Suchergebnisse

International audience ; The analysis of disarmament for development aims to find a solution to the paradox of the production of weapons intended to destroy when the basic needs of entire Nations are not met. It would therefore be a misappropriation of wealth, which poses both economic and political problems. The question of international security should not be overlooked, however. The question of the opportunity cost of the military effort is difficult to calculate, as conflicts do not end with the absence of weapons. Finally, it is necessary to reflect on the relationship between disarmament and development that seems so obvious at first glance, while its establishment produces divergent effects between countries, without however improving the peaceful stability of international relations. ; L'analyse du désarmement pour le développement se propose de trouver une solution au paradoxe d'une production d'armes destinées à détruire alors que les besoins fondamentaux de Nations entières ne sont pas satisfaits. Il s'agirait donc d'un détournement de richesses, ce qui pose des problèmes à la fois économiques et politiques. La question de la sécurité internationale ne doit cependant pas être omise La question du coût d'opportunité de l'effort militaire est difficile à calculer, car les conflits ne s'arrêtent pas avec l'absence d'armes. Enfin, il est nécessaire de réfléchir à la relation entre désarmement et développement qui paraît tellement évidente à première vue, alors que sa mise en place produit des effets divergents entre les pays, sans pour autant améliorer la stabilité pacifique des relations internationales.

International audience ; The analysis of disarmament for development aims to find a solution to the paradox of the production of weapons intended to destroy when the basic needs of entire Nations are not met. It would therefore be a misappropriation of wealth, which poses both economic and political problems. The question of international security should not be overlooked, however. The question of the opportunity cost of the military effort is difficult to calculate, as conflicts do not end with the absence of weapons. Finally, it is necessary to reflect on the relationship between disarmament and development that seems so obvious at first glance, while its establishment produces divergent effects between countries, without however improving the peaceful stability of international relations. ; L'analyse du désarmement pour le développement se propose de trouver une solution au paradoxe d'une production d'armes destinées à détruire alors que les besoins fondamentaux de Nations entières ne sont pas satisfaits. Il s'agirait donc d'un détournement de richesses, ce qui pose des problèmes à la fois économiques et politiques. La question de la sécurité internationale ne doit cependant pas être omise La question du coût d'opportunité de l'effort militaire est difficile à calculer, car les conflits ne s'arrêtent pas avec l'absence d'armes. Enfin, il est nécessaire de réfléchir à la relation entre désarmement et développement qui paraît tellement évidente à première vue, alors que sa mise en place produit des effets divergents entre les pays, sans pour autant améliorer la stabilité pacifique des relations internationales.

In the late 1990s, the issue of diamonds contributing to conflict began to receive global attention. In response, the Kimberley Process, an international agreement drawn up in 2003, was implemented to reduce the trade of conflict diamonds and provide a way to certify the global diamond trade. This study looks at the political economy of resource-wealthy states in Africa to understand responses to the Kimberley Process, asking why some African states have higher levels of compliance and co-operation than others. Using cross-country comparisons to explain differing state policies and outcomes, Nathan Munier explores whether domestic, private economic actors matter in how international agreements operate. In doing so, he asks why states that regularly ignore international agreements will use scarce resources to raise their level of compliance with the Kimberley Process. Focusing on the domestic political economy of states, in contrast to past theories of state responses to international agreements, Munier finds that economic dependence and the preferences of private actors are essential in understanding the variation of state responses to international agreements.

"This work expounds, for those in practice and beyond, the rules of international law governing the inter-state use of force. Jus ad bellum determines when a state - or group of states - may lawfully use force against, or on the territory of, another state, and when such action violates international law. The bedrock of the law is found in the Charter of the United Nations, but the interpretation and application of many of the rules codified in the Charter, particularly by the International Court of Justice, are contested. Accordingly, the book clarifies the law as it stands today, explaining its many complexities and controversies, such as when non-state actors may be attacked in another state and when consent is validly given to foreign intervention. The interrelationships between jus ad bellum and the law of armed conflict/international humanitarian law, the law of neutrality, and international human rights law are also illuminated, along with important concepts such as the 'responsibility to protect' and humanitarian intervention"--

Intro -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- Herausgeber- und Autorenverzeichnis -- Einleitung -- 1 Zielsetzung des Bandes -- 2 Der HiAP-Ansatz: Hintergrund und zentrale Charakteristika -- 3 Warum HiAP notwendig ist -- 4 Die Inhalte dieses Bandes -- 5 Nachtrag zur Einleitung: HiAP und COVID-19 -- Grundlagen -- Gesundheit in allen Politikbereichen: Die Entwicklungsgeschichte eines Kernkonzepts der Gesundheitsförderung -- 1 Gesundheitsfördernde Gesamtpolitik als Schlüsselstrategie der Ottawa-Charta -- 2 Entwicklungen im Rahmen der internationalen Gesundheitsförderungstagungen der WHO. -- 2.1 Deklaration von Alma-Ata (1978). -- 2.2 Erste internationale Konferenz zur Gesundheitsförderung 1986 und Ottawa-Charta. -- 2.3 Internationale Konferenzen nach Ottawa bis zur Helsinki-Konferenz. -- 2.4 Helsinki-Konferenz "Health in All Policies - Gesundheit in allen Politikbereichen" und folgende -- 3 Konzeptentwicklung in den WHO-Programmen -- 3.1 GESUNDHEIT21 -- 3.2 Gesundheit 2020. Rahmenkonzept und Strategie der Europäischen Region für das 21. Jahrhundert -- 3.3 Vereinte Nationen und Agenda für nachhaltige Entwicklung -- 4 Entwicklung im Kontext der EU -- 5 Konzeptgeschichte und Konzeptvarianten -- 5.1 Ursprünge -- 5.2 Horizontal Health Governance -- 5.3 Begriffsklärungen im Feld horizontaler Health Governance -- 6 Bilanz -- Literatur -- Health in All Policies - Internationale Entwicklungen, Umsetzungsbeispiele und Perspektiven für Deutschland -- 1 Einleitung -- 2 Notwendigkeit, Potenziale und Limitationen von HiAP -- 3 Internationale Konzepte und Modelle -- 4 Kommunale und zivilgesellschaftliche Ansätze in Deutschland -- 5 Viel "Society", wenig "Governance" -- 6 Windows of Opportunities -- 7 Perspektiven für HiAP in Deutschland - Auf dem Weg zu einer Public Health-Strategie -- Literatur -- Politikfelder.

