Suchergebnisse

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two grazing management strategies on structural, productive and nutritional parameters of Marandu grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu). A completely randomized block design with two pasture management strategies and eight replications (blocks) was used. The grazing management strategies were: (1) low intensity rotational grazing (LI), with a pre-grazing sward height of 40 cm and a post-grazing sward height of 24 cm, i.e., a defoliation intensity of 50%; (2) High intensity rotational grazing (HI), with a pre-grazing sward height of 40 cm and a post-grazing sward height of 10 cm (±70% defoliation intensity). Pastures were sampled before and after grazing for estimation of forage mass, forage accumulation rate, structural characteristics, nutritional value and dry matter intake.The LI strategy resulted in higher dry matter production than HI before (18.33%) and after grazing (49.06%), increasing pre-grazing forage density by 13.21% (P < 0.05). The production of potentially digestible dry matter was highest (P < 0.05) in LI strategy (21.3% before and 39.6% after grazing, respectively). Higher post-grazing green forage mass (45%) increased the residual crude protein in LI. The LI management strategy increased forage mass production and can be used in Marandu grass pastures.

Este libro configura un aporte sustancial para entender, desde un prisma distante de las concepciones hegemónicas en la academia, las dinámicas de lucha y las disputas en torno a lo público que signan la realidad contemporánea de América Latina y el Caribe. Un continente éste que, desde la perspectiva de los pueblos y clases subalternas que lo han forjado y habitan, ha sido renombrado como Abya Yala, Patria Grande o Nuestra América, todos ellos significantes que cargan una historia en común y una identidad cultivada al calor de las resistencias contra el despojo, la violencia y la explotación de un capitalismo neocolonial asentado en un entronque de patriarcados, y cuya unidad en la diversidad fue moldeada borgeanamente más a partir del espanto que del amor. Los capítulos que integran esta compilación auscultan el subsuelo de nuestras sociedades, hurgando en sus recovecos y márgenes para identificar, tornar comprensibles y potenciar aquellos procesos de creación, fortalecimiento y/o recuperación de lo público que, difícilmente, salgan en las tapas de diarios o los programas de televisión, salvo que acontezcan en ellos actos "delictivos" o represiones monumentales. Del Posfacio de Hernán Oubiña

Biotechnological drugs have become a fundamental resource for the treatment of rheumatic patients. Patent expiry of some of these drugs created the opportunity for biopharmaceutical manufacturers to develop biosimilar drugs intended to be as efficacious as the originator product but with a lower cost to healthcare systems. Due to the complex manufacturing process and highly intricate structure of biologicals, a biosimilar can never be an exact copy of its reference product. Consequently, regulatory authorities issued strict preclinical and clinical guidelines to ensure safety and efficacy equivalence and, in September 2013, the biosimilar of infliximab was the first biosimilar monoclonal antibody to be authorized for use in the European Union. The current document is a position statement of the "Sociedade Portuguesa de Reumatologia" (Portuguese Society of Rheumatology) on the use of biosimilar drugs in rheumatic diseases. Two systematic literature reviews were performed, one concerning clinical trials and the other one concerning international position papers on biosimilars. The results were presented and discussed in a national meeting and a final position document was discussed, written and approved by Portuguese rheumatologists. Briefly, this position statement is contrary to automatic substitution of the originator by the biosimilar, defends either a different INN or the prescription by brand name, supports that switching between biosimilars and the originator molecule should be done after at least 6 months of treatment and based on the attending physician decision and after adequate patient information, recommends the registration of all biosimilar treated patients in Reuma.pt for efficacy, safety and immunogenicity surveillance, following the strategy already ongoing for originators, and opposes to extrapolation of indications approved to the originator to completely different diseases and/or age groups without adequate pre-clinical, safety or efficacy data. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

