needed in order to protect the interests and wellbeing of consumers.

"In October 1967, eighteen-year-old Patrick Bradley enlisted in the US Army and was later deployed to North Vietnam as a special operator with missions to kill high-value targets. Combat left him physically and psychologically wounded, as it does many veterans, and Bradley struggled to adjust when he returned home. He seemed destined for military prison after an altercation in which he broke a superior officer's jaw, but his life changed forever when a psychiatrist recommended a unique path for healing. Thanks to a program sponsored by the Canadian government, Bradley traveled to Canada to study bald eagles and document their behavior. He found himself recovering while living alone in the wild with minimal supplies or human contact. At the same time, his work was paving the way for groundbreaking research, including the discovery of a link between the use of the pesticide DDT and a decrease in southern bald eagle populations. Later, he forged a successful career training and managing wild animals and committed himself to helping other wounded warriors by cofounding the Avian Veteran Alliance, a nonprofit that pairs veterans suffering from PTSD and physical injuries with injured birds of prey. The Eagle on My Arm tells Bradley's inspirational story for the first time. This moving account reveals how a soldier became a dedicated healer, using his years of study and solitude to face his demons and turn his pain into a lifelong passion for helping others."--

Epigenetic differences may help to distinguish between PTSD cases and trauma-exposed controls. Here, we describe the results of the largest DNA methylation meta-analysis of PTSD to date. Ten cohorts, military and civilian, contribute blood-derived DNA methylation data from 1,896 PTSD cases and trauma-exposed controls. Four CpG sites within the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) associate with PTSD after adjustment for multiple comparisons, with lower DNA methylation in PTSD cases relative to controls. Although AHRR methylation is known to associate with smoking, the AHRR association with PTSD is most pronounced in non-smokers, suggesting the result was independent of smoking status. Evaluation of metabolomics data reveals that AHRR methylation associated with kynurenine levels, which are lower among subjects with PTSD. This study supports epigenetic differences in those with PTSD and suggests a role for decreased kynurenine as a contributor to immune dysregulation in PTSD.

IntroductionCigarette smoking remains a significant health risk for Veterans. Increased understanding of factors that influence the tobacco cessation referral process within Veterans Affairs medical facilities is useful for enhancing utilization of smoking cessation treatment. The present study examined the association of demographic and health variables with whether smokers accepted referral for medication and/or tobacco cessation clinic.MethodsElectronic medical record data (2011-2013) were obtained for a sample of US military Veterans who accepted cessation assistance from their health care provider. Demographic and diagnostic variables were examined to identify predictors of the types of assistance accepted (medication only, clinic referral only, or both).ResultsThe sample includes 2941 Veterans, 10.3% female, 19.9% African American, 10.7% Hispanic, and 57.9% non-Hispanic white. Veterans averaged of 50.69 years of age (SD = 14.01), 31.5% had a substance use disorder diagnosis and 54.1% had a psychiatric diagnosis. Demographic and diagnostic information was compared across types of assistance accepted. Significant differences were found between those who accepted medications only and those who accepted either clinic referral or both medication and clinic referral. Veterans in the latter two categories were younger and more likely to have a psychiatric diagnosis than those accepting medication only. Women Veterans were significantly more likely than men to accept clinic referral plus medication. However, in contrast to men, almost none of the variables examined were associated with the type of assistance accepted by women.ConclusionThese findings indicate significant gender differences in influences on accepting assistance for smoking cessation among Veterans.ImplicationsExisting research identifies factors associated with unassisted quitting. However, little is known regarding the referral process, which is critical in connecting smokers with treatment. The present work is unique in employing electronic ...