In the late 1990s, the issue of diamonds contributing to conflict began to receive global attention. In response, the Kimberley Process, an international agreement drawn up in 2003, was implemented to reduce the trade of conflict diamonds and provide a way to certify the global diamond trade. This study looks at the political economy of resource-wealthy states in Africa to understand responses to the Kimberley Process, asking why some African states have higher levels of compliance and co-operation than others. Using cross-country comparisons to explain differing state policies and outcomes, Nathan Munier explores whether domestic, private economic actors matter in how international agreements operate. In doing so, he asks why states that regularly ignore international agreements will use scarce resources to raise their level of compliance with the Kimberley Process. Focusing on the domestic political economy of states, in contrast to past theories of state responses to international agreements, Munier finds that economic dependence and the preferences of private actors are essential in understanding the variation of state responses to international agreements.

Intro -- INHALTSVERZEICHNIS -- VORWORT DER REIHENHERAUSGEBER -- (Nicolas Bilo / Stefan Haas / Michael C. Schneider) Grundbegriffe und Konturen einer Kulturgeschichte der Statistik. Einleitung -- (Axel C. Hüntelmann) Konstruktion und Etablierung der Medizinalstatistik in Deutschland ca. 1850-1900 -- (Christa Kamleithner) Kategorisierung und Zonierung. Der Entwurf der modernen Stadt im Statistischen Bureau (1860-1910) -- (Franziska Hupfer) Regenmesser für den Staat. Niederschlagsstatistik und Anwendungserwartungen in der Schweiz (1860-1920) -- (Wolfgang Göderle) Volkszählung und moderner Staat. Die Praxis des Zensus im späten Habsburgerreich am Beispiel der Zählung des Jahres 1869 -- (Christina Rothen / Thomas Ruoss) Wachstum und Redimensionierung. Von der Dynamik amtlicher Schulstatistiken im 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert -- (Lukas Boser / Michèle Hofmann) Sehen, Lesen, Sitzen, Schreiben. Die Konstruktion 'des Schulkindes' durch die Statistik in der Schweiz im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert -- (Theresa Wobbe) Der internationale Wandel statistischer Repräsentationen der Arbeitswelt. Vom nationalen Zensus um 1900 zur internationalen Vergleichbarkeit in der International Labour Organization (ILO) 1882-1938 -- (Hajo Frölich) Leere Fragebögen, vollständige Balkendiagramme. Bildungsstatistik und State Effect im spätkaiserlichen China 1905-1911 -- (Martin Bemmann) Internationale und Weltwirtschaftsstatistik. Beobachtungen, Überlegungen und Thesen zur Genese internationaler Wirtschaftsstatistik in den 1920er und 1930er Jahren -- (Andrea Bréard) 400 Millionen. Globale Wirkungen einer mächtigen Zahl -- (Heinrich Hartmann) Gezähltes Verhalten. Behavioralismus als statistisches Paradigma der Modernisierung zwischen den 1950er und 1970er Jahren -- AUTORINNEN UND AUTOREN.

"International comparative studies of student achievement have caught the attention of governments, policy-makers, school leaders and educational researchers globally. They have become benchmarks of education for countries in the world and provide a broad perspective for countries to evaluate their education achievement. However, culture and school environment are two critical factors affecting educational achievement that deserve careful consideration and re-interpretation. This book brings light to these conceptual and methodological issues. The 14 articles in this book deal with various aspects of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS), including cultural and social environments, principals' roles and views, achievements in Reading, Science, and Mathematics, and the trustworthiness of international comparisons. The articles use PISA and PIRLS data to present new insights and interpretations of international surveys. These insights will help educators, administrators, and policy-makers understand the working mechanisms of their school systems and the relationships between students' achievement and the culture and school environment they are in."--

"Since the mid-1990s, the Chinese authorities have gradually come to embrace multilateralism to realize their basic foreign policy objectives in maintaining a peaceful international environment and enhancing China's international status and influence. This embrace is largely based on pragmatic considerations. There is no denial, however, that elements of liberalism and constructivism gradually enter into the considerations of Chinese leaders. They accept, for example, that non-traditional security issues can only be tackled through genuine multilateralism. This volume carefully examines China's increased participation in multilateral organizations and mechanisms and its efforts to initiate and develop its own discourses on global affairs straddling Asia, the Middle East, Africa and the Latin American continents. China's presence in international multilateral organizations has been providing developing countries a better chance to maintain a balance of power. Since China has no ambitious plan to transform the existing international order, its increasing enthusiastic engagement of multilateralism is likely to be accepted by the international community."--