El presente libro reúne las ponencias presentadas a las Segundas Jornadas de Teoría Política celebradas entre los días 28 y 30 de agosto de 2002 en la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Este evento, fue organizado por CLACSO, el Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales, el Departamento de Ciencia Política de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Buenos Aires y su homólogo de la Universidad de São Paulo, Brasil. El tema de las jornadas fue "Ciudadanía, civilización y civismo: la teoría política ante los nuevos desafíos". Los criterios organizativos generales así como el tema seleccionado fueron consensuados entre la totalidad de las instituciones convocantes y reproducen, en lo fundamental, la estructura de las Primeras Jornadas, realizadas en septiembre del año 2000 en la Universidad de São Paulo . El resultado de aquella reunión fue un libro, Teoría y Filosofía Política. La recuperación de los clásicos en el debate latinoamericano, publicado bajo el sello editorial de CLACSO. La intención fundamental de estos encuentros consiste, por una parte, en analizar y compartir los avatares de la filosofía y la teoría política en el marco latinoamericano; por la otra, estimular una reflexión teórica rigurosa y profunda a partir de las coordenadas témporo-espaciales que caracterizan a la deplorable situación de los capitalismos de la región. Son tres los grandes temas abordados en este libro. En la primera parte se incluye una serie de trabajos vinculados de manera muy íntima a la problemática de la ciudadanía, la república y la democracia. La segunda reúne un conjunto de ensayos sobre las diversas reformulaciones del liberalismo y el socialismo en la teoría política contemporánea. La tercera y última sección del libro versa sobre la filosofía política en tiempos turbulentos como los actuales, signados ominosamente por la violenta reafirmación del imperialismo y, en el plano de las ideologías, por el auge del nihilismo posmodernista y el más radical economicismo. ; Índice Prólogo 9 Primera parte Ciudadanía, república y democracia Gabriel Cohn Civilización, ciudadanía y civismo: la teoría política ante los nuevos desafíos 15 Cícero Araujo Civilización y ciudadanía 27 Alejandra Ciriza Herencias y encrucijadas feministas: las relaciones entre teoría(s) y política(s) bajo el capitalismo global 43 André Singer Para recordar algo de la relación entre izquierda y democracia 67 Enrique Aguilar La libertad política en Montesquieu: su significado 73 Susana Villavicencio La (im)posible república 81 Javier Amadeo Y Sergio Morresi Republicanismo y marxismo 95 Segunda parte Liberalismo y socialismo en la teoría política contemporánea Marilena Chauí Fundamentalismo religioso: la cuestión del poder teológico-político 117 Atilio A. Boron y Sabrina González ¿Al rescate del enemigo? Carl Schmitt y los debates contemporáneos de la teoría del estado y la democracia 135 Claudio Vouga South of the border: notas sobre la democracia en la América Ibérica 161 Diana Maffía Socialismo y liberalismo en la teoría política contemporánea 173 Fernando Haddad Sindicalismo, cooperativismo y socialismo 179 Juarez Guimarães Marxismo y democracia: un nuevo campo analítico-normativo para el siglo XXI 203 Álvaro De Vita La teoría de Rawls de la justicia internacional 221 Fernando Lizárraga Diamantes y fetiches Consideraciones sobre el desafío de Robert Nozick al marxismo 239 Roberto Gargarella Las precondiciones económicas del autogobierno político 259 Tercera parte La filosofía política y el discurso de la posmodernidad Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez Ética y política 277 Alan Rush La teoría posmoderna del Imperio (Hardt & Negri) y sus críticos 285 Miguel A. Rossi La filosofía política frente al primado del sujeto y la pura fragmentación 305 Nestor Kohan EL imperio de Hardt & Negri: más allá de modas, 'ondas' y furores 321 Eduardo Grüner La rama dorada y la hermandad de las hormigas La "identidad" argentina en Latinoamérica: ¿realidad o utopía? 341 Gildo Marçal Brandão Problemas de la teoría política a partir de América Latina 373