Сучасні умови життя і діяльності висувають підвищені вимоги до адаптивних механізмів людини. Велика кількість антропогенних катастроф, зон військових конфліктів, стихійних лих та інших видів інтенсивного стресового впливу викликають різні форми дезадаптації, нервово-психічні і психосоматичні порушення, посттравматичні стресові розлади. Інтенсивний стрес-вплив субекстремальних обставин на людину може бути настільки сильним, що особистісні властивості вже не відіграють вирішальної ролі в розвитку посттравматичного стресового розладу, який може розвинутися практично в кожної здорової і емоційно стійкої людини. Метою статті є обґрунтування медитативних практик як методів роботи із стресовими станами особистості. У статті обґрунтовано актуальність дослідження вивчення сутності та структури впливу медитації на особистість, обґрунтування чинників, критеріїв, показників, умов, засобів, властивостей, індивідуально-типологічних особливостей впливу медитації на фізіологічний стан та свідомість людини. Проаналізовано дослідження науковцями проблеми визначення поняття «медитація». Наведено аргументи на користь запровадження технік медитайії в практику підготовки консультантів-психологів; в роботу практикуючих психологів; в якості практичного семінару або навчання осіб з проявами посттравматичного синдрому. Представлена авторська програма медитації для зниження та корекції стресового стану особистості, яка органічно вписується у професійну діяльність психологів і не потребує організації додаткових спеціальних занять. Також було надано рекомендації як для практикуючих психологів, так і для приватного використання медитації для зниження стресових станів у різних варіантах медитативних технік, але з попередженням та рекомендацією оволодіти теоретичними і практичними знаннями використання медитативних практик і їх впливу на психічний і емоційний стан особистості. ; Modern living and working conditions place increased demands on the adaptive mechanisms of man. A large number of anthropogenic catastrophes, zones of military conflict, natural disasters and other types of intense stress affect various forms of maladaptation, neuropsychiatric and psychosomatic disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder. Intense stress-impact of sub-extreme circumstances on a person can be so strong that personality traits no longer play a crucial role in the development of post-traumatic stress disorder, which can develop in almost every healthy and emotionally stable person. The aim of the article is to substantiate meditative practices as methods of working with stressful states of personality. The article substantiates the relevance of the study of the essence and structure of the influence of meditation on personality, substantiation of factors, criteria, indicators, conditions, means, properties, individual-typological features of meditation on the physiological state and consciousness of man. The research of scientists on the problem of defining the concept of "meditation" is analyzed. Arguments in favor of the introduction of meditation techniques in the practice of training counselors-psychologists; in the work of practicing psychologists; as a practical seminar or training of persons with manifestations of post-traumatic syndrome. The author's program of meditation for reduction and correction of a stressful condition of the person which organically fits into professional activity of psychologists and does not demand the organization of additional special employment is presented. Recommendations were also provided for both practicing psychologists and for the private use of meditation to reduce stress in various versions of meditation techniques, but with warning and recommendation to master the theoretical and practical knowledge of the use of meditative practices and their impact on mental and emotional state.

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 159-168). ; Due to certain fundamental flaws, orthodox linguistics has not succeeded in producing a coherent account of 'schizophrenic language' - the host of symptoms that are alternatively characterised as evidence of formal thought disorder or labelled as disorganised speech, a disorder in itself. The most important of these flaws are its treatment of languages as fixed codes, which doubles as an explanation of how linguistic communication works, and its postulation of the mental structures that would be necessary if languages were indeed fixed codes, and communication a matter of encoding and decoding messages. In particular, orthodox linguistics has bolstered the now-dominant neo-Kraepelinian, biomedical account of schizophrenia, which treats utterances as symptoms that give clues to brain (dis)organisation and (dys) function. Integrational linguistics, which criticises the culturally based assumptions - collectively referred to as 'the language myth' - that are at the heart of the orthodox account of languages and language, provides an alternative. It sympathises with the growing trend in cognitive science and philosophy towards 'embodiment' and 'distributed cognition', which recognises that encultured entities like languages, minds, brains, bodies, and world are intrinsically defined by their co-evolution in the species, and co-emergence during an individual's development. Integrationists argue that by focusing in the first instance on second-order cultural constructs called 'languages', orthodox linguistics fails to give an account of the first-order experience of language users. This thesis approaches the topic of 'schizophrenic language' from a broadly integrationist perspective in order to demonstrate that because orthodox linguistics is so widely taken for granted in psychiatry, its biases inform current mainstream accounts of schizophrenic language, motivate the outright dismissal of interpersonal accounts, past and present, and provide a skewed picture of the phenomenon it purports to be describing, by ultimately constructing an individual-focused, deficit-based account of what is not, as opposed to what is. That is, by holding up orthodox linguistics' idealised version of communication and speakers (which has little applicability even to 'normal' language users), it uses deviation from the ideal as description and explanation, rather than recognising the strategies actually employed by schizophrenics in their attempts to make sense, even if these attempts fail. The alternative argued for here is to apply the tenets of integrationist linguistics to schizophrenic language behaviour, to give a fuller account of communication situations involving schizophrenics and normal interlocutors. As a result, this thesis calls for a reformulation of the idea that incomprehensibility stems from deviant speech, itself the product of an irrational brain. 'Sense', 'deviance' and 'irrationality' are a moment-to-moment metalinguistic appraisals made by language users, second-order cultural constructions that shape the speech community's response to certain individuals. Describing the speech of schizophrenics as 'deviant', 'irrational', or 'nonsensical' constrains their jointly-constructed capability of making sense using the resources (which may include other individual's minds) at their disposal. Integration linguistics thus brings into focus a moral and political dimension to such descriptions which is obscured by an orthodox linguistics-biased biomedical approach.