The tick species and tick-borne pathogens present in a group of questing ticks collected from forest fragments in a rural area in the municipality of Divino, Minas Gerais state, Brazil were evaluated. The collected ticks were divided into two groups those collected from around the edges of the fragments and those collected from the interior of the forest. In all the fragments, the ticks were collected using a dragging and flagging technique and by harvesting them from white fabric gaiters. The larvae, nymphs, and adults were all morphologically identified using specific taxonomic keys. The larvae were identified to the genus level. DNA was extracted from the ticks and tested for the presence of Rickettsia spp., Borrelia spp., Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp., and Theileria spp. using a conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In total, 1,122 questing ticks (750 larvae, 367 nymphs, and five adults) and 18 larval clusters were evaluated. The main species found in the collected tick population were Amblyomma sculptum, A. auricularium, A. aureolatum, and A. pseudoconcolor, along with the larvae of Amblyomma spp. and Dermacentor spp. None of the tick samples gave a positive result when tested by PCR for the presence of DNA from Rickettsia spp., Borrelia spp., Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp., or Theileria spp.

Leprosy is a comorbidity that affects numerous people all over the world, which is characterized by its affinity for the skin and peripheral nerves. The objective of this research was to carry out an analysis of the epidemiological aspects and temporal trends of leprosy indicators in the municipality of Crato. To achieve these objectives, a qualitative and quantitative research was carried out, based on data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System. Between 2007 and 2017, 477 new cases of leprosy were reported in the municipality of Crato, highlighting the year 2012 with the highest number of new cases of the disease, with emphasis on the incidence of cases in men (59.1%), while in women it was 40.8%. Of these, with a predominance of the age group between 50 to 59 years (20.7%), followed by 60 to 69 years (18.6%). According to the results proposed by this research, it can be observed that, in the last few years, there has been a significant reduction in the number of cases. To maintain this index, political commitment and quality health services for effect the service of secondary care in the municipality. ; La lepra es una comorbilidad que afecta a numerosas personas en todo el mundo, que se caracteriza por su afinidad por la piel y los nervios periféricos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue realizar un análisis de los aspectos epidemiológicos y tendencias temporales de los indicadores de lepra en el municipio de Crato. Para lograr estos objetivos, se realizó una investigación cualitativa y cuantitativa, basada en datos del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades Notificables. Entre 2007 y 2017 se reportaron 477 nuevos casos de lepra en el municipio de Crato, destacándose el año 2012 con mayor número de casos nuevos de la enfermedad, con énfasis en la incidencia de casos en hombres (59,1%), mientras que en mujeres fue del 40,8%. De estos, con predominio del grupo de edad de 50 a 59 años (20,7%), seguido de 60 a 69 años (18,6%). De acuerdo con los resultados propuestos por esta investigación, se puede observar que, en los últimos años, se ha producido una reducción significativa en el número de casos. Mantener este índice, compromiso político y servicios de salud de calidad para efectuar el servicio de atención secundaria en el municipio. ; A hanseníase é uma comorbidade que afeta inúmeras pessoas em todo o mundo, caracterizada por sua afinidade pela pele e nervos periféricos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar uma análise dos aspectos epidemiológicos e tendências temporais dos indicadores de hanseníase no município do Crato. Para atingir esses objetivos, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa, com base nos dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Entre 2007 e 2017, foram notificados 477 casos novos de hanseníase no município do Crato, destacando-se o ano de 2012 com maior número de casos novos da doença, com destaque para a incidência de casos em homens (59,1%), enquanto em mulheres era 40,8%. Destes, com predomínio da faixa etária entre 50 a 59 anos (20,7%), seguida de 60 a 69 anos (18,6%). De acordo com os resultados propostos por esta pesquisa, pode-se observar que, nos últimos anos, houve uma redução significativa no número de casos. Para manter esse índice, há compromisso político e serviços de saúde de qualidade para efetivar o atendimento da atenção secundária no município.