Chapter 1.Comprehensive Claims of AI for Healthcare Applications-Coherence towards COVID-19 -- Chapter 2. Artificial Intelligence based systems for combating COVID-19 -- Chapter 3. Artificial intelligence mediated medical diagnosis of COVID-19 -- Chapter 4. AI combined with medical imaging enables rapid diagnosis for COVID-19 -- Chapter 5. Role of Artificial Intelligence in COVID-19 prediction based on Statistical Methods -- Chapter 6. Data Driven symptom Analysis and Location Prediction Model for Clinical Health Data Processing and Knowledgebase Development for COVID 19 -- Chapter 7. A decision support System using Rule based Expert System For COVID -19 Prediction and Diagnosis -- Chapter 8. A Predictive Mechanism to Intimate the Danger of Infection via nCOVID-19 through Unsupervised Learning -- Chapter 9. AI-enabled prognosis technologies for SARS Co-2. Chapter 10. Intelligent agent Based Case Base Reasoning Systems Build Knowledge Representation in COVID-19 analysis of Recovery, Infectious Patients -- Chapter 11. Epidemic Analysis of COVID 19 Using Machine Learning -- Chapter 12. Machine learning application in COVID-19 drug development -- Chapter 13. COVID 19 Epidemic Analysis Using Linear and Polynomial Regression Approach -- Chapter 14. Prediction & Analysis of outbreak of COVID-19 Pandemic Using Machine Learning -- Chapter 15. Predictive Risk Analysis by using Machine Learning during Covid-19 -- Chapter 16. Analysis and Validation of Risk Prediction by Stochastic Gradient Boosting Along With Recursive Feature Elimination for COVID-19 -- Chapter 17. Artificial intelligence in mental healthcare during COVID-19 pandemic -- Chapter 18. Effect of Covid-19 on Autism Spectrum Disorder: Prognosis, diagnosis and therapeutics based On AI -- Chapter 19. Use of mobile phone apps for contact tracing to control the COVID-19 pandemic: A Literature Review -- Chapter 20. Role of IoT and Social Networking in Mental Healthcare of Transgender Community in Covid-19 Pandemic -- Chapter 21. TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE AND USE OF IOT DURING COVID 19 PANDEMIC-CASE STUDY OF HEALTH SECTOR IN INDIA. Chapter 22. Artificial Intelligence – The Strategies used in COVID-19 for Diagnosis -- Chapter 23. Impact of Isolation and Quarantine on Covid-19 Patients and Potential Role of Technology in Mitigation -- Chapter 24. Impact of loneliness and Quarantine on COVID-19 patients with artificial intelligence applications -- Chapter 25. Can Technology fight the loneliness Lockdown: A study of factors Affecting Loneliness in NCR during COVID 19 -- Chapter 26. Psycho-economic Impact of Obligatory Job Switching during Covid-19 Pandemic: A Study of Hawkers in Bhubaneswar (India) -- Chapter 27. AI's Role in Essential Commodities during a Pandemic Situation -- Chapter 28.Impact of COVID-19 on Manufacturing and Operational Ecosystem in India -- Chapter 29. Impact of Repatriated Migrants on the Production Possibility of Agricultural Sector owing to Covid: A Study on the basis of Inferential Statistics -- Chapter 30. Nicotine in Covid-19: Friend or Foe";? -- Chapter 31. Artificial Intelligence in Covid'19: Application and Legal Conundrums.

Given the growth of scholarship in early child education (ECE), as well as the rapid emergence of the sector as an area of academic inquiry, a team of special education/mental health scholars opted to explore its preemptive nature. Despite long and distinguished careers in childhood special educational needs (SEN), ECE has never been an area of attention for them, and they proceeded with unbiased perspectives to answer: Does participation in quality ECE lessen SEN and insulate children against requiring supports later in their school experience? Inclusive education is now an international standard for all children and the recent Canadian bilateral agreements between the federal and provincial/territorial governments strive to increase access to ECE for all children, including those with diverse needs. How inclusive is ECE and will access lessen the amount of support required by children with identified SEN, allowing them a smoother school start and ensuring better educational outcomes? Particular attention was given to children with specific needs: those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who typically struggle with starting school and usually require intensive supports; and those with mental health concerns. An extensive review of the literature, with particular attention to longitudinal studies, was undertaken by the team. Additionally, the Effective Pre-school, Primary and Secondary Education Project study in the UK was re-examined by Dr. Edward Melhuish to track the SEN of children across their full school experience. Public data from a representative number of Canadian provinces was also examined to help answer the questions above and illuminate the nature of inclusion in ECE programs. Surprisingly, while the literature was rich on the preemptive nature of ECE, provincial/ territorial data on inclusion during the early years was scant. Poor and inconsistent data collection processes, and an absence of policy to mandate it, sabotages the sector and leads to uninformed public policy. While all regions report policies supporting inclusive ECE programs, the absence of data and inclusive practice creates an illusion of inclusion during the early years. What emerges is significant, especially for the discipline of special education which traditionally views early identification and intervention as beginning at age six. By examining the impact of quality ECE with a common lens, both the ECE sector and the K-12 system obtain startling findings that poses an opportunity to develop earlier identification and intervention to alter the trajectory of the lives of vulnerable children. A continuum of evidence, from multiple studies in multiple countries unanimously converge on the preemptive nature of ECE on SEN. Inclusive, high quality ECE reduces SEN in young children and improves developmental outcomes, especially for vulnerable children and those with complex needs. The need for intervention is both removed for some children and reduced for others. Front loading interventions during the early years is wise public policy. Educators, parents, policy makers and governments could benefit from these findings.