River networks are among Earth's most threatened hot-spots of biodiversity and provide key ecosystem services (e.g., supply drinking water and food, climate regulation) essential to sustaining human well-being. Climate change and increased human water use are causing more rivers and streams to dry, with devastating impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Currently, more than a half of the global river networks consist of drying channels, and these are expanding dramatically. However, drying river networks (DRNs) have received little attention from scientists and policy makers, and the public is unaware of their importance. Consequently, there is no effective integrated biodiversity conservation or ecosystem management strategy of DRNs.A multidisciplinary team of 25 experts from 11 countries in Europe, South America, China and the USA will build on EU efforts to assess the cascading effects of climate change on biodiversity, ecosystem functions and ecosystem services of DRNs through changes in flow regimes and water use. DRYvER (DRYing riVER networks) will gather and upscale empirical and modelling data from nine focal DRNs (case studies) in Europe (EU) and Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) to develop a meta-system framework applicable to Europe and worldwide. It will also generate crucial knowledge-based strategies, tools and guidelines for economically-efficient adaptive management of DRNs. Working closely with stakeholders and end-users, DRYvER will co-develop strategies to mitigate and adapt to climate change impacts in DRNs, integrating hydrological, ecological (including nature-based solutions), socio-economic and policy perspectives. The end results of DRYvER will contribute to reaching the objectives of the Paris Agreement and placing Europe at the forefront of research on climate change.

Coalho cheese is a typical Northeastern Brazilian food whose production and consumption has expanded considerably to other regions of the country. Despite its cultural and socioeconomic relevance, coalho cheese still has a negative reputation due to problems in its physicochemical and microbiological quality standards, especially when it is produced artisanally. For this reason, many researchers have been looking for alternatives to improve the quality and the notoriety of this product, such as the application of probiotic strains to inhibit pathogens. However, in addition to the research related to the desired probiotic properties and the safety of strains for food application, it is important to know the possible changes in the food matrix caused by this intervention. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of probiotic strains of Enterococcus faecium on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of coalho cheese. The cheeses were made with pasteurized cow milk and probiotic strains of E. faecium were added during production. Cheeses were also made without adding the strains, and considered as control cheeses. The final products were evaluated for moisture, pH, titratable acidity, total carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, ash, color, organic acid profile, and sensory attributes. In addition, viable lactic acid bacteria were also assessed. Coalho cheeses containing E. faecium showed higher titratable acidity and lower pH. In addition, there was a reduction in the carbohydrate content, which was attributed to lactose degradation. The organic acid profile also varied, as highlighted by the increase in the concentration of lactic acid by a factor of 3.5, and by the absence of citric acid as a possible result of the metabolism of E. faecium in the production of aromatic compounds. There was no variation in the color or sensory acceptance of the cheeses. Therefore, the application of probiotic strains of E. faecium in coalho cheese production changes some physicochemical characteristics while maintaining essential properties, such as the color and sensory acceptability of the final product.

National audience ; La forêt, en plus de ses fonctions économiques reconnues par tous les acteurs du milieu rural tels que le développement de l'emploi rural et le marché local du bois pour la transformation ou pour l'énergie, rend de nombreux autres services. Cependant, de multiples risques sont identifiables et doivent être gérés dans et pourront éventuellement être aggravés par les changements climatiques: futures sécheresses favorables aux pathogènes et ravageurs ainsi qu'à la propagation des incendies, et le risque de la modification du vent. Le projet FORRISK se focalisera ainsi sur les risques en forêt dont l'intensité est modulée par le changement climatique. L'histoire des forêts du sud de l'Europe nous rappelle que pour de nombreux problèmes, une approche seulement nationale n'a pas de sens. C'est-à-dire, les risques concernés, les réponses à apporter peuvent être soit au niveau technique soit au niveau de l'organisation des institutions. Pour cette raison, FORRISK vise à coordonner et mettre en réseau trois communautés différentes que sont les acteurs politiques, les gestionnaires et les scientifiques, dans le but d'obtenir que la gestion des risques soit partie intégrante des décisions prises à tous les niveaux du secteur forestier. Cela permettra d'initier une plateforme européenne sur les risques forestiers en facilitant des recommandations et des informations pertinentes à tous les niveaux. Pour y parvenir, le projet analysera et comparera les outils institutionnels, les systèmes et organisations liés à la gestion de risques dans les régions étudiées. Ensuite, FORRISK développera sur le terrain des techniques de lutte écologique, génétique et sylvicole, dont les résultats feront l'objet de guides de bonne pratique. Les outils produits consisteront à des cartes de risques à l'échelle régionale ou subrégionale, ainsi que à des modèles informatiques permettant de faire des diagnostics sur le terrain et de modéliser la propagation du fomès dans les peuplements de pin maritime. Ainsi, décideurs ...