Background: Internet use and accessibility has grown exponentially across the globe. The highest rates are noted in adolescents and youth. The swift development of technological improvements combined with interactive and enticing online activities has demonstrated to be unprecedented. As a result, the endless possibilities of the Internet become exceptionally appealing, whereby the risk of excessive use becomes elevated. Excessive use of the Internet is a strong precursor for subsequent pathological Internet use (PIU). Considered to be a subtype of a behavioural addiction, the construct of PIU is closely related to the biopsychosocial model of addiction. This suggests that there are genetic, biological, psychological and social components involved in the complex pathways of PIU development. Thus, initiatives that adopt such a multifaceted approach are critically needed in order to attain a better understanding of PIU and related factors. Objectives: The primary aim of this thesis is to improve our knowledge of adolescent PIU by utilising a multifactorial approach. The objective of Study I is to estimate the prevalence of PIU and assess its potential link with demographic and social factors. The objectives in Studies II and III are to ascertain the correlations between PIU, psychopathology and suicidality, while Study IV investigates the association between PIU and health risk-behaviours. The objective of Study V is to evaluate the preventive effect of mental health action in schools on PIU and related psychosocial impairments. Methods and materials: The studies in this thesis were conducted within the framework of the FP7 European Union project: Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe (SEYLE). SEYLE is a randomised controlled trial (RCT) assessing the efficacy of mental health interventions based on different strategies and approaches. Adolescents were recruited from randomly-selected schools across study sites in eleven countries, including Austria, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Romania, Slovenia and Spain, with Sweden serving as the coordinating centre. PIU was measured using Young's Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ). Social factors, health risk-behaviours, psychopathology and suicidality were measured using validated psychometric instruments. Apposite statistical models were applied in each study in order to assess the respective outcomes of interests. Results: Findings for each study are described accordingly: Study I comprised a sample of 11,956 adolescents (female/male: 6731/5225; mean age: 14.9 ±0.89). The overall prevalence of PIU was 4.4%. Prevalence rates of PIU were significantly higher in males than females (5.2% versus 3.8%). Adolescents in Israel had the highest prevalence of PIU, whereas Italy had the lowest. A significant correlation between mean hours online per day and male gender were observed. In terms of online activities, Internet gaming was significantly associated with males, while social networking was significantly correlated with females. Students not living with a biological parent, low parental involvement and parental unemployment showed the strongest association with PIU. Study II was a systematic review and meta-analysis. An electronic literature search was conducted using the following databases: MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, PsychINFO, Global Health, and Web of Science. PIU and known synonyms were included in the search as well as psychopathology (i.e. depression, anxiety, symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive symptoms, social phobia and hostility/aggression). Effect sizes for the correlations observed were identified from either the respective publication or calculated using Cohen's d or R2. The potential effect of publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot model and evaluated by Egger's test based on a linear regression. Twenty articles met the pre-set inclusion and exclusion criteria: 75% reported significant correlations of PIU with depression, 57% with anxiety, 100% with symptoms of ADHD, 60% with obsessivecompulsive symptoms, and 66% with hostility/aggression. The majority of studies reported a higher rate of PIU among males than females. Depression and symptoms of ADHD appeared to have the most significant and consistent correlation with PIU. Study III comprised a sample of 11,356 school-based adolescents (M/F: 4,856/6,500; mean age: 14.9). Results showed that suicidal behaviours (suicidal ideation and suicide attempts), depression, anxiety, conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention were significant and independent predictors of PIU. The correlation between PIU, conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention was stronger among females, while the link between PIU and symptoms of depression, anxiety and peer relationship problems was stronger among males. The association between PIU, psychopathology and self-destructive behaviours was stronger in countries with a higher prevalence of PIU and suicide rates. These findings ascertain that psychopathology and suicidal behaviours are strongly related to PIU. This association is significantly influenced by gender and country suggesting socio-cultural influences. Study IV involved a sample of 11,931 adolescents who were included in the analyses: 43.4% male and 56.6% female (M/F: 5179/6752), with a mean age of 14.89±0.87 years. Adolescents reporting poor sleeping habits and risk-taking actions showed the strongest associations with PIU, followed by tobacco use, poor nutrition and physical inactivity. Among adolescents in the PIU group, 89.9% were characterized as having multiple risk-behaviours. The significant association observed between PIU and risk-behaviours, combined with a high rate of cooccurrence, underline the importance of considering PIU when screening, treating or preventing high-risk behaviours among adolescents. Study V included a sample of n=2,831 school-based adolescents. The sample comprised 47.1% male and 52.9% female adolescents (M/F: 1333/1498), with a mean age of 14.83±0.90 years. In order to avoid contamination from the SEYLE interventions, only those who were in the control group were included in this study. Mental health action in schools (MHAS) was defined as adolescents reporting to have received mental health education at their school and was approached by a teacher to discuss psychosocial issues prior to baseline assessment. Outcomes showed that adolescents exposed to MHAS had a 50 percent lower risk for the onset of PIU compared to the unexposed group. When analysing psychosocial impairments, results showed that adolescents in the MHAS group also exhibited a significantly lower incidence of ≥30 percent for emotional distress, depression and coping problems. Conclusion: Significant correlations between PIU and health risk-behaviours, psychopathology and suicidality were observed among European adolescents. Given the momentous proclivity of evidence-based research, it is clear that PIU is a condition that merits international recognition as a potential disorder. Implementing evidence-based mental health action in schools appear to be effective in the overall risk-reduction of PIU. Of course, the level of efficacy, in terms of prevention efforts, is dependent on the structure of the respective intervention. It is, therefore, critical that an international accord is reached in order to develop a standardized approach to ascertain the nomenclature, taxonomy and diagnostic criteria of PIU. The future direction of PIU research must focus on this fundamental issue in order to legitimize and advance our knowledge and understanding of this condition.

Die Studie bietet anhand von erzählten Lebensgeschichten einen systematischen Einblick in die Erlebnis- und Erfahrungswelt von Menschen mit "Essstörungen". Sichtbar werden Entwicklungsbögen von der Entstehung über die Verfestigung bis zu den verschiedenen Bewältigungsversuchen sowie Ressourcen und Kompetenzen der Protagonistinnen. Diese Perspektive ermöglicht ein Neuverstehen des Phänomens "Essstörung", das über die gängigen defizitären Konzeptionen hinausgeht und Konsequenzen für eine ressourcenorientierte Begleitung von Menschen mit "Essstörungen" aufzeigt. Das Buch richtet sich gleichermaßen an Professionelle, Betroffene und Angehörige.

Immer mehr Menschen mit Essstörungen teilen ihren Genesungsweg in Recovery Accounts auf Instagram. Welche Motive hinter der Veröffentlichung stehen, in welcher Rolle sich die Blogger:innen sehen und inwieweit das Führen eines Recovery Accounts aus ihrer Sicht mit dem Genesungsprozess zusammenhängt, stellt eine Forschungslücke dar. Um diese zu füllen, wurden Leitfadeninterviews mit zehn Recovery Bloggerinnen geführt. Die Daten wurden durch eine inhaltlich-strukturierende Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Bloggerinnen den Account vor allem aufgrund von selbstbezogenen Motiven führen, z. B. zum Identitäts- oder Krankheitsmanagement. Mit der Zeit gewinnen auch fremdbezogene Motive an Relevanz, z. B. um die Aufklärung Anderer über Essstörungen zu unterstützen. Das Rollenbild der Bloggerinnen wird vor allem durch ihre persönlichen Erwartungen an Ästhetik, Inhalt, Erfolg und Qualität des Accounts geprägt, wodurch Überschneidungen zum Rollenbild von Influencer:innen erkennbar werden. Den Account zu führen, hat aus Sicht der Bloggerinnen überwiegend positiven Einfluss auf ihre Krankheitsbewältigung und ihre psychische Gesundheit. Triggernde oder kritische Rückmeldungen können den Genesungsprozess hingegen auf negative Weise beeinflussen. Die Studie verdeutlicht, wie Essstörungen in Sozialen Medien verhandelt werden und dass solche Plattformen für den Umgang mit der Erkrankung von hoher Relevanz sind.

This book analyzes the harms related to whistleblower retaliation, its psychosocial impacts on employees, and the institutional dysfunction it creates and perpetuates. Stigma and biases against whistleblowers interfere with their ability to make protected disclosures when harm to others is at stake. Retaliatory toxic tactics create an atmosphere and corporate culture that embodies fear and encourages bystander behavior. In this book, the authors explore psychosocial impacts across domains that include financial, legal, social, physical, and emotional well-being. Ten of the 14 chapters specifically examine the toxic tactics of retaliation: gaslighting, mobbing, marginalizing, shunning, devaluing, double-binding, career blocking, counter-accusing, bullying, and doxxing. These toxic tactics are the building blocks of workplace traumatic stress (WTS) and can lead to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, substance abuse, and suicide. WTS is a term that differentiates between workplace violence or job stress, which can be components of WTS but do not fully describe the systemic hostile work environment that targets an employee. Understanding WTS and how it disrupts identity, causes moral injury, and shatters world views are important aspects for clinicians treating clients who are victims of this kind of hostile work environment. The Psychosocial Impacts of Whistleblower Retaliation is a useful resource offering a new way for social workers, mental health providers, advocates, and other support services professionals and practitioners to assist whistleblowers. It helps clinicians understand how to view patients suffering from whistleblower retaliation and gives them a lexicon for forensic evaluations. Lawyers, especially those specializing in employment, labor, and Qui Tam cases, also could benefit from having a means to describe the psychosocial impacts of retaliation and WTS on their clients when filing for compensatory damages for pain and suffering during judicial proceedings. Finally, the book could appeal to employees and managers, human resources professionals, victim rights advocates, elected officials, media personnel, and other professionals who are interested in learning more about whistleblower retaliation and its psychosocial and cultural implications.

BackgroundWhile Aboriginal Australians are known to be disproportionately affected by intellectual disabilities (ID) and/or autism spectrum disorders (developmental disabilities), true prevalences among Aboriginal children are unclear, with evidence of delayed and missed diagnoses and barriers to services. This study estimated these prevalences and disability service use among WA Aboriginal children.
ApproachTwo cohorts and data sources were used. Firstly, a state-based health and disability data linkage for all WA Aboriginal children born 2000-2013, including hospital, public outpatient mental health, birth and death data and state registries of birth defects, cerebral palsy and ID. The cumulative incidence of diagnosis by age 18 was estimated. Secondly, prevalence of service access was estimated from all National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) WA Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal participants aged 0-17 on 30/6/2021 with a primary diagnosis of ID (with or without fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)) or autism. Census population counts were denominators.
ResultsUsing the data linkage, 3.3% of Aboriginal children born 2000-2013 were diagnosed with developmental disability by 18 years. The most common diagnosis (2.5%) was ID without FASD. Using NDIS data, 3.1% of Aboriginal children were NDIS participants with development disability in 2021, but only 0.7% of children with ID without FASD. Instead, autism was most common diagnosis. Aboriginal children were more likely than non-Aboriginal children to be NDIS participants with autism (prevalence ratio (PR): 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06-1.26), ID without FASD (PR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.80-2.35) and ID with FASD (PR: 40.5, 95%CI: 29.9-57.1). For both data sources, prevalences differed by region. Aboriginal NDIS participants with ID had an older age distribution than non-Aboriginal participants.
ConclusionFor both cohorts, the prevalence of developmental disability was >3%, though the contributions of ID and autism differed in the two data sources. Variation in diagnoses by region and Aboriginal status may indicate differential diagnosis and variation in age suggests delayed diagnoses or access to services for Aboriginal children.