During the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the COVIDiSTRESS Consortium launched an open-access global survey to understand and improve individuals' experiences related to the crisis. A year later, we extended this line of research by launching a new survey to address the dynamic landscape of the pandemic. This survey was released with the goal of addressing diversity, equity, and inclusion by working with over 150 researchers across the globe who collected data in 48 languages and dialects across 137 countries. The resulting cleaned dataset described here includes 15,740 of over 20,000 responses. The dataset allows cross-cultural study of psychological wellbeing and behaviours a year into the pandemic. It includes measures of stress, resilience, vaccine attitudes, trust in government and scientists, compliance, and information acquisition and misperceptions regarding COVID-19. Open-access raw and cleaned datasets with computed scores are available. Just as our initial COVIDiSTRESS dataset has facilitated government policy decisions regarding health crises, this dataset can be used by researchers and policy makers to inform research, decisions, and policy.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield and nutritional value of silage made from corn intercropped with marandu palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) in an integrated crop-livestock system. The corn was harvested at different maturity stages and cutting heights and was processed or not before ensiling. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications in a 2x2x2+1 factorial scheme. The treatments were composed of silage corn intercropped with marandu palisadegrass harvested at two cutting heights (20 or 45 cm) and two stages of maturity (1/4 of the kernel milk line or kernel physiological maturity) and subjected to two methods of processing (crushing or not crushing). A control treatment composed of conventionally grown corn silage was also included. The total dry matter yields of both crops did not differ significantly among treatments, demonstrating the viability of the intercropping system for both forage species. Although the dry matter content of the corn plants was higher at the time of ensiling, the fermentative and nutritive quality of the silages was not affected. Increasing the cutting height increased the grain content of the forage mass and also avoided harming the development of the intercropped grass. The silages from the physiological maturity treatment and from the processed treatment had the best quality.

River networks are among Earth's most threatened hot-spots of biodiversity and provide key ecosystem services (e.g., supply drinking water and food, climate regulation) essential to sustaining human well-being. Climate change and increased human water use are causing more rivers and streams to dry, with devastating impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Currently, more than a half of the global river networks consist of drying channels, and these are expanding dramatically. However, drying river networks (DRNs) have received little attention from scientists and policy makers, and the public is unaware of their importance. Consequently, there is no effective integrated biodiversity conservation or ecosystem management strategy of DRNs.A multidisciplinary team of 25 experts from 11 countries in Europe, South America, China and the USA will build on EU efforts to assess the cascading effects of climate change on biodiversity, ecosystem functions and ecosystem services of DRNs through changes in flow regimes and water use. DRYvER (DRYing riVER networks) will gather and upscale empirical and modelling data from nine focal DRNs (case studies) in Europe (EU) and Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) to develop a meta-system framework applicable to Europe and worldwide. It will also generate crucial knowledge-based strategies, tools and guidelines for economically-efficient adaptive management of DRNs. Working closely with stakeholders and end-users, DRYvER will co-develop strategies to mitigate and adapt to climate change impacts in DRNs, integrating hydrological, ecological (including nature-based solutions), socio-economic and policy perspectives. The end results of DRYvER will contribute to reaching the objectives of the Paris Agreement and placing Europe at the forefront of research on climate change.